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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An improved knowledge of the initial prognostic factors of multiple myeloma and regular monitoring of the disease should result in the choice of the most effective treatment. The conventional prognostic factors have been divided into three stages by Durie and Salmon. These stages are based on the proportion and type of the monoclonal component, on haemoglobin, calcium and creatinine blood levels and on the extent of bone lesions. However, this widely used classification has certain disadvantages: the size of the tumoral mass is evaluated mainly from the proportion of monoclonal gammopathy, the bone lesions are difficult to determine and the kinetics of cell proliferation are not taken into account. Parameters with high prognostic value have recently been demonstrated; they include beta 2-microglobulin, LDH, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, serum albumin and kinetic of cell proliferation. When associated, these data allow to establish prognostic staying that are at least as relevant as those of the Durie-Salmon's classification. Monitoring of patients with multiple myeloma by means of a time-related curve of either the tumoral mass or the amount of monoclonal gammopathy leads to the best possible treatment.
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PMID:[Prognostic factors and monitoring of myeloma]. 128 67

beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-M) was secreted in a dose- and time-dependent manner after interleukin-6 (IL-6) treatment of human hepatoblastoma (HuH-6) and hepatoma cells (HuH-7). Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, which is one of the acute phase proteins secreted in these cells, was also secreted dose- and time-dependently in HuH-6 cells and dose-dependently in HuH-7 cells. It is conceivable that IL-6 induces the production of beta 2-M as an acute phase protein in the liver.
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PMID:Secretion of beta-2-microglobulin from human hepatoblastoma and hepatoma cells on stimulation with interleukin-6. 132 81

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples of 20 patients with central nervous system manifestations of hematological malignancies including primary cerebral lymphoma (n = 5) and disseminated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 7) were examined for albumin, IgG, IgM, fibronectin, beta 2-microglobulin, interleukin-6, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands. Although a broad range of abnormalities were detected, no reliable CSF parameter for the diagnosis of leptomeningeal spread from hematological neoplasias could be identified. An analysis of 61 repeat lumbar punctures added little to the findings of the first CSF examinations. Currently, immunochemical studies of CSF cell surface markers and early biopsy have probably more clinical value than the determination of the humoral CSF parameters included in this study. However, analysis of cytokine synthesis by single CSF cells using molecular biology techniques may improve the differential diagnosis of hematological neoplasia of the brain and spinal cord in the future.
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PMID:Humoral CSF parameters in the differential diagnosis of hematologic CNS neoplasia. 141 21

We investigated whether day to day changes in the transport characteristics of the peritoneal membrane to macromolecules in patients treated with CAPD, were related to the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the effluent of an overnight dwell. Four stable CAPD patients without peritonitis collected all "nightbags" on consecutive days during 2 months for the determination of peritoneal IgG clearance. Serum samples were obtained weekly. IL-6 was determined in the effluent on all occasions where the IgG clearance was less than mean - SD or greater than mean + SD. On these days clearances of beta 2-microglobulin, albumin and alpha 2-macroglobulin were determined as well, to calculate the peritoneal restriction coefficient, i.e. the slope of the power relationship between protein clearances and their free diffusion coefficient in water. This coefficient was used as a parameter of the intrinsic permeability of the membrane. IL-6 was measured by a sensitive and specific bioassay, using the B13.29, subclone 9.9 hybridoma cell assay. Dialysate IL-6 was measured on 43 occasions when IgG clearance was high and on 37 occasions when IgG clearance was low. In all 4 patients indirect evidence was found for local production of IL-6 within the peritoneal cavity: mean dialysate/serum ratios were 15 to 452 times higher than could be expected when IL-6 would enter the dialysate by diffusion only. The patient with the highest dialysate/serum ratio showed higher clearances of albumin, IgG and alpha 2-macroglobulin than the other 3 patients (p less than 0.001) and a lower restriction coefficient (p less than 0.001), indicating a high intrinsic permeability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Interleukin-6 in CAPD patients without peritonitis: relationship to the intrinsic permeability of the peritoneal membrane. 155 Dec 56

