Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated whether day to day changes in the transport characteristics of the peritoneal membrane to macromolecules in patients treated with CAPD, were related to the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the effluent of an overnight dwell. Four stable CAPD patients without peritonitis collected all "nightbags" on consecutive days during 2 months for the determination of peritoneal IgG clearance. Serum samples were obtained weekly. IL-6 was determined in the effluent on all occasions where the IgG clearance was less than mean - SD or greater than mean + SD. On these days clearances of beta 2-microglobulin, albumin and alpha 2-macroglobulin were determined as well, to calculate the peritoneal restriction coefficient, i.e. the slope of the power relationship between protein clearances and their free diffusion coefficient in water. This coefficient was used as a parameter of the intrinsic permeability of the membrane. IL-6 was measured by a sensitive and specific bioassay, using the B13.29, subclone 9.9 hybridoma cell assay. Dialysate IL-6 was measured on 43 occasions when IgG clearance was high and on 37 occasions when IgG clearance was low. In all 4 patients indirect evidence was found for local production of IL-6 within the peritoneal cavity: mean dialysate/serum ratios were 15 to 452 times higher than could be expected when IL-6 would enter the dialysate by diffusion only. The patient with the highest dialysate/serum ratio showed higher clearances of albumin, IgG and alpha 2-macroglobulin than the other 3 patients (p less than 0.001) and a lower restriction coefficient (p less than 0.001), indicating a high intrinsic permeability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Interleukin-6 in CAPD patients without peritonitis: relationship to the intrinsic permeability of the peritoneal membrane. 155 Dec 56

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) induces a series of metabolic and endocrine effects. Activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, inhibition of food and water intake, elevation of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration and hypoglycemia are some of the effects induced by IL-1. The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of these effects following central and peripheral administration of IL-1 beta. Different doses of IL-1 beta (0.1-1000 ng/mouse) were centrally (ICV) or peripherally (IP) injected to male mice two hours prior to sacrifice. The ICV administration was more efficacious than the IP injection in elevating serum corticosterone and IL-6 concentrations, whereas no difference was evident in the IL-1 beta-induced hypoglycemia. Central IL-1 beta administration was also more potent than IP injection in inhibiting overnight food and water intake. A dose-dependent effect was evident in all these cases. In summary, our data compare effects elicited by central or peripheral administration of different doses of IL-1 beta. This comparison suggests that the IL-1 beta stimulation of serum corticosterone and IL-6 and inhibition of food and water intake are events more centrally mediated than the IL-1 beta-induced hypoglycemia.
 ...
PMID:Evidence for a different sensitivity to various central effects of interleukin-1 beta in mice. 159 38

This study characterized selected aspects of the acute phase response after intranasal inoculation of mice with two doses of mouse-adapted influenza virus differing in lethality. Mice given 140 plaque-forming units (PFU) of virus (58% survival) gradually decreased food and water intake to nearly zero over 6 days; survivors then slowly increased intakes. Declines in these behaviors were parallel to decreases in body temperature and general locomotor activity and were associated with elevated activities of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferons in lung lavage fluid. Circulating levels of these cytokines were not increased. After 55,000 PFU of virus (100% mortality), food and water intake fell to near zero within 48 h, temperature and locomotor activity decreased significantly, and activities of IL-1 and IL-6 were elevated in lung lavage fluid. These data show that cytokine activities in the lungs are elevated in a time frame that supports the hypothesis that cytokines could mediate behavioral and physiological changes in mice during acute influenza infections.
 ...
PMID:Cytokines and the acute phase response to influenza virus in mice. 753 Sep 28

The equilibrium denaturation of an Escherichia coli-derived recombinant murine interleukin-6 (mIL-6) was studied using fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The urea-induced unfolding of mIL-6 at pH 4.0 can be described by a two-state unfolding mechanism based on the superimposibility of the CD and fluorescence unfolding transitions. Assuming a two-state mechanism and a linear dependence of the free energy of unfolding on denaturant concentration, a value of 6.9-9.0 kcal/mol was calculated for the free energy of unfolding in the absence of denaturant [delta GU(H2O)]. However, when GuHCl was used as a denaturant at pH 4.0, a biphasic unfolding transition was observed. This unfolding transition has a distinct midpoint occurring at 2.5 M GuHCl, which is indicative of the formation of stable folding intermediates. Similar intermediate folded species were also observed at pH 7.4 when either urea or GuHCl were used as denaturants. The intermediate folded states of mIL-6 exhibited a tendency to aggregate, as judged by the concentration dependence of their fluorescence characteristics. The fluorescence emission maximum of mIL-6 at pH 7.4 in the presence of 1.5 M GuHCl, for example, was blue-shifted from 343 nm at a protein concentration of 50 micrograms/mL to 336 nm at 500 micrograms/mL. Intermediate formation at pH 4.0, using 10 mM sodium acetate buffer and urea as the denaturant, was facilitated by the addition of 0.4 and 0.8 M salt, where the salt was either NaCl or GuHCl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Equilibrium denaturation of recombinant murine interleukin-6: effect of pH, denaturants, and salt on formation of folding intermediates. 754 97

