Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-four horses were randomly allocated to 3 groups. Horses were anesthetized, subjected to a ventral midline celiotomy, and the large colon was exteriorized and instrumented. Group-1 horses served as sham-operated controls. Group-2 horses were subjected to 6 hours of low-flow colonic arterial ischemia, and group-3 horses were subjected to 3 hours of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion. Baseline (BL) samples were collected, then low-flow ischemia was induced by reducing ventral colonic arterial blood flow to 20% of BL. All horses were monitored for 6 hours after BL data were collected. Blood samples were collected from the colonic vein and main pulmonary artery (systemic venous [SV]) for measurement of plasma endotoxin, 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-kPG), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 activities were measured in colonic venous (CV) serum samples. Data were analyzed, using two-way ANOVA, and post-hoc comparisons were made, using Dunnett's and Tukey's tests. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Endotoxin was not detected in CV or SV plasma at any time. There was no detectable tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-6 activity in CV samples at any time. There were no differences at BL among groups for CV or SV 6-kPG, PGE2, or TXB2 concentrations, nor were there any changes across time in group-1 horses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Systemic and colonic venous plasma eicosanoid and endotoxin concentrations, and colonic venous serum tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 activities in horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion of the large colon. 766 63

The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multi-functional small peptide molecule that is produced by various types of lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells and plays a central role in hematopoiesis, host defense mechanisms, and acute phase reactions, including regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. A high-sensitivity ELISA assay was applied to serum (S) and urine (U) samples available from 10 men (median age = 50y, range = 46-71y) in order to compare circadian characteristics of IL-6 between assays and in 2 biological fluids. S and U samples were collected at 3-h intervals for 24hrs beginning at 19:00h on May 14, 1993 (8 samples/subj) and frozen at -25 degrees C until analysis. IL-6 in U was adjusted for time & volume (pg/hr) and assigned to midpoint of collection interval. A significant time-effect was found by ANOVA and a high-amplitude circadian rhythm was detected by the least-squares fit of a 24-hr &/or 24+12-hr cosine for each assay. Higher serum IL-6 values were detected throughout the night, with a peak at 01:00h, and lower values throughout the day, with a nadir at 10:00h. In contrast, IL-6 values in urine were highest during the day, with a major peak in the afternoon at 17:30h and a minor peak at 08:30h, and lowest values overnight, with a nadir at 23:30h. Of interest, the rhythm in urinary IL-6 concentration (pg/ml) was more prominent than hourly excretion rate (pg/hr). Thus, endogenous IL-6 (and possibly other cytokine) levels may be significantly influenced by their large and predictable day-night variations and the biological fluid used.
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PMID:Circadian characteristics of interleukin-6 in blood and urine of clinically healthy men. 855 32

The present study examined stressor interactions with genotype and light/dark cycle. Male Brown Norway (BN), Fischer 344 (F344), Lewis (from two different vendors: Lew/CR and Lew/H) and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to footshock either in the early light or early dark circadian phase. Immediately after footshock, the spleen and whole blood proliferation to PHA and Con A was assessed. To provide endocrine indices of stress, serum was measured for corticosterone and interleukin-6 (IL-6). All rats showed significant increases in serum corticosterone and IL-6 following footshock either in the light or the dark. Rat strain differences were noted in the IL-6 response, while the corticosterone response was strong for all strains. The criterion for 'suppression' of lymphocyte proliferation was p < .05 (as determined by ANOVA) compared to non-shocked controls. Spleen: with the exception of BN rats, the other strains showed suppressed spleen cell proliferation to PHA and Con A both in the light and the dark. BN rats failed to show suppression of mitogenic activity to PHA when footshock was given in the light. Peripheral blood lymphocytes: suppression in Lew rats from either vendor, and in F344 and BN rats, did not vary with time of day nor with the type of mitogen tested. SD rats did not show suppression to PHA if shocked in the light. These results highlight the generality of stressor-induced mitogenic lymphocyte proliferation during the early diurnal and nocturnal periods of the day.
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PMID:Suppression of lymphocyte mitogenesis in different rat strains exposed to footshock during early diurnal and nocturnal time periods. 883 90

