Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have studied the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in a patient with fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver. The collagen matrix was predominantly composed of collagens I, III, and V. Since specific mRNAs for collagens I and III were detected by in situ hybridization, we also provide evidence that the fibroblastoid stromal cells were the major source of this collagen. Occasionally, also tumor cells could be shown to express collagen III-mRNA. Furthermore, some tumor cells showed positive signals for TGF-beta 1, while isolated stromal cells expressed interleukin-6. This cytokine expression may probably be related to the altered control of collagen gene expression.
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PMID:Excessive collagen formation in fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: a morphological and biochemical study. 841 1

T lymphocytes infiltrate the epidermis and follicular epithelium adhering to keratinocytes within hours following induction of cutaneous inflammation. To determine if the physical binding interaction between a T cell and keratinocyte induces transmission of activation pathways, CD3+ T cells (HUT 78) were allowed to directly bind to non-cytokine-treated cultured keratinocytes. When these T cells bound to keratinocytes, the keratinocytes were activated as evidenced by detection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA. This induction was relatively mRNA specific, as several other mRNA were not found to be altered. This activation process appeared to be one-sided, as no change in HUT cell mRNA levels was detectable. The keratinocyte activation process was confined to cultures that had direct physical binding by HUT cells, because co-culturing the HUT cells immediately above the keratinocyte monolayer (but not in direct contact), resulted in no such mRNA alterations. This direct adhesion-mediated activation of keratinocytes by T lymphocytes may be important in the genesis of cutaneous inflammation by amplifying the original stimulus, as well as contributing to the trafficking pattern of inflammatory cells as they leave the general circulation and enter the skin.
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PMID:Keratinocyte activation following T-lymphocyte binding. 134 24

This study demonstrated that epithelial cell lines secrete interleukin-6 (IL-6) in response to stimulation with gram-negative bacteria. Human epithelial cell lines of urinary tract origin (A-498 and J82) and of intestinal origin (HT-29 and Caco-2) were analyzed for the secretion of IL-6 by using the B9 bioassay. The supernatants from cells maintained with culture medium were used to assess the constitutive production of IL-6. The supernatants from cells exposed to Escherichia coli strains, lipopolysaccharide, lipid A, and isolated fimbriae were used to quantitate the IL-6 response to these stimulants. The urinary tract epithelial cell lines were found to constitutively secrete IL-6. The IL-6 activity in the supernatants of the bladder cell line (J82) increased above constitutive levels after 2 h of stimulation by most of the bacterial strains tested. The IL-6 activity in the supernatants of the kidney line (A-498) accumulated at a constant rate over the 24-h assay period. The role of bacterial adherence for the induction of IL-6 production was investigated by comparing the responses to recombinant E. coli strains expressing different fimbriae. In addition, isolated P and S fimbriae with and without the receptor binding domain were also used as stimulants. The IL-6 activity in the supernatants of the bladder cell line increased after exposure to bacteria and bacterial products regardless of their adhesive properties. In contrast, the kidney cell line was stimulated to secrete significantly more IL-6 by adhering bacteria and by adhesin-positive P fimbriae than by nonadhering bacteria or adhesin-negative P fimbriae. The S-fimbrial preparations had no specific effects on the IL-6 activity of the cell supernatants. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that epithelial cells can be a major source of IL-6 when stimulated by bacteria and that the adhesive properties of the bacteria can influence this response.
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PMID:Interleukin-6 response of epithelial cell lines to bacterial stimulation in vitro. 134 59

The authors describe a patient in whom the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other laboratory parameters were monitored. The IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, which were extremely high before treatment, declined rapidly with administration of prednisolone. Rheumatoid factor, IgG, and platelets count declined more gradually. Thus, determination of the serum IL-6 level might be useful in diagnosing and monitoring polyarteritis nodosa.
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PMID:Distinct responses of interleukin-6 and other laboratory parameters to treatment in a patient with polyarteritis nodosa--a case report. 135 Jul 13

A monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) has been used in a high-sensitivity immunofluorescence technique to study receptor expression on unstimulated blood lymphocytes. Most CD4 cells express IL-6 receptor, whilst a small and variable proportion of CD8 and B cells are positive. CD4+ cells express higher levels of receptor than CD8+ T cells, and CD45RO+ cells express higher levels than CD45RA cells.
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PMID:Expression of interleukin-6 receptor on blood lymphocytes without in vitro activation. 135 64

