Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Attenuation of exercise-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) responses by carbohydrate (CHO) has been demonstrated in studies comparing controlled doses (> or = 0.9 g x kg(-1) x h(-1)) to placebo, but not in studies of voluntary intake. This study sought to determine if attenuation of the IL-6 response during a 32.2-km mountain trail race occurs for high compared to low ad libitum CHO intakes. IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and creatine kinase activity (CK) were analyzed from blood samples collected 12 h pre-, 0, 4, and 24 h post-race. Subjects were grouped into low (n =14, 0.4 +/- 0.1 g x kg(-1) x h(-1)) and high (n =18, 0.8 +/- 0.2 g x kg(-1) x h(-1)) CHO intake groups. IL-6 0 h post-race (P < 0.05) was higher in the low (40.2 +/- 22.7 pg x mL(-1)) compared to the high CHO group (32.7 +/- 22.1 pg x mL(-1)). CRP and CK both increased post-race, but no differences were observed between groups. Attenuation of exercise-induced IL-6 is apparent across a range of CHO intakes.
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PMID:Carbohydrate influences plasma interleukin-6 but not C-reactive protein or creatine kinase following a 32-km mountain trail race. 1667 2

Drug-eluting stents (DESs) deliver biphasic (early and late) elution of anti-inflammatory compounds. We therefore hypothesized that DESs would be associated with early reductions in inflammatory biomarker release after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 741 patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome underwent PCI in the Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Relative PROTECTion against Post-PCI Microvascular Dysfunction and Post-PCI Ischemia among Anti-Platelet and Anti-Thrombotic Agents (PROTECT) Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 30 study of eptifibatide and reduced-dose antithrombin compared with bivalirudin. Serial biomarkers C-reactive protein, troponin, creatine kinase-MB, soluble CD40 ligand, interleukin-6, prothrombin fragment F1.2, and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) were assessed through 24 hours after PCI. DES use was at the investigator's discretion. Patients treated with DESs (n = 665) versus bare metal stents (n = 139) were more likely to have patent arteries before PCI (92.0% vs 86.6%, p = 0.04), Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction myocardial perfusion grade 3 (57.9% vs 47.7%, p = 0.033), and the left anterior descending artery as the culprit artery (38.5% vs 18.3%, p <0.001). The increase in C-reactive protein and troponin was lower among patients undergoing DES implantation (median 2.1 vs 3.5 mg/L for C-reactive protein, median 0.11 vs 0.41 ng/ml for troponin), even after adjustment for randomized treatment, clopidogrel before treatment, diabetes mellitus status, epicardial patency, left anterior descending artery location, and myocardial perfusion (p = 0.036 and p = 0.039, respectively). Interleukin-6 was lower with DESs on univariate analysis but not multivariate analysis. Creatine kinase-MB, soluble sCD40 ligand, prothrombin fragment F1.2, and RANTES did not differ by DES use. In conclusion, patients undergoing DES implantation achieved more reductions in periprocedural markers of inflammation and necrosis than patients receiving bare metal stents among those with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome.
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PMID:Comparison of effects of bare metal versus drug-eluting stent implantation on biomarker levels following percutaneous coronary intervention for non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. 1705 55

