Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a recessively inherited inflammatory disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of fever and polyserositis. It has been considered that miscellaneous cytokines take part in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in patients with FMF. The study included 42 patients with FMF (3 females, 39 males, mean age: 24.43 years) and 20 healthy volunteers as the control group (18 males, 2 females, mean age: 23.2 years). The patients were chosen according to Eliakim criteria. After recording their history and performing an examination, leukocyte counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, sIL-2R, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were measured before and during attacks. A significant increase was found in leukocyte ( p<0.001), ESR ( p<0.001), CRP ( p<0.001), and fibrinogen ( p<0.001) levels of the patient group in the attack period compared to those in the quiescent state. sIL-2R ( p=0.019) and IL-6 ( p<0.001) levels showed significant increases during attacks compared to the levels before an attack. There was no significant difference between IL-10 levels. The levels of the three cytokines were significantly high both before and during the attacks compared to the control group. As a result, the elevation of sIL-2R and IL-6 levels both before and during the attacks compared to control group suggests the existence of continuous cytokine activation in the patients. No significant increase in the IL-10 levels in spite of the significant rise of sIL-2R and IL-6 during attacks supports the notion of inflammation and also reveals that compensation by anti-inflammatory IL-10 does not seem to occur.
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PMID:Continuity of cytokine activation in patients with familial Mediterranean fever. 1529 95

Several lines of evidence indicate that increased inflammatory activity in peripheral blood is associated with the acute coronary syndrome. Systemic inflammation in clinically stable conditions of coronary artery disease has been less studied. We examined cytokine profiles in 20 patients who had acute coronary syndrome, 45 who had angiographically verified coronary artery disease and stable angina pectoris, and 45 healthy controls. Circulating levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and interleukin-18 were determined. Subpopulations of peripheral immune cells, including neutrophil-platelet aggregates, were analyzed by 3-color flow cytometry using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Patients who had acute coronary syndrome and stable angina pectoris had significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist than did controls, whereas levels of interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-10, and interleukin-18 were similar across groups. Patients had significantly more neutrophils, and the numbers of neutrophil-platelet aggregates were particularly large in patients who had stable angina pectoris. High levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in patients were significantly related to numbers of neutrophils and neutrophil-platelet aggregates but not to other immune cell subpopulations. The data suggest that the interaction between neutrophils and platelets is an important component of proinflammatory activity seen in peripheral blood of stable and unstable forms of coronary artery disease.
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PMID:Circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines and neutrophil-platelet aggregates in patients with coronary artery disease. 1569 27

Despite aggressive surgical treatment, rational antibiotic therapy, and modern intensive care, generalised peritonitis remains a major threat in the paediatric age group. Several adjuvant strategies such as peritoneal saline lavage and peritoneal drainage have been utilised. Taurolidine, derived from the amino acid taurine, has bactericidic, antiendotoxic, and antiinflammatory properties. It has been introduced previously for intraoperative peritoneal lavage in treating peritonitis in adults. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of peritoneal taurolidine lavage on the clinical course and serological inflammation markers in children with perforated appendicitis and localised peritonitis. A series of 27 children presenting with appendicitis between January 1999 and July 2001 were included in the study after parental informed consent. All patients underwent open appendectomy. Taurolidine peritoneal lavage was applied in 15 randomly selected children (eight girls and seven boys; mean age 10 years and 10 months). Twelve children received saline peritoneal lavage and served as the control group (six girls and six boys; mean age 9 years and 7 months). Blood was taken preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 3, 7, and 14. Full blood cell count, C-reactive protein, endotoxin, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and procalcitonin were investigated to evaluate the serological course of inflammation. Both groups initially presented with severe inflammation as evidenced clinically and serologically. The clinical postoperative course was uneventful in 13/15 patients in the treatment group and 10/12 patients in the control group. The remaining patients presented complications: intraperitoneal abscess or early postoperative bowel obstruction. With regard to the serological inflammatory parameters, no significant differences were found between the two groups except for the soluble interleukin-2-receptor on the 7th postoperative day. In conclusion, the expected reduction of endotoxin levels and inflammatory activity in the treatment group was not evident. A significant advantage of adjuvant peritoneal taurolidine lavage in the surgical therapy of children with localised peritonitis due to appendicitis could not be shown in our study.
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PMID:Peritoneal taurolidine lavage in children with localised peritonitis due to appendicitis. 1590 75