The acute phase response (APR) that follows injury or infection is characterized by a decrease in serum zinc concentrations, which we hypothesized benefits the host. Additionally, we proposed that preventing this decline by supplementing zinc would result in an exaggerated APR as indicated by elevated temperatures, increased serum cytokine concentrations, interleukin 6 and the acute phase protein (ceruloplasmin). A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial was conducted. Patients on home parenteral nutrition with a diagnosis of catheter sepsis and patients with a diagnosis of pancreatitis, also on total parenteral nutrition (TPN), were recruited for the study. Following enrollment, block randomization was used to assign patients to receive 0 mg (n = 23) or 30 mg (n = 21) of zinc per day for the first 3 d of TPN. Blood samples for measurement of serum zinc, copper, ceruloplasmin and interleukin-6 were obtained upon enrollment and on d 1 through 3 of TPN. The highest temperatures reported on these days in the medical record were also recorded. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine differences in the primary outcome variables over time. No significant differences between groups were observed in serum interleukin-6 or ceruloplasmin concentrations. A significantly higher (P = 0.035) temperature was observed in the zinc-supplemented group compared with the control group on d 3 of parenteral nutrition. We conclude that parenteral zinc supplementation in patients experiencing a mild APR resulted in an exaggerated APR as evidenced by a significantly higher febrile response.
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PMID:Parenteral zinc supplementation in adult humans during the acute phase response increases the febrile response. 904 May 47

Administration of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) to animals and humans results in changes in circulating thyroid hormone concentrations similar to those seen in non-thyroidal illness (NTI). Inflammatory cytokines have been postulated as mediators of the euthyroid sick syndrome by inhibiting type 1 5'-deiodinase (5'D-I) enzyme activity. We have investigated direct effects of cytokines upon 5'D-I expression, measuring changes in 5'D-I enzyme activity and mRNA in phi1 rat liver cells. All three cytokines stimulated 5'D-I enzyme activity: TNF alpha 326 +/- 43% (100% in controls, mean + S.E.M., n = 9, P < 0.01 by ANOVA), IL-1beta 297 +/- 8% and IL-6 272 +/- 25%. Co-incubation with cycloheximide abolished stimulation by each cytokine. Kinetic analysis revealed that stimulation of 5'D-I enzyme activity was a result of significantly increased Vmax, (P < 0.01 by ANOVA) with Km relatively unchanged. 5'D-I mRNA abundance was not significantly changed following treatment by any of the three cytokines. These findings do not support the hypothesis that inflammatory cytokines may mediate the euthyroid sick syndrome by causing inhibition of 5'D-I activity.
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PMID:Inflammatory cytokines and type I 5'-deiodinase expression in phi1 rat liver cells. 920 2

In clinical studies the MAO-B inhibitor selegiline appears to slow the progression of neurological deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanisms of action remain unclear. Several lines of evidence indicate an immune-mediated pathophysiology of PD and AD. According to animal trials, selegiline increases the survival rate of immune suppressed mice. Stimulation of the immune response to bacterial or viral infection or in chronic inflammatory processes in managed by an increased synthesis of the cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and subsequent interleukin-6 (IL-6). Outcome of viral or bacterial infections in the brain highly correlates with levels of the cytotoxic cytokine tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF). The aim of our study was to characterize the influence of selegiline on the biosynthesis of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy blood donors. After isolation and washing PBMC were cultured without and with selegiline in three different concentrations (0.01 mumol/l, 0.001 mumol/l, 0.0001 mumol/l) in a humidified atmosphere (7% CO2). Then cultures were centrifuged and supernatants were collected for IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF ELISA-assays. Treatment of cultured PBMC with various concentrations induced an increased synthesis of IL-1 beta (ANOVA F = 9.703, p = 0.0007), IL-6 (ANOVA F = 20.648, p = 0.0001) and a reduced production of TNF (ANOVA F = 3.770, p = 0.040). These results indicate, that the influence of selegiline on the cytokine biosynthesis may also contribute to its putative neuroprotective properties.
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PMID:Selegiline as immunostimulant--a novel mechanism of action? 956 33

Changes in the time courses of serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL6) and the soluble form of CD25 (sCD25) were evaluated in 48 burned patients (31 had sepsis, 21 died). Differences among groups along the time were assessed with ANOVA. The Pearson's r correlation coefficient was used to relate quantitative variables. ROC curves were constructed to analyse the prognostic value of IL6 and sCD25. The values of IL6 and sCD25 were related to treatment outcome and time post-burn. In general, two patterns emerged: In non-survivors, there was a depression of sCD25 with time, and an increase in IL6 levels previous to death, whereas survivors had the opposite pattern. On admission, patients with higher levels of sCD25 had a bad prognosis.
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PMID:Dynamic profiles of interleukin-6 and the soluble form of CD25 in burned patients. 1049 55

