Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate the influence of functioning on unexplained senile anemia, we measured commonly used hematological parameters (serum iron, transferrin, iron saturation and ferritin) in addition to specific erythropoietic factors, such as interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and erythropoietin (EPO) in 48 elderly subjects aged 65-90 years. The subjects were divided into 3 groups: 1) 17 patients with unexplained mild anemia; 2) 17 non-anemic patients with newly acquired stroke and who previously were functionally active; 3) 14 functionally active patients with no major disease who served as controls. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) values under 12.0 g/dL. The degree of functional ability was defined and scored by the "functional independence measure" (FIM) test. Data are presented as mean values +/- SD. The results revealed a correlation between the functional state and levels of Hb, iron and transferrin with unchanged iron saturation. Patients in the mild anemia group were found to be functionally declined (FIM = 57 +/- 19.4) with the relatively lowest mean iron (75.1 +/- 17 micrograms/dL) and transferrin levels (243 +/- 42.6 micrograms/dL). The stroke group (FIM = 62 +/- 17.7) had intermediate levels of iron (85.4 +/- 20.3 micrograms/dL) and transferrin (245 +/- 45.2), and with the continuation of the declined functional state the Hb level decreased significantly (13.7 +/- 0.9 to 12.0 +/- 1.0 g/dL, p < 0.001). The highest mean values of iron (102 +/- 27.9 micrograms/dL) and transferrin (322 +/- 42.7 micrograms/dL) were found in the control group (FIM = 122.7 +/- 5.8). The ferritin levels showed an opposite trend. IL-3 values were undetectable in the anemic and control groups, and were elevated in some patients in the stroke group. The lowest IL-6 level was observed in the anemic group, and the highest in the control group. Serial IL-6 assays in the stroke group showed an upward trend. Erythropoietin levels in all groups showed no difference.
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PMID:Relationship between routine hematological parameters, serum IL-3, IL-6 and erythropoietin and mild anemia and degree of function in the elderly. 958 49

We investigated the effect of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (c-PTIO), a specific nitric oxide scavenger and a stable radical compound, on the proliferation of murine hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. The c-PTIO promoted colony formation by erythropoietin and either interleukin-6 (IL-6) or the c-kit ligand/stem cell factor (SCF) in a methylcellulose culture, where the number of colonies increased 2.2-fold and 1.7-fold, respectively. During the addition of c-PTIO to the liquid cultures of murine bone marrow cells containing a combination of IL-6 and SCF, colony-forming cells in vitro (CFC) and the colony-forming unit in the spleen (CFU-S) increased about 1.8-fold and 1.7-fold, respectively, higher than the control culture after 7 day of culture. When c-PTIO was added twice at days 0 and 2 during the culture, 3.6-fold and 1.7-fold increases over the control were observed in the number of CFC and CFU-S. These results suggest the possibility that c-PTIO regulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in vitro.
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PMID:Effect of carboxy-PTIO, a nitric oxide scavenger, on the proliferation of murine hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. 959 27

HML/SE is a cytokine-dependent cell line established from childhood acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or stem cell factor (SCF) alone could stimulate proliferation of HML/SE cells, however interleukin-3, interleukin-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and thrombopoietin could not. Although erythropoietin (EPO) alone stimulated neither proliferation nor differentiation of HML/SE cells, it did stimulate proliferation of HML/SE cells and production of hemoglobin in the presence of SCF. SCF activated the human EPO receptor promoter and induced EPO receptor gene expression. Given these results, we speculate that HML/SE cells acquired responsiveness to EPO via the EPO receptor induced by SCF. Mutation analysis of putative transcription factor binding sites in the human EPO receptor promoter suggested that Sp1, rather than the GATA-1 binding site, contributed to the induction of the hEPOR gene. Although it is well documented that hematopoietic stem cells and primitive progenitors require both an early-acting cytokine and a lineage-specific cytokine to differentiate to a certain lineage, related mechanisms are not well understood. HML/SE may serve as an excellent model system to analyze functions of early-acting cytokine SCF and lineage-specific cytokine EPO related to proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells.
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PMID:Induction of the erythropoietin receptor gene and acquisition of responsiveness to erythropoietin by stem cell factor in HML/SE, a human leukemic cell line. 964 54