Major depressive disorder is associated with increases in infectious disease risk as well as the incidence of inflammatory disorders. Declines of natural killer (NK) cell activity are reliably found in depression, whereas other studies report evidence of inflammation in depressed patients. The potential association between NK activity and circulating markers of immune activation has not been previously examined in the context of major depression. In this study, we measured levels of NK activity, circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and acute phase proteins in 25 male patients with current major depressive disorder and 25 age, gender, and body weight comparable controls. As compared to controls, patients with major depressive disorder showed lower NK activity (p = .05) and higher circulating levels of IL-6 (p < .05). Levels of NK activity were not correlated with IL-6 or with other markers of immune activation. The independent effect of depression on inflammatory markers and natural killer immune responses has implications for understanding individual differences in the adverse health effects of major depressive disorder.
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PMID:Dissociation of inflammatory markers and natural killer cell activity in major depressive disorder. 1602 28

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease characterized by the clonal proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow. Several cytokines have been demonstrated to be involved in the control of growth, progression, and dissemination of MM. We determined serum levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in 14 newly diagnosed MM patients. The median age of the patients was 63.4 +/- 10.8 years and all of the patients were stage III (classified according to the Durie-Salmon classification). The same parameters were measured in 15 healthy controls. In addition, we also examined the effects of vincristine-adriamycin-dexamethasone (VAD) therapy on the same parameters and mediators as well as the relationship among the parameters in the same patient groups. The serum concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, sIL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and CRP (18.6 +/- 3.7 pg/mL, 10.1 +/- 2.8 pg/mL, 730 +/- 220 U/mL, 11.4 +/- 3.3 pg/mL, 23.9 +/- 8.3 pg/mL, and 49.9 +/- 19.5 mg/dL, resp) were significantly higher in newly diagnosed MM patients than in healthy controls (P < .0001). All of the parameters were found to be significantly reduced after chemotherapy. In conclusion, we found that after the VAD therapy, the level of these cytokines which are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of MM was significantly suppressed. This is the first study demonstrating strong impact of VAD treatment on circulating mediators of sIL-2R and IL-8 levels parameters.
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PMID:Serum proinflammatory mediators at different periods of therapy in patients with multiple myeloma. 1610 4

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, inflammatory, rheumatological disease affecting primarily the sacroiliac joint and vertebral column, with an etiology that remains obscure. Cytokines are soluble proteins that have specific roles in inflammatory response, arranging the interaction between cells of the immune system both in natural and specific immune reactions. This study was planned to evaluate the relation between the level of cytokines and the clinical and laboratory findings of patients with AS compared to healthy subjects. In this study, we demonstrated increased serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in patients with AS compared with healthy subjects. Only IL-1 beta levels were not increased in AS patients. We found a correlation between C-reactive protein and IL-6 levels and between erythrocyte sedimentation rate and sIL-2R, IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels. Only the sIL-2R level was correlated with Bath AS Metrology Index and Bath AS Functional Index. We suggest that sIL-2R, IL-6, and TNF-alpha may have a role in the pathogenesis of AS and that their serum levels can be used as disease activity parameters and tools for diagnosis.
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PMID:Comparison of serum IL-1 beta, sIL-2R, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels with disease activity parameters in ankylosing spondylitis. 1658 85

The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of a large panel of cytokines in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and to confront it to parameters of the International Prognostic Index (IPI). It investigated the concomitant determination of interleukin-2 (IL-2), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) on a uniform population of 116 previously untreated patients. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay kits were used for cytokines measurements. Results were correlated with complete remission (CR), overall survival (OS) and failure free survival (FFS). In univariate analysis, sIL-2R and IL-6 demonstrated prognostic significance for CR (p = 0.016 and p = 0.048), OS (p = 0.0011 and p = 0.0387) and FFS (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0363), but multi-variate analysis failed to demonstrate an independent prognostic significance. In the intermediate group risk defined by IPI, patients presenting high level of sIL-2R or IL-6 demonstrated lower CR rate and survival than those with low level. In conclusion, sIL-2R and IL-6 serum levels are elevated in high grade NHL and are correlated to CR, OS and FFS, but this study did not support their independent prognostic value. However, sIL-2R and IL-6 measurements may improve risk assignment by IPI and allow a better prognostic evaluation of patients with intermediate prognosis NHL.
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PMID:Aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: concomitant evaluation of interleukin-2, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and correlation with outcome. 1688 66

