Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ultra-marathon running is frequently associated with muscle fibre damage. However, ultra-marathon related information is scarce. The present study evaluated muscle and cartilage biomarkers, and cytokine secretion during a 200 km running event. Venous blood samples from 54 trained male ultra-marathon runners (mean +/- SD, 45.7 +/- 5.1 years). Plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate, glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF- proportional, variant and serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) content were determined before, midway and immediately after the race. CPK increased 90-fold (19-fold at 100 km) from pre-race value and LDH increased 3.7-fold (2.2-fold at 100 km). AST increased 15-fold (5-fold at 100 km) and ALT increased 3.9-fold (2-fold at 100 km). Blood lactate and glucose levels did not change significantly. Hs-CRP increased 23-fold (3-fold at 100 km) and IL-6 increased 121-fold at 100 km, and then remained stable up to 200 km, whereas TNF- proportional, variant did not change significantly. Serum COMP increased 3-fold (1.3-fold at 100 km). Post-run CPK was correlated with LDH (r = 0.62, P < 0.001), Hs-CRP (r = 0.45, P < 0.001), ALT (r = 0.89, P < 0.001), AST (r = 0.97, P < 0.001), and IL-6 (r = 0.61, P < 0.001). The present study demonstrated that blood biomarkers related to muscle and cartilage damage and inflammation were increased during a 200 km run and that this was particularly marked during the second half of the event. Ultra-marathon running clearly has a major impact on muscle and cartilage structures.
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PMID:Biomarkers of muscle and cartilage damage and inflammation during a 200 km run. 1720 43

Previous studies showed that cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was directly associated with a global activation of the inflammatory response, production of oxygen free radicals, and signs of myocardial injury. We therefore evaluated, in the weakest patients, the biological and clinical benefits of a therapeutic optimization of CPB through the combination of several antiinflammatory procedures. High-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery under CPB were included in this prospective randomized study. Control patients (n = 14) underwent conventional CPB, and treated patients (n = 13) underwent a CPB with Baxter Duraflo II heparin-coated circuits, high doses of aprotinin, and pre-CPB hemofiltration. Usual clinical hemodynamic and biological criteria, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers were measured before, during, and to the second postoperative day. Free radicals were quantified using electronic spin resonance spectroscopy with a spin trap. Significantly lower concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, creatine kinase-MB, I-troponin, lactic acid, and systemic free radicals were observed in the plasma of treated patients. These patients had a reduction of postoperative complications and of the length of stay in the intensive care unit. Therefore, pre-CPB therapeutic optimization can reduce the inflammatory response, lower the level of oxidative stress, and help to ameliorate clinical outcome in high-risk patients.
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PMID:In high-risk patients, combination of antiinflammatory procedures during cardiopulmonary bypass can reduce incidences of inflammation and oxidative stress. 1726 62

Complex clinical-laboratory investigation of children with congestive heart failure (CHF) developed on the basis of dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has been carried out. The development of CHF in children with cardiomyopathy was accompanied by changes of blood serum lactate, MB isoform of creatine phosphokinase, TNF-6, interleukin-6 (IL-6) (but not IL-2), and soluble receptors for IL-2 and IL-6.
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PMID:[Biochemical and immunological markers of insufficiency of blood circulation at children with cardiomiopathies]. 1763 21

Herein, we describe a confirmed case of Loxosceles spider bite that illustrates the critical complications seen in loxoscelism, including skin necrosis, rhabdomyolysis, hemolysis, coagulopathy, acute kidney failure, and electrolyte disorders. Upon initial assessment, laboratory studies revealed the following: the white blood cell count was 29,400 WBCs/mm(3), hemoglobin was 9.2g/dL, and the platelet count was 218,000 cells/mm(3). Coagulation studies revealed the following: international normalized ratio, 1.83; activated partial-thromboplastin time, 62 s; D-dimer, 600 ng/mL (normal range <500 ng/mL); free protein S, 37% (normal range=64-114%); protein C, negative; and antithrombin III, negative. Various serum levels were abnormal: urea, 110 mg/dL; creatinine, 3.1mg/dL; indirect bilirubin, 3.8 mg/dL; creatine kinase, 1631 U/L; lactate dehydrogenase, 6591 U/L; potassium 6.2 mmol/L. Urine tests were positive for hemoglobin and bilirubin. In addition, concentrations of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were notably elevated in the serum. In conclusion, physicians must be alert to the possibility of loxoscelism when a patient presents with the clinical and laboratory findings described above, especially if the patient resides in an endemic area. Advances in our understanding of multiple pathways and mediators that orchestrate the response to Loxosceles venom might reveal new possibilities for the management of loxoscelism.
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PMID:Loxosceles venom-induced cytokine activation, hemolysis, and acute kidney injury. 1792 22