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with many disease states in humans. We prospectively sought to determine whether IL-6 levels increased following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the absence of myonecrosis. Additionally, we systematically assessed other clinical and anatomic factors associated with IL-6 levels in a population of patients with coronary atherosclerosis undergoing PCI. Blood samples were collected from 117 patients at baseline, 8 and 16 h following PCI. Samples were assayed for IL-6, creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), troponin-I (Tn-I), high sensitivity C-reactive protein, glucose, haemoglobin A1c, and a lipid profile. Genotyping of the -174G-->C polymorphism of the IL-6 gene was performed. IL-6 levels increased following PCI among the study group (slope = 0.4 pg/mL/h, P = 0.001). IL-6 levels increased to a similar degree in the absence of myonecrosis. Patients with the XC genotype (either having the GC or the CC allele) had higher IL-6-values at baseline compared to GG genotype patients (4.9 +/- 6.4 vs. 2.6 +/- 1.8 pg/mL, P = 0.02). Multivariable predictors of detectable baseline IL-6 levels included XC genotype (odds ratio [OR]: 4.14, 95% CI 1.58-10.82, P = 0.004), ACC/AHA type C lesion classification (OR: 4.08, 95% CI 1.54-10.84, P = 0.005), elevated baseline Tn-I (OR: 3.31, 95% CI 1.16-9.43, P = 0.025), diabetes (OR: 3.00, 95% CI 1.11-8.09, P = 0.030), and waist circumference (OR: 1.49, 95% CI 1.08-2.06, P = 0.015). Predictors of peak IL-6 following PCI included the XC genotype (estimate 1.4, 95% CI 1.06-1.87, P = 0.019), homeostasis model assessment (estimate 0.99, 95% 0.982-0.999, P = 0.042) and baseline Tn-I > upper limit of normal (estimate 0.7, 95% CI 0.50-0.96, P = 0.039). Lastly, IL-6 increased following PCI even in the absence of myonecrosis as measured by Tn-I elevation. IL-6 levels are also related to the -174G-->C polymorphism, arterial injury, lesion complexity, and insulin resistance.
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PMID:Increase in interleukin-6 following arterial injury is related to insulin resistance, the -174G-->C polymorphism and complex plaque morphology. 1698 79

Resumption of normal muscle loading after a period of disuse initiates cellular processes related to mass accretion. The renewed loading also induces a significant amount of muscle damage and subsequent inflammation. Ovarian hormone depletion delays atrophied myofibre mass recovery. Ovarian hormones are also global regulators of immune system function. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ovarian hormone depletion-induced deficits in myofibre regrowth after disuse atrophy are related to the induction of muscle damage and the associated inflammatory response. We hypothesized that soleus muscle immune cell infiltration and inflammatory gene expression would be both accentuated and prolonged in ovarian hormone-depleted rats during the first week of recovery from disuse atrophy. Intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats were subjected to hindlimb suspension for 10 days and then returned to normal ambulation for a recovery period, the rats were killed and the soleus muscle removed for analysis. Although reloading increased both circulating creatine kinase and myofibre membrane disruption, there was no effect of ovarian hormones on these processes during recovery. Muscle neutrophil concentration was increased above baseline regardless of hormone status at days 1 and 3 of recovery; however, this increase was 43% greater at day 3 in the OVX group. Muscle ED1+ and ED2+ macrophage concentrations were increased during recovery in both groups. However, macropage concentrations remained elevated at day 7 of recovery in the OVX group, whereas they returned to control levels in the intact group. Cyclo-oxygenase-2, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1beta muscle mRNA expression increased similarly during recovery, regardless of ovarian hormone status. These results demonstrate that the initial myofibre damage and inflammatory gene expression induced during muscle recovery from disuse atrophy are independent of ovarian hormone status.
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PMID:Ovarian hormone status and skeletal muscle inflammation during recovery from disuse in rats. 1699 Mar 67

Previous studies showed that cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was directly associated with a global activation of the inflammatory response, production of oxygen free radicals, and signs of myocardial injury. We therefore evaluated, in the weakest patients, the biological and clinical benefits of a therapeutic optimization of CPB through the combination of several antiinflammatory procedures. High-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery under CPB were included in this prospective randomized study. Control patients (n = 14) underwent conventional CPB, and treated patients (n = 13) underwent a CPB with Baxter Duraflo II heparin-coated circuits, high doses of aprotinin, and pre-CPB hemofiltration. Usual clinical hemodynamic and biological criteria, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers were measured before, during, and to the second postoperative day. Free radicals were quantified using electronic spin resonance spectroscopy with a spin trap. Significantly lower concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, creatine kinase-MB, I-troponin, lactic acid, and systemic free radicals were observed in the plasma of treated patients. These patients had a reduction of postoperative complications and of the length of stay in the intensive care unit. Therefore, pre-CPB therapeutic optimization can reduce the inflammatory response, lower the level of oxidative stress, and help to ameliorate clinical outcome in high-risk patients.
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PMID:In high-risk patients, combination of antiinflammatory procedures during cardiopulmonary bypass can reduce incidences of inflammation and oxidative stress. 1726 62

