Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two patients with severe arthralgia associated with palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) were treated with oral cyclosporine A (CsA). Clinical efficacy was assessed on a 0-4 point scale for erythema, desquamation, infiltration, and pustulation, and on a 0-3 point pain scale. Skin lesions and arthralgia improved within twelve weeks with low dose CsA ranging from 2.1 to 2.2 mg/kg/day. High levels of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) were reduced to the normal range.
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PMID:Successful treatment of severe arthralgia associated with palmoplantar pustulosis with low-dose oral cyclosporine A. 756 Apr 44

This study was designed to investigate serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (S-IL-2R), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 levels (IL-6) in patients with either a positive or negative Borrelia burgdorferi serology. Serum samples from 101 individuals, divided in to five groups according to clinical symptoms and outcome of serology were analysed. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from nine of the individuals were also studied. The highest average serum S-IL-2R levels (1,180 +/- 1,140 U/ml) were found in patients with erythema migrans, the hallmark of Lyme borreliosis, followed by patients with symptoms closely related to Borrelia infection (900 +/- 1,200 U/ml) and with a strong positive serology. In two patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement, increased levels of S-IL-2R of 920 and 620 U/ml respectively (normal value < 50 U/ml) were detected in the CSF. No statistically significant relationship between IgG or IgM antibody activity and serum S-IL-2R levels was found. Detectable levels of IL-2 were only found in three patients. Increased levels of IL-6 were found in sera from 14 patients. The highest concentration, 90 pg/ml (normal value < 10 pg/ml), was measured in a patient presenting with vasculitis. In conclusion, B. burgdorferi infection causes a moderate increase of serum S-IL-2R levels, although there is no relationship between the severity of the infection, as estimated by the antibody concentration or to serum IL-2 or IL-6 levels. Secondary complications of the infection, such as vasculitis, may cause an increased level of serum IL-6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Response of soluble IL-2 receptor, interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 in patients with positive and negative Borrelia burgdorferi serology. 784 8

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were measured in serum and involved and uninvolved skin blister fluids of 20 psoriatic patients and 10 healthy subjects, by enzyme immunoassay. TNF-alpha and IL-6 were always detectable in involved skin blister fluids, while GM-CSF was detected only in 45% of these samples. TNF-alpha, IL-6 and GM-CSF were detected in 95, 100 and 10% of uninvolved skin blister fluid samples, respectively. TNF-alpha and IL-6 were found in 50 and 30% of control blister fluids, while GM-CSF was never detected. In serum, TNF-alpha was detected in 75% of patients and in 70% of controls; IL-6 in 45% of patients and in no controls; and GM-CSF in 35% of patients and in 20% of the controls. The median TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in involved skin were statistically higher than those of both uninvolved and control skin blister fluids. TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in blister fluids obtained from both involved and uninvolved skin were higher than those of the patients' sera. GM-CSF, when present in involved skin blister fluids, showed correlated levels with the other cytokines (TNF-alpha: R = 0.85, P = 0.004; IL-6: R = 0.72, P = 0.03). TNF-alpha was highly correlated with IL-6 (R = 0.78, P < 0.00001) in involved skin blister fluids. TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels of involved skin blister fluids showed significant correlations with the psoriasis area and severity index scores in the patients, suggesting a direct relationship between these cytokines and the clinical manifestations of the disease. Moreover, the TNF-alpha levels were particularly related to the erythema scores in the patients, further supporting evidence of their role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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PMID:Correlated increases of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor levels in suction blister fluids and sera of psoriatic patients--relationships with disease severity. 795 93

To define the toxicity profile of recombinant human interleukin-6 (rhIL-6) and to study its effect on hematopoiesis, biochemical parameters and other cytokines, rhIL-6 was administered in a phase I-II study to 20 patients with breast carcinoma or nonsmall cell lung cancer. RhIL-6 doses were 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, and 20 micrograms/kg/d, with at least three patients per dose level. RhIL-6 was administered 24 hours by continuous intravenous infusion followed by subcutaneous (SC) administration for 6 days, partly on an outpatient basis. RhIL-6-related side effects were fever, headache, myalgia, and local erythema. Starting at 2.5 micrograms/kg/d, these side effects were compounded by nausea, reversible increase in liver enzymes, and anemia. Flu-like symptoms were controllable up to and including 10 micrograms rhIL-6/kg/d with acetaminophen. RhIL-6 increased platelet counts with a decrease in mean platelet volume and increased leukocytes caused by neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte increase, with an increase in T cells and natural killer cells at 1.0 and 2.5 micrograms rhIL-6/kg/d. The reversible anemia was characterized by a decrease in serum iron, and an increase in ferritin and erythropoietin without reticulocytosis. RhIL-6 reduced total cholesterol levels and a dose-related increase of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A plasma levels was observed. Serum IL-6 levels were increased, especially at 10 and 20 micrograms/kg/d, whereas no change in IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels was observed. RhIL-6 can be administered with controllable side effects in this setting, up to and including a SC dose of 10 micrograms/kg/d on an outpatient basis, and has a promising stimulating effect on leukopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.
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PMID:Effects of recombinant human interleukin-6 in cancer patients: a phase I-II study. 806 39

