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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunological features and the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in 4 patients with cardiac myxoma were studied. The patients' age ranged from 11 years old to 57 years old; all 4 patients were female. Case 1, an 11-year-old female patient with myxoma located in the right ventricle, was considered to be a familial case. Her mother had myxomas in the right and left atrium, and had undergone removal of both tumors 3 years before. Peripheral blood examination revealed various inflammatory parameters in all of these patients. White blood cell (WBC) count was over 8,000/cmm in 3 of the 4 patients, positive CRP was found in 2 patients, IgG was higher than 1,500 mg/dl in 3 patients, positive anti-nuclear antibody was seen in 1 patient, and positive rheumatoid factor was identified in 1 patient. The OKT 4/8 ratio of lymphocyte subpopulation was 4.65 in one patient. The lymphocyte mitogenic response to PHA was increased in 2 patients. Serum IL-6 increased in 3 of 4 patients, and returned to normal within 3 to 4 weeks after operation. The IL-6 concentration in the homogenized sample remarkably increased in all 4 patients. Tumors larger than 4 cm contained higher tissue IL-6 concentrations than those smaller than 2 cm. The cultured myxoma cells produced abundant IL-6 in the culture medium supernatant. We conclude that inflammatory signs and immunological abnormalities are common in patients with large cardiac myxoma, and, in addition, serum IL-6 levels may increase in such patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Serum/tissue interleukin-6 concentrations and constitutional abnormalities in 4 patients with cardiac myxoma]. 821 Jul 50

Herpesvirus Saimiri gene 13 (HVS13) exhibits 57% identity with the predicted sequence of a T cell-derived molecule termed CTLA8. Recombinant HVS13 and CTLA8 stimulate transcriptional factor NF-kappa B activity and interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion in fibroblasts, and costimulate T cell proliferation. An HVS13.Fc fusion protein was used to isolate a cDNA encoding a novel receptor that also binds CTLA8. This receptor is unrelated to previously identified cytokine receptor families. A recombinant soluble receptor inhibited T cell proliferation and IL-2 production induced by PHA, concanavalin A (conA), and anti-TCR MAb. These results define CTLA8 and HVS13 as novel cytokines that bind to a novel cytokine receptor. We propose to call these molecules IL-17, vIL-17, and IL-17R, respectively.
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PMID:Herpesvirus Saimiri encodes a new cytokine, IL-17, which binds to a novel cytokine receptor. 877 26

The present study examined stressor interactions with genotype and light/dark cycle. Male Brown Norway (BN), Fischer 344 (F344), Lewis (from two different vendors: Lew/CR and Lew/H) and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to footshock either in the early light or early dark circadian phase. Immediately after footshock, the spleen and whole blood proliferation to PHA and Con A was assessed. To provide endocrine indices of stress, serum was measured for corticosterone and interleukin-6 (IL-6). All rats showed significant increases in serum corticosterone and IL-6 following footshock either in the light or the dark. Rat strain differences were noted in the IL-6 response, while the corticosterone response was strong for all strains. The criterion for 'suppression' of lymphocyte proliferation was p < .05 (as determined by ANOVA) compared to non-shocked controls. Spleen: with the exception of BN rats, the other strains showed suppressed spleen cell proliferation to PHA and Con A both in the light and the dark. BN rats failed to show suppression of mitogenic activity to PHA when footshock was given in the light. Peripheral blood lymphocytes: suppression in Lew rats from either vendor, and in F344 and BN rats, did not vary with time of day nor with the type of mitogen tested. SD rats did not show suppression to PHA if shocked in the light. These results highlight the generality of stressor-induced mitogenic lymphocyte proliferation during the early diurnal and nocturnal periods of the day.
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PMID:Suppression of lymphocyte mitogenesis in different rat strains exposed to footshock during early diurnal and nocturnal time periods. 883 90

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates the immune response, acute-phase reaction, and hematopoiesis. As a first step in studying the actions of IL-6 in pigs, the regulation of IL-6 expression was examined in various swine cells, including a fibroblast cell line, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and alveolar macrophages. IL-6 expression in transformed swine testicular (TST) fibroblasts was enhanced by TNF and IL-1 beta and to a lesser extent by poly(I).(C) and LPS. IL-6 was induced in porcine PBMC by either LPS or PHA; however, the combination of LPS plus PHA resulted in maximal IL-6 expression. Furthermore, in PBMC cells separated by adherence, LPS was a more potent inducer than PHA in adherent cells, whereas PHA was more potent in nonadherent cells. Alveolar macrophages collected from different pigs could be divided into low and high responders with respect to IL-6 induction by LPS. IL-6 mRNA induction by LPS could be detected in only 6 of 20 donor animals. Other inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-beta, and TNF) were readily induced by LPS in alveolar macrophages from both low and high responders. Treatment of low-responder alveolar macrophages with conditioned medium containing IFN-gamma did not significantly alter the capacity of these macrophages to synthesize IL-6 mRNA in response to LPS. Comparison of IL-6 production capacity by the cell types in this study revealed the following order: PBMC = high-responder alveolar macrophages >> TST.cells > low-responder alveolar macrophages. Thus, PBMC appear to be quantitatively the most significant source of IL-6 in swine on a per cell basis.
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PMID:Regulation of interleukin-6 expression in porcine immune cells. 916 22

