Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of endogenously mediated fever and exogenous hyperthermia as modulators of immune functions remains poorly understood. It is known that fever is mediated by several cytokines, including interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and the interferons. The present communication examines the effect of exogenous hyperthermia on the detection of these cytokines and shows the suppressive effect of elevated temperature (39 degrees) on the amount of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IFN-gamma (P less than 0.001) but not on IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha concentrations. It is suggested that a negative feedback mechanism exists between temperature and the production of some of the molecules involved in the mediation of fever. It is known that hyperthermia increases the proliferative response of lymphocytes. We found a twofold increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation at 39 degrees compared to 37 degrees. The distribution of cells expressing CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD16, CD19 and CD25 markers was the same at 37 degrees and 39 degrees.
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PMID:Effects of in vitro hyperthermia on the proliferative response of blood mononuclear cell subsets, and detection of interleukins 1 and 6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma. 190 20

The cellular requirements for B cell hyperactivity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied. Removal of either CD8+ or CD4+ lymphocyte markedly decreased the spontaneous in vitro production of polyclonal IgG and of antigen-specific (anti-double-stranded DNA and antinucleoprotein) antibodies by SLE peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The CD8+ lymphocytes that sustained IgG production were CD3+, HLA-DR+, and their activity was abrogated by preincubation with anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody. When both CD4+ and CD8+ cells were removed, the readdition of either subset partially restored polyclonal IgG production, but both cell subsets were required to reconstitute autoantibody production. Purified SLE B cell cultures, which generated only 15% of the IgG produced by unseparated PBMC, were fully reconstituted only by mixtures of CD4+ with CD8+ cells, and with CD8-, CD4-, CD16+ cells. At least part of the support for spontaneous IgG production can be attributed to endogenous interleukin-2 and interleukin-6.
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PMID:CD8+ lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus sustain, rather than suppress, spontaneous polyclonal IgG production and synergize with CD4+ cells to support autoantibody synthesis. 197 76

Administration of recombinant interleukin-6 (IL-6) was found to induce in vivo generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against syngeneic transplantable erythroleukemia (FBL-3) in lymph node cells and peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) in C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, 15 out of 16 C57BL/6 mice injected with 5 x 10(6) viable FBL-3 cells survived on day 100 when they were treated with 5 x 10(4) U of recombinant IL-6 three times a day on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 after the inoculation of tumor cells (the cure rate was 94%). Cured mice could reject the tumor cells rapidly after the re-inoculation of a large number of live FBL-3 cells. In contrast, all normal mice died of tumor development by day 10. In these cured mice, FBL-3-specific CD4-8+ CTL cells were found to be generated in PEC, spleen and lymph node cells by either in vivo or in vitro re-stimulation with FBL-3 cells, but lymphokine-activated killer cells never developed. The results suggested that the anti-tumor effect of IL-6 was mediated by in vivo induction of tumor-specific CTL.
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PMID:The in vivo anti-tumor effect of human recombinant interleukin-6. 212 76

Four continuous cell lines of human microglial cells were obtained by transfection of enriched cultures of human embryonic brain-derived macrophages with a plasmid encoding for the large T antigen of SV40. The transformed cells had the macrophagic characteristics of adherence and intra-cytoplasmic non-specific esterase activity. They could phagocytize zymosan particles but the phagocytic activity remained low. They expressed several macrophagic antigens but not the monocytic markers CD14, CD4, CD68/Ki-M6 and CD11c. The cells could be activated to express class II major histocompatibility complex antigens after interferon-gamma activation. Finally, interleukin-6 was produced spontaneously by the cells and this production was further increased after interleukin-1 alpha stimulation.
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PMID:Establishment of human microglial cell lines after transfection of primary cultures of embryonic microglial cells with the SV40 large T antigen. 747 61

The effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on cytokine profile was evaluated in a case of severe congenital neutropenia. The plasma levels of cytokines were measured before and during rhG-CSF therapy. These included G-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-4, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) was measured serially during rhG-CSF therapy. Lymphocyte subpopulations including CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD20, and CD25 were also measured, rhG-CSF was administered once daily as a 30-min infusion. The patient was treated with increasing dose levels of 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1,600 micrograms/m2/day. The level of endogenous G-CSF was elevated to 334 pg/ml before treatment and GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-3, and IL-6 were slightly elevated. Clinically, he showed a moderate response to a high dose of rhG-CSF (1,600 micrograms/m2/day). Plasma levels of G-CSF markedly increased during therapy but plasma levels of other cytokines did not show significant changes during therapy and lymphocyte subpopulations did not significantly change. A drastic increase in sIL-2R expression was observed after rhG-CSF infusion and an increase in sIL-2R expression occurred even before a major increase in granulocyte counts. These results showed that a high dose rhG-CSF therapy may influence the cytokine network as judged by the increased sIL-2R expression.
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PMID:Cytokine profile during high-dose rhG-CSF therapy in severe congenital neutropenia. 750 1