1. The authors developed a primary culture technique for neuronal cells from postnatal rat brains and studied the effects of neurotrophic factors on the naturally developed neurons. 2. We demonstrated changes in the neurotrophic role of nerve growth factor (NGF) during the developmental stages of the rat: NGF was shown to act as a differentiation factor in the early stages and as a survival factor later. 3. It appeared that interleukin-6 (IL-6) supported the survival of septal cholinergic neurons obtained from 10-day-old rats. IL-6, however, did not induce the differentiation of embryonic rat septal cholinergic neurons. IL-6 improved the survival of mesencephalic catecholaminergic neurons from postnatal and embryonic rat brains, which have known not to be response to NGF.
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PMID:Culture of neuronal cells from postnatal rat brain: application to the study of neurotrophic factors. 135 95

Only a minority of T cells at cell-mediated immune lesions are antigen specific. In the lesions of human autoimmune disease, such as the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis, the T cells are activated as shown by a variety of phenotypic and functional changes including the expression of HLA-DR and the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6). The stimulatory pathway involved is unknown but does not seem to involve the T-cell receptor. Alternative pathways of activation which may be involved include the CD2 molecule. It is shown that the formation of sheep red blood cell (SRBC) rosettes with resting T cells from human peripheral blood, which is equivalent to CD2/LFA-3 binding, leads to the de novo transcription of the HLA-DR and IL-6 genes and the expression of HLA-DR on the surface of the T cells. There was no transcription of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) or the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) genes and Tac expression was not seen. The rosetted T cells did not proliferate. These are all characteristics of T cells at chronic inflammatory sites. It is concluded that receptor-ligand interactions between CD2/LFA-3, which are expressed in increased amounts in the rheumatoid joint, may be one pathway by which antigen non-specific T cells are recruited as effector cells in lesions of human autoimmune disease.
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PMID:Activation of HLA-DR and interleukin-6 gene transcription in resting T cells via the CD2 molecule: relevance to chronic immune-mediated inflammation. 135 12

There is currently accumulating evidence for bidirectional communication between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Various cytokines have been suggested to be involved in the stimulation of stress hormone secretion during the times of infection and inflammation. To assess the possible involvement and pathophysiologic significance of cytokines in the mechanisms responsible for the perioperative stress response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, we observed the changes of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels together with those of plasma endotoxin and cytokine levels. In patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy, perioperative stimulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol secretion was accompanied by a significant elevation of plasma cytokine levels. Application of epidural block up to the upper thoracic levels failed to suppress this stress response effectively. In patients undergoing unilateral total hip replacement, the response of plasma hormone levels was smaller and briefer with no significant increase of plasma cytokine levels. Application of epidural block up to the lower thoracic levels suppressed this hormonal response almost completely. In patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy, a significant elevation of plasma endotoxin level was followed by a gradual but significant elevation of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 levels. It seems likely that the stimulatory effects of these cytokines on the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol might be involved in the development of the greater and more prolonged stress response of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Our present study suggests that not only neural input from the surgical wound but also stimulation of cytokine production were responsible for the development of the stress response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during and after upper abdominal surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Responses of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, and cytokines during and after upper abdominal surgery. 846 81

Interleukin-6 (IL-6 or BSF-2/IFN beta 2) is a component of normal human skin. IL-6 was immunologically detected in basal keratinocytes, endothelial cells and in a number of mononucleated cells and fibroblasts in normal skin and sudoriparous ducts. In psoriasis, intense labelling of the cytoplasm in the vicinity of keratinocyte membranes was detected in all epidermal layers and other skin appendages. The fact that this interleukin acts synergistically with respect to IL-1 and Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) strengthens the hypothesis whereby IL-6 may contribute via its receptor action to EGF function in modulating cell hyper-proliferation in psoriasis.
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PMID:Interleukin-6 in normal skin and psoriasis. 135 48

We have developed a direct expression system for high-level production of recombinant human interleukin-6 (rhIL-6) in Escherichia coli. In this system, (i) the natural N-terminal coding region of the hIL-6 gene was replaced by a synthetic sequence containing A-T rich codons, (ii) dual Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequences were employed, (iii) an A-T rich segment was inserted in front of the initiation codon to avoid putative mRNA secondary structure in the region and (iv) the natural amber termination codon of the hIL-6 gene was changed to an ocher stop codon. The hIL-6 polypeptide, synthesized at a high level, formed cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. After refolding, the N-terminal methionine was removed by aminopeptidase-P in vitro. The purified recombinant hIL-6 had B-cell differentiation activity equivalent to natural IL-6 from a human T-cell culture.
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PMID:High-level direct expression of semi-synthetic human interleukin-6 in Escherichia coli and production of N-terminus met-free product. 136 31


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