Information on the dose-response relationship is a prerequisite to defining the non-response threshold of exposure. We investigated whether nasal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenges induce an inflammatory response in a dose-dependent way. In three settings nasal lavage was performed before, and 20 min, 1, 6, 23, and 29 h after instillation of 0 microg, 10 microg, and 40 microg LPS for 10 s, in seven healthy subjects. Lavage fluids were analysed for concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), histamine, and albumin. Symptoms were recorded by questionnaire and spirometric lung function was assessed after each lavage. The instillation of 40 microg LPS caused a small increase in nasal symptoms. TNF-alpha was below the detection limit (0.5 pg/ml) in most subjects and, like IL-8 and albumin, showed no relation to the LPS challenge. IL-6 increased over twofold with 10 microg LPS and over 13-fold with 40 microg LPS, with a peak at 6 h after LPS provocation, and the repeated design ANOVA was significant for dose and for time. Six hours after the 40 microg LPS challenge the histamine level significantly increased compared to the saline treatment. We conclude that short-lasting instillation of LPS causes a dose-dependent IL-6 release in the upper airways and minor nasal symptoms.
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PMID:Lipopolysaccharide-induced nasal cytokine response: a dose-response evaluation. 1119 30

This study was designed to examine the relationship between seasonal changes in training and competition load, and changes in leukocyte subsets, stress hormones, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in response to a standardised bout of endurance exercise. In addition, changes in mood states were monitored. Ten male, international Nordic skiers, age 20-29, maximal oxygen uptake 70-82 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) performed the same incremental treadmill tests to exhaustion at the same time of day (+/-1 h), during the competitive season (in-season HI test) and the recovery season (off-season LO test). The subject filled out a training and competition log (TC score) for three weeks prior to each test and a 65-item Profile of Mood State (POMS) test on arrival at the laboratory. Venous blood for haematological, hormonal, and IL-6 analysis was drawn before and at 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after the test. TC score was more than twice as high during the competitive season (16.0 +/- 3.9) compared to the off-season period (7.0 +/- 4.4). An ANOVA procedure for repeated measures showed no difference in exercise induced changes in concentrations of neutrocytes, lymphocytes, epinephrine, ACTH or cortisol between the in-season HI and off-season LO tests; however, norepinephrine and the IL-6 concentrations were elevated at the in-season HI test compared to the off-season LO test. There were no significant differences in POMS global mood score or sub-scores between the in-season HI and the off-season LO tests. Thus, in a group of elite Nordic skiers, we conclude that a doubling of the training and competition load during the winter season does not alter the leukocyte and stress hormone responses to an incremental exercise test to exhaustion.
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PMID:No effect of seasonal variation in training load on immuno-endocrine responses to acute exhaustive exercise. 1137 27

Megestrol acetate improves appetite and abrogates weight loss in some patients with advanced cancer. Moreover, preliminary studies suggest that progestational agents down-regulate interleukin-6 (IL-6), an inflammatory cytokine widely implicated in cancer-associated anorexia and weight loss. The present investigation examined the effects of megestrol acetate on IL-6 in an attempt to confirm these earlier, preliminary studies. The translational component of a large multi-institutional trial, this investigation examined 85 patients with advanced cancer and weight loss. Patients had been randomly assigned to receive megestrol acetate liquid suspension 800 mg/day + placebo tablets, or oral dronabinol tablets 2.5 mg b.i.d. + liquid placebo, or both agents. Other testing included serial physician-reported weight and patient-reported appetite and global quality of life. We found no significant differences in 1-month changes in serum IL-6 according to whether patients had been treated with megestrol acetate, dronabinol, or the combination: the mean differences +/- standard deviation were -1.52+/-4.7 pg/ml, -0.62+/-3.5 pg/ml, and -0.2+/-3.1 pg/ml, respectively (P=0.40, by one-way ANOVA). Among the patients who noted alterations in their appetite over 1 month, we observed no significant changes in IL-6. Finally, changes in serum IL-6 were not associated with shifts in weight or global quality of life. Our investigation provides no evidence that megestrol acetate down-regulates IL-6 in patients with cancer-associated anorexia and weight loss.
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PMID:Does megestrol acetate down-regulate interleukin-6 in patients with cancer-associated anorexia and weight loss? A North Central Cancer Treatment Group investigation. 1232 13


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