The purpose of this study was to measure the influence of quercetin on plasma cytokines, leukocyte cytokine mRNA, and related variables in ultramarathoners competing in the 160-km Western States Endurance Run (WSER). Sixty-three runners were randomized to quercetin and placebo groups and under double-blinded methods ingested 1000 mg/day quercetin for 3 weeks before the WSER. Thirty-nine of the 63 subjects (n = 18 for quercetin, n = 21 for placebo) finished the race and provided blood samples the morning before the race and 15-30 min postrace. Significant prerace to postrace WSER increases were measured for nine proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory plasma cytokines, cortisol (quercetin = 94%, placebo = 96%), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (mean +/- SE absolute increase, quercetin = 31.8 +/- 4.2, placebo = 38.2 +/- 5.0 mg/L), and creatine kinase (CK) (quercetin = 21,575 +/- 3,977, placebo = 19,455 +/- 3,969 U/L), with no significant group differences. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA did not change post-WSER, with a significant decrease measured for leukocyte IL-8 mRNA (0.21 +/- 0.03-fold and 0.25 +/- 0.04-fold change from rest, quercetin and placebo, respectively) and significant increases for IL-1Ra mRNA (1.43 +/- 0.18-fold and 1.40 +/- 0.16-fold change, quercetin and placebo, respectively) and IL-10 mRNA (12.9 +/- 3.9-fold and 17.2 +/- 6.1-fold change, quercetin and placebo, respectively), with no significant differences between groups. In conclusion, quercetin ingestion (1 g/day) by ultramarathon athletes for 3 weeks before a competitive 160-km race significantly increased plasma quercetin levels but failed to attenuate muscle damage, inflammation, increases in plasma cytokine and hormone levels, and alterations in leukocyte cytokine mRNA expression.
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PMID:Quercetin ingestion does not alter cytokine changes in athletes competing in the Western States Endurance Run. 1818 41

To investigate the effects of allicin supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and antioxidative capacity, a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted in well-trained athletes. Subjects were randomly assigned to an allicin supplementation group (AS group) and a control group, and received either allicin or placebo for 14 days before and 2 days after a downhill treadmill run. Plasma creatine kinase (CK), muscle-specific creatine kinase (CK-MM), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), IL-6, superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidative capacity (TAC), and perceived muscle soreness were measured pre and post exercise. AS group had significantly lower plasma levels of CK, CK-MM and IL-6, and reduced perceived muscle soreness after exercise, when compared with the control group. AS group also demonstrated a trend toward reducing plasma concentration of LDH after exercise (P = 0.08), although not statistically significant. Allicin supplementation induced a higher value of TAC at rest, and this higher value was maintained 48 h after exercise, however, there was no difference in SOD values after exercise between the two groups. The results suggested that allicin might be a potential agent to reduce EIMD. Further studies concerning anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of allicin on EIMD are needed.
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PMID:Effects of allicin supplementation on plasma markers of exercise-induced muscle damage, IL-6 and antioxidant capacity. 1830 54

Low aromatic and dearomatized white spirits (deWS) are often considered less hazardous to health than 'standard' or aromatic white sprit (stdWS, 15-20% aromatics). However, data on health effects of deWS in humans are sparse and controlled exposure studies are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare deWS and stdWS with respect to irritation and inflammation. Six female and six male healthy volunteers were exposed on five occasions in balanced order to 100 or 300 mg m(-3) deWS (0.002% aromatics) or stdWS (19% aromatics), or to clean air, for 4 h at rest. Discomfort in the eyes, nose and throat and breathing difficulty were assessed by ratings on visual analogue scales. The only significant increases in ratings (compared to clean air) were seen for eye irritation at the high stdWS exposure and for solvent smell at all but the low deWS exposure. Excluding smell, all average ratings were at the lower end of the 0-100 mm scale, and did not exceed the verbal expression 'somewhat'. Ratings during stdWS exposure tended to be higher than during deWS exposure. No exposure-related effects on pulmonary function, nasal swelling, nasal airway resistance, breathing frequency, blinking frequency, plasma inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6) or biochemical variables (sodium, potassium, amylase, creatine kinase, urate) were seen. In conclusion, stdWS appears to be slightly more irritating than deWS. This could, however, not be confirmed by objective measurements.
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PMID:Acute effects of exposure to vapours of standard and dearomatized white spirits in humans. 2. Irritation and inflammation. 1908 13