Diabetic retinopathy is a common and progressive complication of diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by the loss of pericytes, hypertrophy of basement membrane, microaneurysms formation, increased vascular permeability, capillary occlusions, neovascularisation and fibrovascular proliferation. The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is still insufficiently understood, although some reports have implicated the role of the immune system. We hypothesize that, according to some current data diabetic retinopathy could also be considered as an autoimmune disease. The finding of antipericyte and antiendothelial cell autoantibodies in the circulation of diabetic patients strongly suggests that some autoimmune activity has been involved in the early pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy. There is even more evidence that implicates the presence of autoimmune mechanisms in the proliferative stage of this disease: elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8 and soluble interleukin-2 receptor in the serum of diabetic patients, increased vitreous concentration of the interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in patients with proliferative retinopathy. Furthermore, preretinal membranes in diabetic patients contain deposits of immunoglobulins, activated complement components, monocytes, T and B lymphocytes, fibroblastes and lymphokynes. In diabetic patients human leukocyte antigen DR and DQ expression on the retinal vascular endothelial cells as well as on pigment and nonpigment epithelial cells was found. These antigens are normally restricted to immunocompetent cells and play an important regulatory role in the immune response. Their aberrant expression has been found on nonlymphoid cells in various autoimmune diseases whilst abnormal expression of DR and DQ antigens at sites where they do not normally exist would result in autoimmunity by converting the target cell into a functional antigen-presenting cell. In conclusion, although the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is not completely understood it is known that the immune system is certainly involved in its development. However, there is increasing evidence of the presence of some autoimmune processes in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy and particularly in its proliferative phases. Consequently, diabetic retinopathy could also be considered as an autoimmune disease.
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PMID:Could diabetic retinopathy be an autoimmune disease? 1712 35

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship and interpret the clinical importance of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation III (APACHE III) and levels of cytokines in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with or without cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) to see if they are beneficial for evaluating the seriousness of SIRS. The data suggested that the APACHE III score and levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) were significantly higher after conventional CABG (CCABG) than after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) (p<0.05). With an increase in the APACHE III score, the levels of IL6, IL8, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and sIL-2R and the morbidity of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) increased gradually (p<0.01), while the level of IL2 decreased (p<0.01). Stepwise regression analysis showed that IL-1beta, IL6, IL8, and sIL-2R levels had significant influences on the APACHE III score (p<0.05). The APACHE III score and levels of IL6, IL8, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and sIL-2R were significantly higher in the MODS group than in the non-MODS group (p<0.05), but the level of IL2 was significantly lower in the MODS group (p = 0.04). In conclusion, despite comparable surgical trauma, we believe that CPB is one of the most important factors responsible for stimulating an inflammatory response. SIRS after OPCAB was clearly mitigated compared with CCABG. Determination of the APACHE III score and plasma IL-1beta, IL6, IL8 and sIL-2R concentrations might be helpful for evaluating the severity of SIRS following CABG and making a prognosis.
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PMID:Study on the relationship of APACHE III and levels of cytokines in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome after coronary artery bypass grafting. 1732 29

Biological markers for depression are of great interest to aid in elucidating the causes of major depression. We assess currently available biological markers to query their validity for aiding in the diagnosis of major depression. We specifically focus on neurotrophic factors, serotonergic markers, biochemical markers, immunological markers, neuroimaging, neurophysiological findings, and neuropsychological markers. We delineate the most robust biological markers of major depression. These include decreased platelet imipramine binding, decreased 5-HT1A receptor expression, increase of soluble interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-6 in serum, decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor in serum, hypocholesterolemia, low blood folate levels, and impaired suppression of the dexamethasone suppression test. To date, however, none of these markers are sufficiently specific to contribute to the diagnosis of major depression. Thus, with regard to new diagnostic manuals such as DSM-V and ICD-11 which are currently assessing whether biological markers may be included in diagnostic criteria, no biological markers for major depression are currently available for inclusion in the diagnostic criteria.
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PMID:Consensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Biological Markers: biological markers in depression. 1962 59


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