It has been shown that fluoride, the agent responsible for reduction of dental caries worldwide and a recognized proliferative agent, is an adjuvant when given intragastrically to rats. Furthermore, plasma fluoride levels increase in humans after various fluoride treatments. The studies presented here show that fluoride also has the ability to affect the cells of the human immune system. This was tested by measuring the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on cytokine production by human whole blood cells stimulated in vitro. These studies revealed that NaF augments the human lymphocyte response from human blood to a mitogen (phytohemagglutinin, PHA) or a specific antigen (morbilli antigen from infected cells, MorbAg). The cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), released from activated T and/or NK cells, was significantly (p<0.01) increased when whole blood cells were simultaneously incubated with 0.62 mmol/l NaF and PHA compared to PHA alone. This tendency was also true for NaF and MorbAg. The lymphocyte activation marker interleukin-2 receptor (measured in soluble form) increased after simultaneous stimulation of the cells with PHA and 0.62 mmol/l NaF compared to stimulation with PHA only. However, 0.62 mmol/l NaF did not enhance interleukin-6 release, in blood mainly produced by monocytes. The ability to influence the IFN-gamma release during an immune response could be one of the primary means by which the fluoride ion influences the immune system.
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PMID:Fluoride augments the mitogenic and antigenic response of human blood lymphocytes in vitro. 989 83

ABSTRACT Exon sequences upstream of splice sites play a critical role in mRNA processing, which is dependent on spliceosome interactions with these sites. Using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), we targeted these and other sequences of the proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene because it is multiply spliced and has been difficult to regulate with ODN in the past. ODN targeting exon sequences upstream of the donor splice sites of internal exons 2 (ORF4) and 3 (ORF6) significantly reduced TNF-alpha levels in stimulated U937 cells by 62%+/-7% and 51%+/-9%, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner but did not affect interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. In contrast, ODN targeting the exon sequences downstream of the acceptor splice sites of exons 1, 2, and 3 failed to reduce TNF-alpha levels significantly under the same conditions. End-phosphorothioated ORF4 (ORF4-PE) significantly reduced TNF-alpha mRNA levels by greater than 80% (p < 0.001) and protein levels by 60% (p < 0.001) in U937 cells. ORF4-PE reduced newly synthesized TNF-alpha protein levels by >80% in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human macrophages, by greater than 60% in phorbol myristate acetate/phyto-hemagglutinin (PMA/PHA)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and by approximately 50% in LPS-stimulated murine monocytes. These results suggest that exon sequences flanking donor splice sites are highly susceptible target domains for antisense inhibition of TNF-alpha gene expression.
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PMID:Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting internal exon sequences efficiently regulate TNF-alpha expression. 1035 20

Changes in immune function due to surgical injury have been well-documented. Immunosuppression is one of the causes of infectious complications leading to organ dysfunction in critical illness. It is not known what kind of surgery in the daily clinical practice causes immunosuppression. Stress response and immune function following surgery for esophageal carcinoma, assuming a highly-stressed operation, were studied and then compared with the stress response and immune function following gastric surgery, a moderately-stressed procedure. Forty patients who underwent esophagectomy and 39 patients receiving gastric operation were studied. The concentrations of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured preoperatively, at 1, 2, and 6 h, and at 1, 3, and 10 d after operation. Total protein, serum albumin, rapid turnover protein, serum CRP, and cortisol were measured before operation and at 1, 3, 7, and 21 d after operation. ConA- and PHA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, IgA, IgG, and IgM were also measured preoperatively, and on 7 and 21 d following surgery. The patients were fed exclusively by total parenteral nutrition (TPN). A striking rise of IL-6 was observed, with a peak in both groups at 1 to 6 h following operation. The peak values were 419+/-30 pg/mL, which was approximately twice as high in the esophagectomy patients as in the gastrectomy patients (195+/-40 pg/mL). CRP and cortisol also increased after operation, and these increases were also significantly greater in the esophagectomy patients. ConA- and PHA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation decreased significantly 7 d after esophagectomy (P<0.05), but was unchanged in the patients receiving gastrectomy. Suppression of cellular immunity correlated significantly with serum cortisol, and was preceded by a rise in serum IL-6. The IgA, IgG, and IgM levels, however, remained unchanged from their preoperative values throughout the study in both groups. Nutritional status in terms of serum protein, albumin, and rapid turnover protein, decreased postoperatively, but there was no difference between the two groups. It is, therefore, concluded that cell-mediated immunosuppression, preceded by a hyperinflammatory response, is an observable reaction in patients following esophageal surgery, but not in patients undergoing gastric surgery.
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PMID:Changes in immune function following surgery for esophageal carcinoma. 1050 Dec 89

