Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Exposure to elevated concentrations of ambient ultrafine particulate matter has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the public. The particle parameters triggering the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to compare biological in vitro-effects of ultrafine model particles (hematite, silicasol) of different composition and different sizes to evaluate the influence of these parameters. Human epithelial (A549) and macrophage (THP-1, Mono Mac 6) cell lines in mono-culture as well as in co-culture were used as cellular models. The uptake of hematite particles into A549 cells was identified by light microscopy and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The loss of membrane integrity measured by the lactate dehydrogenase assay as well as the induction of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 release were affected by the particles in a dose dependent manner. This study demonstrated that particle size and particle composition, respectively, were responsible for the observed biological effects. Furthermore, the co-cultures of epithelial cells (A549) and macrophages (Mono Mac 6 or differentiated THP-1) showed an increased sensitivity to particles concerning the cytokine release in comparison to the mono-cultures of each cell type.
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PMID:Biological effects of ultrafine model particles in human macrophages and epithelial cells in mono- and co-culture. 1547 Oct 99

This study evaluated the role of amino acids supplementation on the heart's adaptation under extensive training conditions. Sixty active athletes (bicyclists and swimmers) were separated into 2 groups: 30 were given amino acid mixture (1 g per 10 kg of body weight) for a period of 1 month, and the other 30 were given placebo for the same duration (control group). In the same time period, 20 subjects of similar age not engaged in physical training or sports activities were used as the additional control group. Blood concentrations of alanine transaminase (ALT), asparagine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamil transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase, triglycerides, albumin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were determined for all subjects before and after the intervention period. Concentrations of LDH and ALP were increased, but concentrations of ALT, albumin, and triglycerides were decreased in the blood of trained athletes compared with healthy subjects not engaged in sports activities. In the athletes, some increases in IL-6 levels were noted; however, they were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than in patients with myocardiodystrophy. The values of IL-10 in athletes were higher than concentrations of IL-10 in patients with myocardiodystrophy but still lower than the normal values. The inhibition of IL-10 in blood may play an important role in the induction of apoptosis in cells of the heart muscle. After amino acid supplementation, the athletes' values for albumin, triglycerides, IL-10, LDH, and ALP were significantly increased compared with the post-placebo control groups. Enzyme activities of other enzymes remained unchanged in all groups. Histological data from a secondary study of actual heart tissue showed that the amino acids supplementation may have inhibiting effects on myocardial apoptosis. The criteria of efficiency of the amino acids supplementation were defined by the albumin, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations.
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PMID:Biochemical and heart adaptations to physical training and supplementation with amino acids. 1557 76

Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance and associated changes in pulmonary bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of unleaded gasoline exhaust (GE) exposed mice were investigated. Animals were exposed to GE (1 L/min of GE mixed with 14 L/min of compressed air) using a flow-past, nose-only, dynamic inhalation exposure chamber for different durations (7, 14, and 21 days). The particulate content of the GE was found to be 0.635, +/-0.10 mg PM/m3. Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were observed in BALF of GE-exposed mice, but interleukin 1beta(IL-1beta) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) remained unaffected. GE induced higher activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gammaGT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the BALF, indicating Type II alveolar epithelial cell injury, Clara-cell injury, and general toxicity, respectively. Total protein in the BALF increased after 14 and 21 days of exposure, indicating enhanced alveolar-capillary permeability. However, the difference in the mean was found statistically insignificant in comparison to the compressed air control. Total cell count in the BALF of GE-exposed mice ranged between 0.898 and 0.813x10(6) cells/ml, whereas the compressed air control showed 0.65x10(6) cells/mL. The histopathological changes in GE-exposed lung includes perivascular, and peribronchiolar cuffing of mononuclear cells, migration of polymorphonuclear cells in the alveolar septa, alveolar thickening, and mild alveolar edematous changes indicating inflammation. The shift in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance and elevation of the pulmonary marker enzymes indicate toxic insult of GE. This study will help in our understanding of the mechanism of pulmonary injury by GE in the light of cytokine profiles, pulmonary marker enzymes, and lung architecture.
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PMID:Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance in gasoline exhaust induced pulmonary injury in mice. 1578 77