Hydroxyurea (HU) induces HbF production and can reduce painful crises in some patients with sickle cell anemia (SS). However, HbF induction alone cannot explain the beneficial effect of HU treatment as some patients experience clinical improvement while showing only minor increases in HbF. Other actions of HU, in particular its effects on vascular endothelium, adhesion molecule expression and cytokine production may also play a role in the final therapeutic outcome. In order to analyze these effects we studied the levels of interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, erythropoietin, stem cell factor, soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble E-selectin and soluble P-selectin in 7 SS patients before and during 5 months of HU treatment. Use of HU seems to have no detectable effect on soluble adhesion molecules, but the steady state levels of soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 are enhanced in SS patients compared to normal controls. Of the cytokines studied, only IL-3 showed an increase during therapy, suggesting HU may induce early erythroid progenitors capable of producing HbF by a direct or indirect effect on IL-3 production. Remarkably, the steady state stem cell factor levels in sickle cell patients seemed to be decreased compared to healthy controls.
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PMID:Cytokines and soluble adhesion molecules in sickle cell anemia patients during hydroxyurea therapy. 969 Nov 43

Hypoxia is thought to be a common precursor of coronary artery disease and malignant tumors, both diseases representing the leading causes of death in industrial nations. So far, investigations of oxygen-regulated erythropoietin (EPO) gene expression in the human hepatoma cell lines Hep3B and HepG2 allowed many important insights into the mechanisms of oxygen-sensing, signalling and regulation of an increasing number of oxygen-responsive genes. To differentiate the various signalling pathways involved in EPO production by these two cell lines, we examined several factors that positively influenced EPO expression. The results demonstrate a keen differential effect of cell density and oxygen concentration on EPO induction in Hep3B compared to HepG2 cells. Using optimized cell culture conditions, EPO production rates as high as 1 U EPO per 10(6) Hep3B cells in 24 h could be achieved. We also found a moderate but reproducible positive effect of CoCl2 on hypoxia-induced EPO expression in Hep3B but a negative CoCl2 effect on hypoxic induction in HepG2 cells. CoCl2 inhibited cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner. Interleukin-6 was synergistic with hypoxia on EPO induction in Hep3B as well as HepG2 cells, and dexamethasone enhanced this effect in Hep3B but not in HepG2 cells. The moderate CoCl2-dependent increase of EPO production observed in hypoxic Hep3B cells might indicate that CoCl2 and hypoxia do not necessarily act via, identical signalling pathways.
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PMID:Optimal erythropoietin expression in human hepatoma cell lines requires activation of multiple signalling pathways. 985 4

To clarify the role of thrombopoietin (c-Mpl ligand, TPO) in 'hypersplenic' thrombocytopenia, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to examine changes in serum TPO levels accompanied with splenectomy in 6 patients with liver cirrhosis, 4 patients with gastric cancer, and 2 patients with lymphoid malignancies. We also measured serum levels of other thrombopoietic cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and erythropoietin. Platelet counts reached a maximum at day 14 after splenectomy in all subjects. In patients with liver cirrhosis, a lower elevation of platelet counts was observed compared with that in patients with gastric cancer. Serum TPO levels gradually elevated after splenectomy and reached a maximum 3.5 days after splenectomy in noncirrhotic patients, whereas peak serum TPO levels were delayed until day 7 in the cirrhosis group. IL-6 and erythropoietin showed similar kinetics between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients. These findings suggest that transient thrombocytosis after splenectomy may be associated with an alteration in the site of TPO catabolism by platelets from spleen to the blood and that deterioration of TPO production may play a role in thrombocytopenia in liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:Changes in serum thrombopoietin levels after splenectomy. 985 90

Pre-operative blood donation gives ready availability of large volumes of patient compatible blood, up to four units and five when erythropoietin is used. It is recommended that autologous pre-donated blood is leucocyte depleted immediately after the donation. During normovolaemic haemodilution it is mandatory to monitor haemodynamics during the donation. Usually 1-2 units are removed pre-operatively and returned during or after the operation. Intra and postoperative salvage and recycling is performed either with washing and haemoconcentration of the blood or with salvage and immediate retransfusion. When salvaged blood is retransfused unwashed there are high levels of free haemoglobin, degradation products of fibrin/fibrinogen, interleukin-6 and activated complement. Clinically, this has not been shown to be of importance. Taking the patient's health status into account, we suggest that a level of B-haemoglobin should be determined pre-operatively to indicate use of transfusions both with autologous and allogeneic blood.
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PMID:[Perioperative salvage and use of autologous blood]. 1002 22