Anti-CD4 antibodies have been recently introduced into the therapy of various autoimmune diseases, among them systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Their modes of action are not yet fully understood. Interference with cytokine release may be one possible mechanism. Therefore, the effects of anti-CD4 antibodies on the cytokine release of IL-6 (interleukin-6) and TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha) were investigated in a whole blood culture system. Basal and phytohemagglutin/lipopolysaccharide (PHA/LPS)-stimulated cytokine patterns were compared to cytokine release after the addition of anti-CD4 antibodies (MAX.16H5) or methylprednisolone in short time whole blood cell culture systems from 12 patients with active SLE, 23 patients with inactive SLE and 12 healthy volunteers. TNF-alpha and IL-6 concentrations were determined in the supernatants by ELISA. High disease activity correlated with an increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. Cell cultures of patients with inactive SLE showed a diminished capacity to respond to mitogenic stimulation. Anti-CD4 antibodies added in vitro suppressed significantly the unstimulated production of IL-6 (P<0.02) in the cell cultures of patients with active SLE and in the PHA/LPS-stimulated cell cultures from both groups of SLE patients (both P<0.001) and healthy volunteers (P<0.01). However, MAX.16H5 did not affect the release of TNF-alpha. In control samples methylprednisolone considerably reduced stimulated and unstimulated IL-6 and TNF-alpha production in all SLE patients, irrespective of the disease state, and in all healthy controls. These data indicate that the proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. It is assumed that anti-CD4 antibodies, which can be effective in the treatment of highly active lupus patients, may act via their influence on cytokine release. The decrease of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 under therapy with MAX.16H5 could explain the observations of clinical trials and animal studies which showed a reduction of inflammatory parameters and diminished production of autoantibodies following treatment with anti-CD4 antibodies.
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PMID:Effects of anti-CD4 antibodies on the release of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in whole blood samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. 1060 44

We established a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for swine interleukin-6 (SwIL-6), which was applied for detection of SwIL-6 in vitro and in vivo. Anti-SwIL-6 rabbit- and goat-polyclonal antibodies, and monoclonal antibody (mAb) were prepared, conforming that all of the antibodies were reactive with recombinant SwIL-6 by Western blotting and indirect ELISA. A sandwich ELISA was developed using the mAb as a capture antibody and biotinylated goat-polyclonal antibody as a detection antibody. The detection limit of the sandwich ELISA for rSwIL-6 was 49pg/ml and did not show cross-reactivity with swine IL-1b, IL-4, IL-8, IL-18, IL-12, and IFN-g. Using the ELISA, SwIL-6 was detected in culture medium of the monocytes stimulated with PHA-P and PMA, and the plasma or the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of pigs experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae or Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. This ELISA for SwIL-6 may be useful for understanding the role of this cytokine in various swine diseases.
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PMID:Establishment of swine interleukin-6 sandwich ELISA. 1558 88

This study investigated the effects of sugar cane molasses on the immune system, using cytokines as biomarkers. Whole blood cultures, stimulated in vitro with endotoxin or PHA, were incubated with various concentrations of molasses. No cell death occurred in whole blood cultures incubated with molasses samples. The addition of molasses (800 microg/mL) to unstimulated whole blood cultures resulted in increased levels of the biomarker of inflammation, Interleukin-6 (P < 0.001) and also the biomarker of humoral immunity, Interleukin-10 (P < 0.001). Molasses addition (800 microg/mL) to unstimulated whole blood cultures has no effect on the cell mediated immunity biomarker, Interferon gamma secretion. Molasses has no effect on Interleukin-6, Interleukin-10 and Interferon gamma secretion in stimulated whole blood cultures. Immunostimulation by molasses requires further investigation as it may have potential health impacts.
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PMID:The effects of Saccharum officinarium (sugar cane) molasses on cytokine secretion by human blood cultures. 2039 Oct 26


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