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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a potent mitogen for mature hepatocytes, has been considered to act as a hepatotropic factor for liver regeneration. We examined the effect of HGF on albumin synthesis and DNA synthesis of adult rat hepatocytes cultured at various cell densities. HGF stimulated albumin synthesis of hepatocytes by 40-60% when they were cultured at higher cell densities such that there was tight cell-cell contact. But at lower cell densities HGF failed to stimulate albumin synthesis. In contrast, the stimulatory effect of HGF on DNA synthesis of hepatocytes was more potent at lower than at higher cell densities: HGF did not stimulate DNA synthesis of hepatocytes cultured at confluent cell density. Thus, HGF seems to stimulate both albumin synthesis and DNA synthesis of hepatocytes, in a reciprocal relationship depending on cell density. When the effects of various cytokines were examined, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha, and acidic fibroblast growth factor also stimulated albumin synthesis by 20-30%. However, transforming growth factor-beta 1, basic fibroblast growth factor, and interleukin-1 beta had no effect on albumin synthesis, while interleukin-6 inhibited it by 42%. Thus HGF was the most potent in stimulating albumin synthesis in these cytokines. Since HGF is markedly increased in the liver or plasma following various liver insults, HGF may be involved in liver regeneration through the potential to stimulate both cell growth and liver-specific functions such as albumin synthesis in a cell density-dependent manner.
J Biochem 1992 Sep
PMID:Cell density-dependent regulation of albumin synthesis and DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes by hepatocyte growth factor. 142 19

It has been demonstrated that the initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is associated with an increase in the circulating plasma levels of inflammatory mediators. We have expanded the study of these substances to include measurements of complement activation, prostaglandin production, endotoxin appearance, oxygen-derived free radical generation, and cytokine release before, during, and after ECMO. A reproducible second phase of complement activity and prostaglandin synthesis was associated with the appearance of detectable circulating endotoxin (0.04 U/mL pre-ECMO to 0.07 U/mL at 36 hours, P less than .05). Oxygen-derived free radical activity also increased (2 ng/mL to 3 ng/mL at 36 hours, P less than .05), as did plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (40 pg/mL to 70 pg/mL at 36 hours, nonsurvivor group: P less than .05). Interleukin-1 was elevated above normal, but there were no significant variations noted during the time period studied. Small amounts of interleukin-6 were also detected in the occasional patient. None of these mediators differed significantly between survivors and nonsurvivors. These data indicate that ECMO is associated with a previously undescribed, endotoxin-related, generalized inflammatory state after 36 hours of support. The pulmonary, renal, and cardiac dysfunctions documented with prolonged bypass can all be related to a classic sepsis syndrome.
J Pediatr Surg 1992 Sep
PMID:Elevated levels of endotoxin, oxygen-derived free radicals, and cytokines during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. 143 29

Stromal cells of bone marrow origin produce a variety of known cytokines and some factors exhibiting apparently new biological activities. Several of these were identified by the study of cell to cell interactions and were not found in detectable amounts in media conditioned by the cells. We describe here a culture system that enables the release of stromal cytokines into medium free of any added proteins and supplemented with peptides from casein hydrolysate (0.1%). The absence of serum proteins allows extensive concentration and monitoring of activities that are otherwise undetectable. Stromal cells of the MBA-2.1 clonal cell line were seeded in a stationary bed reactor packed with a carrier of non-woven fabric matrix. After a proliferation phase with serum containing medium, the cells were maintained for over 10 months in protein-free medium. Throughout this extended incubation in the absence of serum or serum replacing proteins, stromal cells retained their viability and continuously released transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and restrictin-P, a cytotoxic factor that specifically arrested the growth of plasmacytoma cells. In addition, interleukin-6 (IL-6) was first undetectable, and later in culture its titer reached a maximum of 180,000 international units (IU)/ml. Concomitantly, the production of restrictin-P diminished and reached its lowest levels at the end of 10 months. The results may imply a possible causal relationship between the expression of IL-6 and restrictin-P, since no similarly significant changes were observed in the titers of M-CSF and TGF-beta. This novel bioreactor system may be adaptable for efficient production of different cytokines under absolute serum-free conditions.
Int J Cell Cloning 1992 Sep
PMID:Dynamic changes in cytokine secretion by stromal cells during prolonged maintenance under protein-free conditions. 145 17