Biological response parameters during biochemotherapy, including chemotherapy with immune modulating agents, have been studied extensively. Of these parameters, interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated in advanced stage disease and tumour recurrence. However, there is limited information available about the significance of IL-6 in metastatic malignant melanoma (MMM). In this study, we evaluated the possible relationship between serum IL-6 level and overall survival. This retrospective study included 125 patients with MMM. Pretreatment serum IL-6 levels were determined using a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed and compared using the log-rank test. Cox proportional analysis was performed to assess the predictors of overall survival, which was calculated from the beginning of biochemotherapy until death. In order to establish the possible relationship between IL-6 level and overall survival, patients were divided into two groups according to a cut-off of 5 pg/ml, corresponding to the first quartile obtained by descriptive statistics of the pretreatment IL-6 level in all patients. Thirty-five patients were in the low IL-6 group and 76 patients were in the high IL-6 group. Based on this stratification, overall survival was shown to be affected by IL-6 serum level: it was higher (24.6 months) in the low IL-6 group when compared with the high IL-6 group (9.7 months) (P=0.0006). Furthermore, Cox multivariate analysis including standard melanoma prognostic factors showed that IL-6, as a variable, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tumour burden were significant prognostic factors for overall survival. On the basis of this evidence, the pretreatment serum IL-6 level is a predictive factor of overall survival in MMM.
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PMID:Pretreatment serum interleukin-6 concentration as a prognostic factor of overall survival in metastatic malignant melanoma patients treated with biochemotherapy: a retrospective study. 1591 2

The effect of mechanical stress generated within a three-dimensional bioreactor on the co-culture of hepatic parenchymal cells (PC) and hepatic nonparenchymal cells (NPC) was assessed to develop a bioartificial liver that can produce factors accelerating liver regeneration. A rotating radial flow bioreactor was used to provide mechanical stress to a co-culture of PC and NPC that were isolated from rats. They were co-cultured in the reactor under static or dynamic conditions. Albumin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured at intervals. Electron microscopy was also performed. LDH was not significantly different between the static and mechanical stress-loaded cultures, while albumin and interleukin-6 levels were higher in the latter at all sampling times. Only the co-cultures loaded with mechanical stress produced HGF in the early stage of culture (hours 3 and 6). Histologically, the cells retained their structure when cultured under dynamic conditions. These results suggested that an appropriate level of mechanical stress enabled co-cultures of PC and NPC to produce IL-6, HGF, and other factors that accelerate liver regeneration.
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PMID:Effect of mechanical stress imposition on co-culture of hepatic parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells: possibility of stimulating production of regenerating factor. 1596 26

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) induced by glycodeoxycholic acid in rats. The induction of ANP resulted in significant increase in mortality rate, pancreatic necrosis and serum activity of amylase, alanine aspartate transferase (ALT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, serum concentration of urea, tissue activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the pancreas and lung, and significant decrease of concentrations of calcium, blood pressure, urine output and pO(2). The use of NAC inhibited the changes in urine output, pO(2), tissue activity of MPO and MDA in pancreas and lungs, and the serum activity of IL-6, ALT, and serum concentrations of urea and calcium. NAC reduced the mortality and pancreatic damage. The use of NAC has a beneficial effect on the course of ANP in rats. It may be used in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:Effects of N-acetylcysteine on acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats. 1608 83

To clarify the laboratory characteristics and deduce the pathogenesis of acute encephalopathy associated with multiple organ dysfunctions in Japan. We measured cytokine levels [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), soluble tumor necrosis factor-receptor 1 (sTNF-R1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as well as general laboratory examinations in 27 patients with acute encephalopathy. Urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (Cr), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in blood, and CSF protein levels at the initial stage were significantly higher in patients with an unfavorable outcome. TNF-alpha, sTNF-R1, and IL-6 levels at the initial stage were higher in the serum than in the CSF of patients with acute encephalopathy. Serum cytokine levels correlated well with patient outcome. The high CSF protein level and the high UN, Cr, AST, LDH, and CRP levels in the blood represent the severity of vascular leakage through the blood-brain barrier and multiple organ dysfunctions, respectively, and thus suggest an unfavorable prognosis. The high serum inflammatory cytokine levels at the initial stage and the good correlation of those levels with the outcome suggest that intravascular inflammation has a significant role in vascular leakage and multiple organ dysfunctions in acute encephalopathy.
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PMID:Laboratory characteristics of acute encephalopathy with multiple organ dysfunctions. 1619 4