The appendix as well as the small intestine have recently been found to carry c-kit+ stem cells which give rise to extrathymic T cells. In this study, the properties of c-kit+ stem cells in the appendix of mice were further characterized. When appendix mononuclear cells (MNC) were cultured in the presence of stem cell factor, interleukin-3, interleukin-6 and erythropoietin on a methylcellulose culture plate, the population of c-kitdull Lin- and that of c-kithi Lin- cells expanded. Morphological study revealed that these c-kithi Lin- cells were basophilic granular cells (possibly mast cells). Both populations of cultured appendix MNC were then injected into severe combined immunodeficient mice or cultured with Tst-4 thymic stroma cells. These in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that c-kitdull Lin- cells were oligopotent haemopoietic progenitor cells which gave rise to extrathymic T cells, while c-kithi Lin- cells lacked haemopoietic progenitor cell activity. In contrast to c-kit+ stem cells in the bone marrow, those in the appendix did not give rise to myeloid cells and conventional thymic T cells under any of the conditions tested. The present results suggest that the appendix primarily comprises c-kit+ cells which give rise to basophilic granular cells and extrathymic T cells and that such c-kit+ cells have the ability to replicate themselves in culture in vitro.
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PMID:Enrichment of c-kit+ Lin- haemopoietic progenitor cells that commit themselves to extrathymic T cells in in vitro culture of appendix mononuclear cells. 1023 27

The influence of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum erythropoietin (Epo) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations was studied in 48 anemic patients on regular hemodialysis. They were grouped as follows: (I) 19 patients whose Hb values improved after infection (Hb > 85 g/L), (II) 10 patients with persisting anemia after infection (Hb < 75 g/L), and, without hepatitis virus markers (III) 8 patients with Hb > 85 g/L and (IV) 11 patients with Hb < 75 g/L. Serum immunoreactive Epo levels were significantly higher in group I (34.4+/-47.1 U/L) than in the other groups (II, 10.8+/-6.0; III, 7.9+/-3.2; IV, 8.4+/-4.3). Serum IL-6 was higher in group I than group III (7.7+/-7.8 pg/ml vs. 3.6+/-2.4; p = 0.05) but similar to the other groups. Hb levels in group I were maximal at the time of serum alanine aminotransferase normalization. Red cell production increases as a result of elevated circulating Epo during hepatic regeneration after HBV or HCV infection.
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PMID:Serum erythropoietin and interleukin-6 levels in hemodialysis patients with hepatitis virus infection. 1033 88

We have developed a time-lapse camera system to follow the replication history and the fate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) at a single-cell level. Combined with single-cell culture, we correlated the early replication behavior with colony development after 14 days. The membrane dye PKH26 was used to monitor cell division. In addition to multiple, synchronous, and symmetric divisions, single-sorted CD34(+)/CD38(-) cells derived from fetal liver (FLV) also gave rise to a daughter cell that remained quiescent for up to 8 days, whereas the other daughter cell proliferated exponentially. Upon separation and replating as single cells onto medium containing a cytokine cocktail, 60.6% +/- 9.8% of the initially quiescent cells (PKH26 bright) gave rise again to colonies and 15.8% +/- 7.8% to blast colonies that could be replated. We have then determined the effects of various regulatory molecules on symmetry of initial cell divisions. After single-cell sorting, the CD34(+)/CD38(-) cells derived from FLV were exposed to flt3-ligand, thrombopoietin, stem cell factor (SCF), or medium containing a cytokine cocktail (with SCF, interleukin-3, interleukin-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and erythropoietin). Whereas mitotic rate, colony efficiency, and asymmetric divisions could be altered using various regulatory molecules, the asymmetric division index, defined as the number of asymmetric divisions versus the number of dividing cells, was not altered significantly. This observation suggests that, although lineage commitment and cell proliferation can be skewed by extrinsic signaling, symmetry of early divisions is probably under the control of intrinsic factors.
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PMID:Symmetry of initial cell divisions among primitive hematopoietic progenitors is independent of ontogenic age and regulatory molecules. 1051 63


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