Vascular endothelium produces and/or interferes with various cytokines. Previous studies have demonstrated interactions of these inflammatory and immunological mediators with oxygen-derived free radicals. The present work examines the relationship between hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and cytokine production by cultured endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers were incubated for 24 h in normoxia or submitted to 5 h hypoxia/19 h reoxygenation. Then, interleukin-1 (IL-1) alpha and beta, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were measured in culture supernatants by specific enzyme immunoassays and bioassays, respectively. Under these conditions, the spontaneous production of IL-1 and IL-6, detected in normoxic HUVEC, greatly increased after H/R treatment. The observed enhancement was cycloheximide-sensitive and, consequently, reflected a de novo protein synthesis. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase prevented H/R-induced IL-1 and IL-6 increase. These results constitute the first demonstration that H/R stimulates HUVEC to promote IL-1 and IL-6 production and strongly suggest a role for oxygen-derived free radicals in the cytokine synthesis.
Agents Actions 1992 Sep
PMID:Hypoxia/reoxygenation stimulates endothelial cells to promote interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 production. Effects of free radical scavengers. 145 74

A case of cervical cancer of the uterine producing interleukin-6(IL-6) in a patient who suffered from Raynaud's phenomenon is described. Her serum contained anti SS-A antibody. The cancer was removed surgically. High level of IL-6 activity was detected in the culture supernatant of the resected cancer cells. After operation, Raynaud's phenomenon had improved and anti SS-A antibody had disappeared. This case shows us that IL-6 produced by malignant tumour might induce autoimmune connective tissue disease-like symptoms.
Clin Rheumatol 1992 Sep
PMID:A case of Raynaud's disease with uterine cancer producing interleukin-6. 145 93

Signal transduction in eukaryotic cells is a complex process mediated, normally, by the interaction of soluble extrinsic protein factors and their cognate receptors. One example of this phenomena is the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and the IL-6 receptor. However, the IL-6 receptor, once its ligand is bound, associates with another membrane glycoprotein, gp130, to potentiate the cytokine response. To further understand the basis of this interaction, and its possible implications in cellular transforming events, the corresponding gene(s) must be studied. Here we find that the human gp130 gene product is homologous to two distinct chromosomal loci on chromosomes 5 and 17. Furthermore, the presence of two distinct gp130 gene sequences is restricted to primates and is not found in other vertebrates.
Somat Cell Mol Genet 1992 Sep
PMID:Chromosomal localization of the IL-6 receptor signal transducing subunit, gp130 (IL6ST). 147 13

A 58-year-old man developed polyneuropathy, organomegaly, gynecomastia, skin pigmentation, and multiple myeloma (IgG-lambda type). Although transient clinical improvement was obtained with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide, his general condition deteriorated progressively, and he died 3 years after onset. Lymph nodes showed angiofollicular hyperplasia, and the sural nerve revealed segmental demyelination. At autopsy, the glomeruli were enlarged and showed mild mesangial cell proliferation with segmental mesangiolysis and proliferation of endothelial cells forming abnormal vessels. The massive volume of ascites contained a high level of interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-6, a multifunctional cytokine, may be the pathogenic factor which induces the various clinical symptoms and pathological features of Crow-Fukase (POEMS) syndrome.
Acta Pathol Jpn 1992 Sep
PMID:An autopsy case of Crow-Fukase (POEMS) syndrome with a high level of IL-6 in the ascites. Special reference to glomerular lesions. 147 60