The mechanisms behind the development of work-related trapezius pain are suggested to involve both peripheral and central components, but the specific contribution of alterations in muscle nociceptive and other substances is not clear. Female patients with chronic trapezius myalgia (N=19; TM) and female controls (N=20; CON) were studied at rest, during 20 min repetitive low-force exercise and recovery, and had their interstitial concentrations of potassium (K(+)), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and collagen turnover determined in the trapezius muscle by the microdialysis technique. K(+) levels were at all time points higher in TM than in CON (P<0.0001). Baseline levels of LDH and IL-6 were similar in both groups. In response to exercise pain intensity, rated perceived exertion, and the concentrations of K(+), LDH and IL-6 increased significantly in both groups. [K(+)] immediately decreased to baseline levels in CON but remained elevated during the first 20 min of recovery in TM (P<0.01) whereafter it returned to baseline level. In all subjects taken together mean [K(+)] correlated negatively with pressure pain threshold of trapezius (P<0.001), positively with mean pain intensity VAS (P<0.001) and mean perceived exertion (P<0.001). Rises in muscle LDH and IL-6 as well as the anabolic ratio for collagen type I was not significantly different between groups. In conclusion, patients with chronic pain in the trapezius muscle had increased levels of interstitial potassium. This finding could be causally related to myalgia or secondary to pain due to deconditioned muscle or altered muscle activity pattern.
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PMID:Increased levels of interstitial potassium but normal levels of muscle IL-6 and LDH in patients with trapezius myalgia. 1629 53

The association between ambient particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular diseases has been demonstrated in epidemiological studies. Recent studies suggest that diabetic patients are at greater risk for PM-associated cardiovascular events. Although diabetes and PM exposure individually have been reported to be associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, it is not clear whether PM may induce synergistic interaction effects on these parameters in diabetics. Strepotozotocin-induced diabetic (n=4) and healthy (n=4) rats were intratracheally administered with PM2.5 collected from a busy traffic area in a dose of 200 microg suspended in 0.5 mL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The same number of rats was exposed to PBS as controls. Cell and differential counts and protein and lactate dehydrogenase activity were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage. Markers of 8-hydroxydeoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and [nitrate+nitrite], an indicator of nitric oxide (NO) production, in addition to C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in peripheral blood were also determined. Our results showed that diabetic rats were associated with increased 8-OHdG, IL-6, and ET-1 decreased [nitrate+nitrite]. In nondiabetic rats PM exposure was also associated with increased 8-OHdG, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CRP but decreased [nitrate+nitrite]. Interestingly, increases of 8-OHdG and ET-1 after PM exposure were more prominent in diabetic rats than in nondiabetic rats. The general linear model further indicated that there were interactions between diabetes and PM on 8-OHdG (P<0.01) and ET-1 (P=0.08). We suggest that PM exposure may enhance the risk of cardiovascular diseases through interaction between PM and diabetes on excess reactive oxygen species generation and endothelial dysfunction. These findings provide further support for previous epidemiological studies.
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PMID:Enhanced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-diabetic rats exposed to fine particles. 1630 75

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of U-74389G on acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) induced by glycodeoxycholic acid in rats. The induction of ANP resulted in a significant increase in mortality rate, pancreatic necrosis, and serum levels of amylase, alanine aminotransferase, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and urea, in lactate dehydrogenase levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and in the activities of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde in pancreas and lung tissue; a significant decrease was observed in serum calcium levels, blood pressure, urine output, and pO(2). The use of U-74389G inhibited the changes in serum urea, pO(2), and tissue levels of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde in pancreas and lungs. Moreover, it indicated a limited effect on the course of ANP in the rats and did not reduce mortality and pancreatic damage. Therefore, it may be used in the treatment of lung injury during acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:Effects of lazaroid U-74389G on acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats. 1655 23


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