To eliminate the cytokines and leukocytes-induced proteases which could cause the multisystem organ failure postoperatively, we performed a preliminary hemodialysis to the priming solution and a continuous hemodialysis during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) in 5 children (HD group), and neither hemodialysis in another 5 children (Control group). We measured the plasma level of Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and leukocyte elastase (Ease) to evaluate the efficiency of these hemodialysis. Urine level of alpha 1-microglobulin (MG), beta 2-MG, urine volume, water balance and perfusion pressures during ECC were also measured to evaluate its protective effect for the renal function. IL-1 level significantly decreased in HD group 1 and 12 hours after operation. Not only IL-6 and Ease during ECC but also alpha 1- and beta 2-MG 1 hour after operation decreased in HD group so hemodialysis could be useful to eliminate the cytokines. Ease and could protect the renal function. Water balance and perfusion pressures also obtained good results with these hemodialysis. Plasma osmolality and glucose level changed within the normal range in HD group, conversely over the normal range in control group. We conclude this method is useful for neonatal, ECC.
 ...
PMID:[Efficiency of the preliminary and continuous hemodialysis at open heart surgery in infants and children]. 761 27

Hepatic zinc uptake and accumulation were compared in freshly isolated and cultured hepatocytes prepared from control (MT+/+) and metallothionein (MT)-null (MT-/-) mice. In freshly isolated hepatocytes, rapid (10-15 min) exchange of 65Zn was proportional to the Zn concentration in the medium and occurred to the same extent in hepatocytes from MT+/+ and MT-/- mice. In 24 h culture experiments with MT+/+ and MT-/- hepatocytes it was shown that approx. 40% of newly acquired cell-associated Zn was attached to the cell surface and not internalized. In MT+/+ and MT-/- hepatocyte cultures, internalized Zn (intZn) increased in proportion to extracellular Zn. Zn accumulation in MT-/- hepatocytes was only 60% that of MT+/+ cells. Addition of 1 microM dexamethasone (Dex) and recombinant mouse interleukin-6 (IL-6; 100 units/ml) increased MT accumulation by 8.6-fold in MT+/+ hepatocytes (at 50 microM Zn) and there was an associated parallel increase in intZn. Dex and IL-6 did not increase intZn in the MT-/- hepatocytes. At 16 h after an intraperitoneal injection of 5 micrograms/g Zn, plasma and urine Zn concentrations were 69 +/- 10 microM and 86 +/- 25 microM respectively in MT-/- mice (n = 10) and 27 +/- 1 microM and 23 +/- 4 microM respectively in MT+/+ controls (n = 9) (P < 0.001, plasma; P < 0.05, urine). Hepatic cytosolic Zn concentrations doubled in MT+/+ mice and increased by a significant 15% in MT-/- mice. There was no increase in hepatic Zn (dry wt.) concentrations or in total hepatic Zn, demonstrating that the increase in cytosolic Zn in MT-/- mice was due to hepatic water loss rather than net Zn uptake. It appears that even at extreme plasma concentrations of Zn, little if any accumulates within the liver when there is no MT available for its sequestration. That this is not fully demonstrated in vitro is probably due to nature of cell culture, where organ architecture is lost and the external protein binding milieu is less complex.
 ...
PMID:Hepatic zinc in metallothionein-null mice following zinc challenge: in vivo and in vitro studies. 761 65