Herein, we describe a confirmed case of Loxosceles spider bite that illustrates the critical complications seen in loxoscelism, including skin necrosis, rhabdomyolysis, hemolysis, coagulopathy, acute kidney failure, and electrolyte disorders. Upon initial assessment, laboratory studies revealed the following: the white blood cell count was 29,400 WBCs/mm(3), hemoglobin was 9.2g/dL, and the platelet count was 218,000 cells/mm(3). Coagulation studies revealed the following: international normalized ratio, 1.83; activated partial-thromboplastin time, 62 s; D-dimer, 600 ng/mL (normal range <500 ng/mL); free protein S, 37% (normal range=64-114%); protein C, negative; and antithrombin III, negative. Various serum levels were abnormal: urea, 110 mg/dL; creatinine, 3.1mg/dL; indirect bilirubin, 3.8 mg/dL; creatine kinase, 1631 U/L; lactate dehydrogenase, 6591 U/L; potassium 6.2 mmol/L. Urine tests were positive for hemoglobin and bilirubin. In addition, concentrations of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were notably elevated in the serum. In conclusion, physicians must be alert to the possibility of loxoscelism when a patient presents with the clinical and laboratory findings described above, especially if the patient resides in an endemic area. Advances in our understanding of multiple pathways and mediators that orchestrate the response to Loxosceles venom might reveal new possibilities for the management of loxoscelism.
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PMID:Loxosceles venom-induced cytokine activation, hemolysis, and acute kidney injury. 1792 22

The purpose of this study was to measure the influence of quercetin on plasma cytokines, leukocyte cytokine mRNA, and related variables in ultramarathoners competing in the 160-km Western States Endurance Run (WSER). Sixty-three runners were randomized to quercetin and placebo groups and under double-blinded methods ingested 1000 mg/day quercetin for 3 weeks before the WSER. Thirty-nine of the 63 subjects (n = 18 for quercetin, n = 21 for placebo) finished the race and provided blood samples the morning before the race and 15-30 min postrace. Significant prerace to postrace WSER increases were measured for nine proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory plasma cytokines, cortisol (quercetin = 94%, placebo = 96%), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (mean +/- SE absolute increase, quercetin = 31.8 +/- 4.2, placebo = 38.2 +/- 5.0 mg/L), and creatine kinase (CK) (quercetin = 21,575 +/- 3,977, placebo = 19,455 +/- 3,969 U/L), with no significant group differences. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA did not change post-WSER, with a significant decrease measured for leukocyte IL-8 mRNA (0.21 +/- 0.03-fold and 0.25 +/- 0.04-fold change from rest, quercetin and placebo, respectively) and significant increases for IL-1Ra mRNA (1.43 +/- 0.18-fold and 1.40 +/- 0.16-fold change, quercetin and placebo, respectively) and IL-10 mRNA (12.9 +/- 3.9-fold and 17.2 +/- 6.1-fold change, quercetin and placebo, respectively), with no significant differences between groups. In conclusion, quercetin ingestion (1 g/day) by ultramarathon athletes for 3 weeks before a competitive 160-km race significantly increased plasma quercetin levels but failed to attenuate muscle damage, inflammation, increases in plasma cytokine and hormone levels, and alterations in leukocyte cytokine mRNA expression.
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PMID:Quercetin ingestion does not alter cytokine changes in athletes competing in the Western States Endurance Run. 1818 41