As yet, the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma in the context of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is not completely understood; this is also true for the mechanisms of action of interferon-alpha against this tumour. The present review focuses on recent developments that may provide some further insight into these issues. These include the angiogenesis of the tumour and the possible role of growth factors, such as the HIV-transactivating (tat) gene product and interleukin-6, the possible meaning of immunomodulating activities of interferon-alpha, such as the rise in the number of CD4+ cells and the increase in beta 2-microglobulin serum concentrations in patients whose tumours respond to treatment, and the observed association between interferon's antiretroviral activity and tumour responses.
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PMID:AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma and the mechanisms of interferon alpha's activity; a riddle within a puzzle. 158 54

Multiple myeloma (MM) staging procedures are still inadequate for detection of the optimal therapeutic procedure for an individual patient. The Durie & Salmon staging system and serum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) are used worldwide because of their easy clinical application. Other prognostic parameters, such as myeloma cell proliferative activity, are of exceeding importance, but are not as simple as standard methods. Recently, interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been shown to be a major growth factor for MM. IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine acting on several cell lineages, and, at the hepatocyte level, stimulates the synthesis of acute phase proteins, such as the well known C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Serum CRP concentration actually reflects the IL-6 activity. A survival analysis carried out in 162 MM patients at diagnosis showed that serum CRP level is a highly significant prognostic factor. Moreover, serum CRP was independent of serum beta 2M. This feature allowed stratification of MM patients into 3 groups according to CRP and beta 2M serum levels: (1) low risk group, CRP and beta 2M less than 6 mg/L (50% of patients); (2) intermediate risk group, CRP or beta 2M greater than or equal to 6 mg/L (35% of patients); (3) high risk group, CRP and beta 2M greater than or equal to 6 mg/L (15% of patients). Survival was 54, 27, and 6 months, respectively (P less than .0001). We thus propose a new and powerful myeloma staging system based on simple and reliable laboratory evaluations.
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PMID:C-reactive protein and beta-2 microglobulin produce a simple and powerful myeloma staging system. 163 24

Clinical trials to evaluate the potential of adoptive immunotherapy in cancer patients have been restricted to the use of lymphoid effector cells. Of the other probably even more important host defense system against tumor growth, the mono-nuclear phagocyte system, only monocytes (mo) have been reinfused which, however, represent immature precursor cells and acquire full functional competence only upon further maturation. This is a report on 7 patients who received autologous macrophages (MO) grown in vitro from blood mo and activated by interferon-gamma (IFN gamma). Mononuclear cells were isolated from whole blood by cytapheresis and cultured for 7 days with 2% autologous serum on hydrophobic Teflon foils. Eighteen house before cell harvest, recombinant human IFN gamma was added at 200 IU/ml. Mo-derived MO were purified by counter-current elutriation. Starting with 10(8) MO cells, therapy was escalated up to the maximal number of MO obtainable from one single preparation cycle. Currently, 26 therapies have been performed with the maximal dose being 1.7 x 10(9) MO per infusion. Except for low grade fever (less than 38 degrees C), MO autografts were well tolerated, with no side effects observed. Biological response was followed by analyzing the serum levels of beta 2-microglobulin, neopterin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, and lysozyme. While in 3 out of 7 patients serum neopterin increased in response to MO therapy, other biological response parameters remained at pretreatment levels. Radiolabeled MO were shown to first accumulate in the lungs, then to pool into liver and spleen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A new approach to adoptive immunotherapy of cancer using tumorcytotoxic macrophages grown from peripheral blood monocytes. 175 53