Following exposure to Helicobacter pylori cells, epithelial cell lines secreted interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 but not tumor necrosis factor alpha. Purified IL-6 alone did not stimulate IL-8 production from the cell lines tested, indicating that IL-6 was not an intermediary in IL-8 induction. Enhanced IL-8 secretion occurred in a time- and dose-dependent manner. None of 12 antibiotics tested exhibited a significant effect on IL-8-inducing activity, suggesting that preformed antigens were responsible for stimulating IL-8 secretion in vitro. Live bacterial cells caused the highest level of stimulation. Proteinase-digested and heated (56 or 100 degrees C) cells had significantly reduced stimulatory activities. Purified H. pylori lipopolysaccharide, but not exopolysaccharide, stimulated low-level secretion of IL-8, but only at high concentrations, while a water-extracted H. pylori antigen preparation was strongly stimulatory for HEp-2 cells. No reduction in IL-8-stimulatory activity was observed for H. pylori mutants negative for urease activity, production of a major lipoprotein, and motility. The noncytotoxic strain CCUG 915 stimulated lower IL-8 levels than other isolates. However, the otherwise isogenic cytotoxin-negative mutant 17874 delta vacA (S. H. Phadnis, D. Ilver, L. Janzon, S. Normark, and T. U. Westblom, Infect. Immun. 62:1557-1565, 1994) had the same IL-8-stimulatory ability as the parent strain, suggesting that surface proteins other than the vacuolating cytotoxin are involved in IL-8 stimulation.
 ...
PMID:Stimulation of interleukin-8 production in epithelial cell lines by Helicobacter pylori. 772 79

The pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) controls both the peripheral and central components of the acute-phase response. These activities are mediated via the IL-6 membrane receptor, but probably also via agonistic soluble IL-6 receptors (sIL-6Rs). In the present study we conducted dose-response experiments with rats that were intracerebroventricularly i.c.v.) injected with recombinant human IL-6 and sIL-6R and determined body temperature, locomotor activity, food intake, and water consumption using radiotelemetry and continuous recordings of feeding and drinking. IL-6 injected i.c.v. at 1, 10, and 100 ng increased body temperature and decreased locomotor activity and food intake, but it did not affect water consumption. When 10 ng sIL-6R, which lacked detectable biological activity, was injected i.c.v. 1 h before 1 ng IL-6, the central effects of IL-6 were enhanced and prolonged, and this was not due to endotoxin contamination of the recombinant proteins. Our data suggest that IL-6 plays an important role in the regulation of body temperature, general activity, and food intake in sick animals. Moreover, we have shown for the first time that it is possible to potentiate the effects of a mediator in vivo by administration of the corresponding receptor, which is a novel pharmacological tool for increasing receptor capacity.
 ...
PMID:Soluble interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor augments central effects of IL-6 in vivo. 776 58

This study investigated whether the 21-aminosteroid U74389F, an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, attenuates pathophysiologic changes in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Infected rats injected intravenously with vehicle of [corrected] U74389F developed increases in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), intracranial pressure (ICP), brain water content, and white blood cells (WBC) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within 8 h after intracisternal challenge. Pretreatment with or administration of U74389F 4 h after infection significantly reduced the increase in ICP but had no effect on rCBF increase. Moreover, U74389F pretreatment significantly reduced brain water content and CSF WBC count. In vitro, U74389F inhibited iron-dependent lipid peroxidation of astrocyte cultures and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and nitric oxide by stimulated macrophages. These data suggest that U74389F modulates early pathophysiologic alterations in experimental pneumococcal meningitis.
 ...
PMID:Protective effect of a 21-aminosteroid during experimental pneumococcal meningitis. 779

A subclone (clone 20) of chemically induced, murine colon adenocarcinoma with a potent ability to induce cachexia and another subclone (clone 5) without such an activity were transplanted to syngeneic mice (CDF1) and their tissue weights, blood components and cytokine levels in sera were compared. Mice transplanted with clone 20 showed a profound body-weight loss by 15 days after inoculation when the tumor accounted for less than 1% of the body weight, along with marked reduction of food and water intakes. Thereafter, they transiently gained in body weight with restoration of food and water intakes. Thus, the change in body weight was biphasic and not proportional to the tumor size. Body fat was lost preferentially, accompanied with a decrease in plasma triglyceride levels. The thymus contracted remarkably, and the peripheral lymphocyte count decreased extensively. Mice transplanted with clone 5, in contrast, did not show any of these changes characteristic of cachexia. Serum concentration of interleukin-6, which has been proposed as the principal inducer of cachexia in mice with colon 26, increased in mice with clone 5 to levels comparable to those in mice with clone 20. The changes in mice bearing clone 20 could not all be explained in terms of known biological activities of interleukin-6. Additional unknown factors, therefore, are presumed to contribute to cachexia in mice with clone 20. Identification of them should be helpful in the care of cachectic patients.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of mice bearing subclones of colon 26 adenocarcinoma disqualifies interleukin-6 as the sole inducer of cachexia. 782 97


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>