To investigate the effects of allicin supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and antioxidative capacity, a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted in well-trained athletes. Subjects were randomly assigned to an allicin supplementation group (AS group) and a control group, and received either allicin or placebo for 14 days before and 2 days after a downhill treadmill run. Plasma creatine kinase (CK), muscle-specific creatine kinase (CK-MM), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), IL-6, superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidative capacity (TAC), and perceived muscle soreness were measured pre and post exercise. AS group had significantly lower plasma levels of CK, CK-MM and IL-6, and reduced perceived muscle soreness after exercise, when compared with the control group. AS group also demonstrated a trend toward reducing plasma concentration of LDH after exercise (P = 0.08), although not statistically significant. Allicin supplementation induced a higher value of TAC at rest, and this higher value was maintained 48 h after exercise, however, there was no difference in SOD values after exercise between the two groups. The results suggested that allicin might be a potential agent to reduce EIMD. Further studies concerning anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of allicin on EIMD are needed.
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PMID:Effects of allicin supplementation on plasma markers of exercise-induced muscle damage, IL-6 and antioxidant capacity. 1830 54

Low aromatic and dearomatized white spirits (deWS) are often considered less hazardous to health than 'standard' or aromatic white sprit (stdWS, 15-20% aromatics). However, data on health effects of deWS in humans are sparse and controlled exposure studies are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare deWS and stdWS with respect to irritation and inflammation. Six female and six male healthy volunteers were exposed on five occasions in balanced order to 100 or 300 mg m(-3) deWS (0.002% aromatics) or stdWS (19% aromatics), or to clean air, for 4 h at rest. Discomfort in the eyes, nose and throat and breathing difficulty were assessed by ratings on visual analogue scales. The only significant increases in ratings (compared to clean air) were seen for eye irritation at the high stdWS exposure and for solvent smell at all but the low deWS exposure. Excluding smell, all average ratings were at the lower end of the 0-100 mm scale, and did not exceed the verbal expression 'somewhat'. Ratings during stdWS exposure tended to be higher than during deWS exposure. No exposure-related effects on pulmonary function, nasal swelling, nasal airway resistance, breathing frequency, blinking frequency, plasma inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6) or biochemical variables (sodium, potassium, amylase, creatine kinase, urate) were seen. In conclusion, stdWS appears to be slightly more irritating than deWS. This could, however, not be confirmed by objective measurements.
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PMID:Acute effects of exposure to vapours of standard and dearomatized white spirits in humans. 2. Irritation and inflammation. 1908 13

Strenuous, prolonged exercise increases interleukin-6 (IL-6) release. The effect of IL-6 is dependent on the availability of IL-6 receptors. Few studies have addressed the impact of exercise on IL-6 receptor levels or procalcitonin (PCT), an indicator of systemic inflammation. Changes in these molecules may give insight into cytokine-related mechanisms underlying exercise-related fatigue. Thirteen trained male subjects partook in the study. They cycled a total distance of 468 km over 6 days. Blood samples were obtained prior to and immediately following Day 1 of the study and then each morning prior to exercise. Blood samples were analysed for plasma IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), C-reactive protein (CRP), PCT, creatine kinase (CK) and cortisol concentrations. Subjects also completed mood state questionnaires each day prior to exercise. IL-6 was elevated immediately post-exercise on Day 1 but was unchanged at rest for the duration of the event. In contrast, sIL-6R, CRP, PCT and CK concentrations were unchanged immediately post-exercise on Day 1 but were significantly elevated at rest over the duration of the event compared with pre-event baseline. sIL-6R was highly correlated to CRP. Cortisol concentrations remained unchanged at all time points. In conclusion, strenuous, prolonged exercise stimulated an acute phase response which was maintained throughout the 6-day event. sIL-6R increase is associated with CRP and may affect subjective sensations of post-exercise fatigue at rest.
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PMID:The effect of repeated endurance exercise on IL-6 and sIL-6R and their relationship with sensations of fatigue at rest. 1909 16


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