Our aim was to evaluate the role of three different variables in the activation of the monocyte system: dialysis membrane (cuprophane or polyacrylonitrile), dialysate (acetate or bicarbonate), and procedure (standard or high-flux haemodialysis). By ELISA test we measured the 'in vivo' intracellular (monocyte-associated) production and extracellular release of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-6 (Il-6) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-M) by monocytes from 20 uraemic patients before and after the dialysis session. At the beginning of the dialysis session, uraemic patients' cultured monocytes spontaneously released a greater amount of TNF alpha, Il-6 and beta 2-M compared to normal controls. However, no differences in cytokine and beta 2-M were observed in monocyte lysate between the two groups. At the end of the dialysis session, cultured monocytes from patients treated with cellulosic membranes and acetate dialysate showed greater TNF alpha values than normal controls (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05 respectively). Moreover, TNF alpha and Il-6 values were strictly correlated (P less than 0.05). These results clearly show an activation of the monocyte system in uraemic patients undergoing periodic haemodialysis. The implicated factors may be multiple, such as complement activating cellulosic membranes or acetate dialysate. The production of TNF alpha, Il-6 and beta 2-M may explain some of the pathological findings observed in long-term haemodialysis patients.
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PMID:Involvement of peripheral blood monocytes in haemodialysis: in vivo induction of tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 and beta 2-microglobulin. 186 63

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in the regulation of the terminal differentiation pathway of B lymphocytes. Recent reports revealed its potential role in the in vitro and in vivo growth of human multiple myeloma cells. The mechanism, however, by which IL-6 triggers proliferation of malignant plasma cells remains controversial. Using the very sensitive 7TD 1 bioassay we quantified endogenous circulating IL-6 levels in serum samples of 104 patients suffering from monoclonal gammopathies and other hematological disorders [47 with multiple myeloma (MM), 24 with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS), 8 with myeloproliferative disease, and 25 suffering from low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)]. Elevated serum levels of IL-6 (greater than 5 pg/ml) were detected in 42% of the patients with MM, in 13% with MGUS, in 15% with low-grade B-NHL, and in 1 patient with T-NHL. In patients suffering from chronic myeloproliferative diseases, IL-6 levels were within the normal range. In patients with myeloma, IL-6 levels were significantly higher at advanced stages (II/III) or with progressive disease than in patients with MM stage I, MGUS, or at the plateau phase (P less than 0.01). In patients with monoclonal gammopathies including MGUS, serum IL-6 levels correlated with neopterin, tumor necrosis factor alpha and beta 2-microglobulin. An inverse correlation was found with hemoglobin levels. From these results, we propose that in myeloma patients serum IL-6 levels may reflect disease activity and tumor cell mass. The correlation with serum neopterin, a macrophage product, also suggests its origin in an activated immune system.
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PMID:Serum levels of interleukin-6 in multiple myeloma and other hematological disorders: correlation with disease activity and other prognostic parameters. 203 68

In a group of 111 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) comprising a group of 34 patients examined when the diagnosis was established and a group of 77 patients evaluated in different stages of the disease, the author examined the relationship between the interleukin-6 serum level (IL-6), assessed by the method of enzyme immunoanalysis and selected laboratory indicators of the disease. Elevated IL-6 values were recorded in 38% of the patients. In neither of the groups significant relations were found between IL-6 and calcium, urea, creatinine levels, the amount and type of monoclonal immunoglobulin, lacticode dehydrogenase, beta 2-microglobulin, ferritin, IL-2 and its soluble receptor in serum and the incidence of myeloma plasmocytes in bone marrow. In the second (but not in the first) group a significant relationship was recorded between IL-6 levels and the red cell sedimentation rate, the Hb value, the CRP level and serum albumin and the value of thymidinekinase in serum of patients with a value beyond the normal range. From the investigation ensues that examination of IL-6 serum levels in MM contributes so far mainly to improvement of the diagnosis and expedient classification of this disease in clinical practice.
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PMID:[Serum interleukin-6 in multiple myeloma: I. Relation to selected laboratory indicators of disease]. 748 49


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