Interleukin-1-beta (IL-1-beta), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) methods in blister fluids (BFs) obtained from both involved (ISBF) and non-involved skin (USBF) and in sera from 14 psoriatic patients. The same determinations were carried out in 14 sera and in 5 suction blister fluids from 14 normal subjects. IL-6 was always detectable in all skin fluids and in 3 psoriasis sera. IL-1-beta was measured only in 5 ISBFs and in 5 sera from the same patients. IFN-gamma was present in 11 ISBFs, in 5 USBFs and in 5 sera. The analysis of the levels found in the samples shows: 1) a local production of these cytokines, 2) the presence of detectable amounts of IL-6 and IFN-gamma in USBFs, and 3) a significant correlation between the IL-6 levels in the ISBFs and erythema score.
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PMID:Interleukin-1-beta, interleukin-6, and interferon-gamma in suction blister fluids of involved and uninolved skin and in sera of psoriatic patients. 807 28

A 29-year-old woman experienced Raynaud's phenomenon, swelling of her fingers, eruptions on her face, and muscle weakness in 1990. She was diagnosed as having mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and was treated with prednisolone (PSL) for 3 years. Most of her complaints disappeared after the treatment. In March 1997, she experienced fever, erythema, and lymphadenopathy. Although she was treated with PSL (20 mg/day) again, muscle weakness, mental disturbance, and recto-urinary disturbance appeared. When she was re-admitted to our hospital, increased levels of muscle-derived enzymes and positivity of anti-RNP antibody were found. High signal areas in her cerebrum were shown by magnetic resonance imaging, and slow and spike pattern was shown by electroencephalography. Hypoperfusion of the cerebral blood flow was suggested on single photon emission computed tomography. The number of mononuclear cells, amount of protein and level of interleukin-6 were found to be elevated in her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Her neurological manifestations were diagnosed as being due to MCTD, and showed characteristics similar to those of systemic lupus erythematosus. She was treated with PSL (60 mg/day) followed by steroid pulse therapy. Because the response to this treatment was partial, oral administration of cyclophosphamide (CPM) (100 mg/day) was added. Muscle weakness and neurological abnormalities as well as abnormal laboratory findings gradually improved over the following two months. We conclude that the treatment with CPM combined with PSL may be useful, when neurological manifestations of MCTD are serious and resistant to conventional therapy.
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PMID:[A case of mixed connective tissue disease with lupus-like manifestations of the central nervous system, successfully treated with cyclophosphamide combined with prednisolone]. 1092 Jun 88

The levels of interleukin-6 and platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) were measured in the blood of 137 patients with side effects from platelet concentrate (PC) transfusion with leukocyte removal filtration, P-selectin-expressing platelet and PMPs in stored PC before and after the filtration, and filtered leukocytes positive for P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. The side effects, which were observed in 203 transfusions for 84 patients with hematologic disease and 53 patients with nonhematologic disease with no significant difference between the two groups, included urticaria (75.9%), erythema (18.7%), and fever (17.2%), but no anaphylactic reactions. The levels of interleukin-6 and PMP correlated in both groups, and were significantly higher in the hematologic disease group than in the nonhematologic disease group. The level of PMP, but not interleukin-6, was significantly higher for patients testing positive for allergic reaction than for those testing negative. In the stored PC prior to filtration, the level of interleukin-6 was normal. The level of P-selectin-expressing platelets and PMPs was elevated before filtration, but was significantly lower after filtration. Taken together, the results suggest that PMP is involved in the generation of transfusion reactions, and indicate that both platelets and PMP displaying P-selectin bind to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 of leukocytes retained by the leukocyte filter.
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PMID:Platelets expressing P-selectin and platelet-derived microparticles in stored platelet concentrates bind to PSGL-1 on filtrated leukocytes. 1103 May 27