Strenuous, prolonged exercise increases interleukin-6 (IL-6) release. The effect of IL-6 is dependent on the availability of IL-6 receptors. Few studies have addressed the impact of exercise on IL-6 receptor levels or procalcitonin (PCT), an indicator of systemic inflammation. Changes in these molecules may give insight into cytokine-related mechanisms underlying exercise-related fatigue. Thirteen trained male subjects partook in the study. They cycled a total distance of 468 km over 6 days. Blood samples were obtained prior to and immediately following Day 1 of the study and then each morning prior to exercise. Blood samples were analysed for plasma IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), C-reactive protein (CRP), PCT, creatine kinase (CK) and cortisol concentrations. Subjects also completed mood state questionnaires each day prior to exercise. IL-6 was elevated immediately post-exercise on Day 1 but was unchanged at rest for the duration of the event. In contrast, sIL-6R, CRP, PCT and CK concentrations were unchanged immediately post-exercise on Day 1 but were significantly elevated at rest over the duration of the event compared with pre-event baseline. sIL-6R was highly correlated to CRP. Cortisol concentrations remained unchanged at all time points. In conclusion, strenuous, prolonged exercise stimulated an acute phase response which was maintained throughout the 6-day event. sIL-6R increase is associated with CRP and may affect subjective sensations of post-exercise fatigue at rest.
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PMID:The effect of repeated endurance exercise on IL-6 and sIL-6R and their relationship with sensations of fatigue at rest. 1909 16

Stratification of cardiac patients arriving at the emergency department is now being made according to the levels of acute cardiac biomarkers (i.e. cardiac troponin (cTn) or creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB)). Ongoing efforts are undertaken in an attempt to identify and validate additional cardiac biomarkers, for example, interleukin-6, soluble CD40L, and C-reactive protein, in order to further risk stratify patients with acute coronary syndrome. Several studies have also now shown an association of platelet transcriptome and genomic single nucleotide polymorphisms with myocardial infarction by using advanced genomic tools. A number of markers, such as myeloid-related protein 14 (MRP-14), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP), leukotriene A(4) hydrolase (LTA4H) and myocyte enhancing factor 2A (MEF2A), have been linked to acute coronary syndromes, including myocardial infarction. In the future, these novel markers may pave the way toward personalized disease-prevention programs based on a person's genomic, thrombotic and cardiovascular profiles. Current and future biomarkers and bioassays for identifying at-risk patients will be discussed in this review.
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PMID:Biomarkers and Bioassays for Cardiovascular Diseases: Present and Future. 1957 13

The large volume of training performed by elite athletes throughout the season can translate into a chronic oxidative insult. To study the effects that chronically high training loads have on athletes' redox status, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and creatine kinase activities; total antioxidant status (TAS); and uric acid, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, vitamin C, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), interleukin-6, and cortisol levels were determined in 9 kayakers (6 men) in a competitive period during the first season (June, T1), and in precompetitive (March, T2) and competitive (June, T3) periods during the following season. TAS decreased from the first to the second season (T1 vs. T2, p < 0.001; T1 vs. T3, p < 0.001). TBARS (p = 0.024) decreased from T1 to T2. The alpha-tocopherol increase (p = 0.001) from T1 to T2 lost statistical significance after adjustment for total lipids (p = 0.243). GPx (p = 0.003) increased, while SOD (p < 0.001) and uric acid (p = 0.032) decreased from T2 to T3. Cortisol levels decreased significantly throughout the study (T1 vs. T2, p = 0.042; T2 vs. T3, p = 0.018; T1 vs. T3, p = 0.002). No significant differences were observed for any of the other parameters studied. Antioxidant status changed more within the same season than from one season to another. Redox markers should be monitored throughout the season to detect athletes at an increased oxidative risk.
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PMID:Antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and damage in elite kayakers after 1 year of training and competition in 2 seasons. 1976 8


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