Tumor necrosis factor and related cytokines are thought to be implicated in cell-mediated immunity and pathophysiology in malaria, but their mechanism of action has not been ascertained. Tumor necrosis factor has been reported to generate nitric oxide in vitro, so we have measured levels of this molecule and its products in the plasma of mice after they have received an injection of tumor necrosis factor, lymphotoxin, interleukin-1, gamma interferon, or interleukin-6, all of which have been reported to be increased in malaria. Total reactive nitrogen intermediate levels in plasma were assayed spectrophotometrically after exposing plasma to a copper-cadmium-zinc catalyst to convert nitrate to nitrite and then to Griess reagent. Tumor necrosis factor, lymphotoxin, and interleukin-1 all induced reactive nitrogen intermediates in vivo, with interleukin-1 showing the most activity. Tumor necrosis factor was then examined more closely. It induced more reactive nitrogen intermediates in malaria-infected mice than in normal mice, and appreciably more was in the form of nitrate than was in the form of nitrite. NG-methyl-L-arginine inhibited the in vivo generation of reactive nitrogen intermediates by tumor necrosis factor in a dose-dependent manner, implying that these molecules were arginine derived. These results are consistent with the possibility that tumor necrosis factor, lymphotoxin, and interleukin-1 may contribute to host pathology and parasite suppression through generation of nitric oxide.
Infect Immun 1992 Sep
PMID:In vivo induction of nitrite and nitrate by tumor necrosis factor, lymphotoxin, and interleukin-1: possible roles in malaria. 150 Jan 82

Administration of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine adsorbed (DTP vaccine) or endotoxin (LPS) resulted in marked alterations in hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in endotoxin-responsive (R) and non-endotoxin-responsive (NR) mice. A single human dose (0.5 ml) of DTP vaccine increased hexobarbital-induced sleep times to 1.6- to 1.8-fold above those of controls in both strains of mice. This effect persisted for 7 days. In contrast, Bordetella pertussis LPS-treated mice showed an increase at 1 day (3.0-fold for R mice and 1.5-fold for NR mice), which returned to control levels by day 7. Furthermore, cytochrome P-450 levels were decreased 30 to 40% 24 h after DTP vaccine administration in both R and NR mice, while after LPS administration they were decreased 30% in R mice and less than 10% in NR mice. Both spleen and liver weights of R and NR mice were increased 7 to 14 days following DTP vaccine administration. However, LPS treatment had no apparent effect on liver weights, and spleen weights of R mice were elevated from days 3 to 7. Histopathologic tissue examination showed random, multifocal inflammation with hepatocyte necrosis after DTP vaccine administration to both R and NR mice and an absence of lesions in LPS-treated mice. Premixing LPS with polymyxin eliminated the increased sleep times, but premixing DTP vaccine with polymyxin did not affect the increased sleep times. Levels of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 in plasma of R mice were markedly increased after DTP and LPS treatment, while NR mice had reduced increases. These results suggest that LPS contributes to the alterations in R and NR mice seen within the first 24 h of vaccine administration but that it is not likely to contribute to the effects observed at later time points.
Infect Immun 1992 Sep
PMID:Role of endotoxin in alterations of hepatic drug metabolism by diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine adsorbed. 150 Jan 88

The mucosal and systemic interleukin-6 (IL-6) response to urinary tract infection was analyzed in women with acute pyelonephritis or asymptomatic bacteriuria. Urine and serum samples were obtained at diagnosis and after treatment. IL-6 activity was elevated in urine samples from most bacteriuric women, regardless of the severity of infection. Urinary levels greater than 20 units/mL occurred in 25 of 29 women with acute pyelonephritis and in 36 of 42 women with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Elevated serum IL-6 levels were found mainly in patients with acute pyelonephritis: Levels greater than 20 units/mL occurred in 14 of 28 women with acute pyelonephritis compared with 0 of 28 women with asymptomatic bacteriuria. These results suggest that bacteriuria is accompanied by elevated urinary IL-6 levels and that this IL-6 is locally produced. The spread of IL-6 to the circulation in patients with acute pyelonephritis may contribute to the elevation of fever and C-reactive protein characteristic of the disease.
J Infect Dis 1992 Sep
PMID:Comparison of urine and serum concentrations of interleukin-6 in women with acute pyelonephritis or asymptomatic bacteriuria. 150 Jul 53


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