A possible correlation between the pathogenicity of autoimmune T cells and their lymphokine production, expression of functional adhesion molecules and expression of some surface antigens was examined. We used four retinal antigen-specific Lewis rat T cell lines and sublines: one specific to the major pathogenic epitope of the human retinal soluble antigen (S-Ag; residues 337-356), and three specific to the major pathogenic epitope of the bovine interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP; residues 1177-1191). The lines have different degrees of uveitogenicity, from highly pathogenic to nonpathogenic. All four T cell lines produced roughly equivalent amounts of interferon-gamma, lymphotoxin/tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha/beta), interleukin-3, interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-beta. Interleukin-4 activity could not be detected. The lines also expressed similar levels of functional adhesion molecules, as measured by binding to cultured rat aorta endothelial cells. The nonpathogenic subline, however, was the lowest responder to antigenic stimulation with respect to proliferation and interleukin-2 production. Examination of cell surface antigens showed that in contrast to the other lines, the majority of cells in the nonpathogenic subline lacked detectable expression of CD4. No difference was found in the level of expression of the IL-2 receptor and T cell antigen receptor among the four lines. Because CD4 is the restricting element in these lines, reduced CD4 expression in the nonpathogenic subline may at least partially explain its poor response in vitro to antigenic stimulation. All three attributes could be connected to lack of pathogenicity of this line in vivo. These results support the contention that class II-restricted recognition of autoantigen within the neuroretina by uveitogenic T lymphocytes must occur as an initial step in the pathogenesis of EAU. A defect in this step will preclude pathogenesis regardless of some other functional attributes possessed by effector T cells, such as production of inflammatory lymphokines and expression of adhesion molecules.
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PMID:Uveitogenic T lymphocytes in the rat: pathogenicity vs. lymphokine production, adhesion molecules and surface antigen expression. 752 41

Leucocyte functions and the influence of chemoradiotherapy were examined in three age groups of patients with oral cancer. The groups consisted of 66 patients below 65 years old (group A): 40 patients between 65 and 80 years old (group B); 20 patients over 80 years old (group C). 20 healthy individuals (45.8 +/- 9.6 years old) were chosen as controls. Originally, no significant differences in leucocyte count, CD3 population, CD4/CD8 ratio, natural killer activity or phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) were found in the patients. However, T cell blastogenesis, lymphokine-activated killer cell activity and superoxide production of PMNL were all suppressed. These functions were further suppressed by cancer therapy, the greatest suppression being seen in group C. Compared to controls and group A, the generation of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were markedly suppressed in group C. These results show that very old cancer patients are already in an immunologically suppressed condition and that the leucocyte functions of these patients are further impaired by cancer therapy.
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PMID:Influence of aging and chemoradiotherapy on leucocyte function in oral cancer patients. 763 87

This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that, in chronic hepatitis (CH), inflammatory processes, including viral replication, host immune response, and hepatocyte destruction, are regulated by a cytokine network in the liver. Expression of the mRNA of the cytokines IL1-beta, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma, the lymphocyte markers CD4 and CD8, and the HLA class I molecule, beta 2-microglobulin (B2MG) in the liver tissue of 20 CH(C) cases and 9 CH(B) patients was investigated by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. TNF-alpha, CD4, and B2MG mRNA were detected in 100% of cases of in both CH(B) and CH(C). The expression rates of IL1-beta, IL2, IL4, IFN-gamma, and CD8 mRNA were 80%, 40%, 25%, 40%, and 80% in CH(C) and 88.9%, 44.5%, 30%, 55.6%, and 100% in CH(B). IL6 mRNA was detected only in CH(B), in 22.2% of cases, IL5 mRNA was not detected in either CH(B) or CH(C). IL2, IL4, and IFN-gamma mRNA were expressed significantly more frequently in patients who had high serum ALT and a high histological activity index (HAI) score. There was no difference in cytokine expression between CH(B) and CH(C), except in IL6, suggesting the existence of a common immunopathogenesis for CH(B) and CH(C). In chronic viral hepatitis, IL1-beta and TNF-alpha appear to play a major role in immune responses and IL2, IL4, and IFN-gamma seem to be associated with increased cytotoxic T cell response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Expression rate of cytokine mRNA in the liver of chronic hepatitis C: comparison with chronic hepatitis B. 771 13

Nearly 2,500 new cases of metastatic renal cell carcinoma are diagnosed in France every year. Only immunotherapy has demonstrated some therapeutic responses, owing to antitumoral activity of T lymphocytes, CDS and also CD4. This review illustrates results from different therapeutic regimen with interferon alpha, interleukin-2 (intravenous or subcutaneous), alone or in association, and adoptive immunotherapy with in vitro activated lymphocytes. Response rates ranged from 15 to 30%, with a 10% complete response rate. High level of serum interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein predicted unfavorable evolution and lack of response to immunotherapy. Improvement in the response rate needs the selection of patients who are potentially responder and new therapeutic association, especially interleukin-2, interferon alpha and 5-fluoro-uracil.
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PMID:[The role of immunotherapy in metastatic cancer of the kidney]. 773 Jun 69

Some aspects of humoral and cell-mediated immunity and the capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of fourteen elderly persons with idiopathic anorexia to produce several cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma), were studied and the results were compared with those obtained in a control group of ten age-matched, normal weight healthy subjects. In addition, spontaneous and induced production of these cytokines was also measured in cultures of PBMCs of fourteen healthy young individuals as a control group of age. A significant decrease in CD2 (pan T-cells) and CD4 (T-helper) lymphocyte subpopulations, but unchanged CD8 (T-suppressor) subset, and a reduced response in delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity tests were observed in senile underweight anorectic patients. Monocyte counts did not show significant differences between patients and control subjects. The spontaneous release by PBMCs of all the cytokines measured did not differ between the anorectic and either the elderly or young control group. A significant increase in IL-6 production after mitogen stimulation with tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) after 24 and 48 h of culture, as well as a greater induced TNF alpha production after 48 h of incubation with the same mitogens, was found in the anorectic patients as compared with the elderly controls. However, stimulated production of both IL-1 beta with TPA and of IFN gamma with PHA did not differ significantly between anorectics and aged controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cell-mediated immune response and cytokine production in idiopathic senile anorexia. 773 Dec 74


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