Erythema migrans, the characteristic skin manifestation of acute Lyme borreliosis, is a self-limited lesion. In contrast, acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, the typical cutaneous manifestation of late Lyme borreliosis, is a chronic skin condition. In an effort to understand pathogenic factors that lead to different outcomes in dermatoborrelioses, skin biopsy samples from 42 patients with erythema migrans and 27 patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans were analyzed for mRNA expression of five pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-2) and two anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-4 and interleukin-10) by in situ hybridization with cytokine-specific riboprobes. Among the 27 patients who had erythema migrans alone with no associated signs or symptoms, the major cytokines expressed in perivascular infiltrates of T cells and macrophages were the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10. In the 15 erythema migrans patients who had associated signs and symptoms, including headache, elevated temperature, arthralgias, myalgias, or fatigue, a larger number of macrophages and greater expression of macrophage-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6, were also found. In comparison, infiltrates of T cells and macrophages in the skin lesions of acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans patients had very little or no interferon-gamma expression. Instead, they usually expressed only the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4. Thus, the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in erythema migrans lesions, particularly interferon-gamma, seems to be important in the control of the spirochetal infection. In contrast, the restricted pattern of cytokine expression in acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, including the lack of interferon-gamma, may be less effective in spirochetal killing, resulting in the chronicity of this skin lesion. J Invest Dermatol 115:1115-1123 2000
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PMID:Differential expression of cytokine mRNA in skin specimens from patients with erythema migrans or acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. 1112 Nov 50

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) exerts a wide spectrum of regulatory activities in the immune and inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of endogenous IL-10 in the modulation of the inflammatory response in mice subjected to collagen-induced arthritis. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in mice lacking the gene for IL-10 (IL-10 "knock-out", IL-10KO) and in wild-type control (IL-10WT) mice by an intradermal injection of 100 mul of the emulsion (containing 100 mug of bovine type II collagen) (CII) and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) at the base of the tail. On day 21, a second injection of CII in CFA was administered. IL-10 wild type (WT) mice developed an erosive, hind paw arthritis when immunised with CII in CFA. Macroscopic clinical evidence of CIA first appeared as peri-articular erythema and oedema in the hind paws. The incidence of CIA was 100% by day 27 in the CII-challenged IL-10WT. The severity of CIA progressed over a 35-day period, with radiographic evaluation revealing focal resorption of bone. The histopathology of CIA included erosion of the cartilage at the joint margins. IL-10KO mice experienced higher rates of clinical signs and more severe knee and paw injury as compared to IL-10WT. The degree of oxidative and nitrosative damage was significantly higher in IL-10KO mice than in wild-type littermates, as indicated by elevated malondialdehyde levels and formation of nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS). Plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 were also greatly enhanced in comparison to wild-type mice. These data demonstrate that endogenous IL-10 exerts an anti-inflammatory role during chronic inflammation and tissue damage associated with collagen-induced arthritis, possibly by regulating neutrophil recruitment, and the subsequent cytokine and oxidant generation.
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PMID:Absence of endogeneous interleukin-10 enhances the evolution of murine type-II collagen-induced arthritis. 1178 Nov 83

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are members of a nuclear receptor superfamily, which were initially described in the context of fatty acid degradation and adipocyte differentiation. In this study we tested the hypothesis that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activation also controls inflammation. In an in vitro model with human keratinocytes inflammation was mimicked by irradiation with ultraviolet B light (150 mJ per cm(2)). Activators for PPAR-alpha (WY-14,643, clofibrate) were shown to reverse ultraviolet-B-light-mediated expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-8). An activator preferentially for PPAR-beta (bezafibrate) did not show prominent effects on interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 expression. The anti-inflammatory action of WY-14,643 on skin cells was further demonstrated by in vivo testings in which topically applied WY-14,643 markedly increased the minimal erythema dose in ultraviolet-B-irradiated skin. Additionally, it was shown that ultraviolet B irradiation led to a decrease of all three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subsets at the mRNA level. Also transactivation of peroxisome proliferator response element was attenuated by ultraviolet B irradiation. The downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by ultraviolet B irradiation provides a possible mechanism that leads to exaggerated and prolonged inflammation. This work suggests the possibility of PPAR-alpha activators as novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the topical treatment of common inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and photodermatitis.
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PMID:Activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors protect human skin from ultraviolet-B-light-induced inflammation. 1188 4


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