UNIPROT:P05231 - FACTA Search

Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Target Concepts:

Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is more frequent in African Americans (blacks) compared to Caucasian Americans (whites). Identification of remediable causes of the increased prevalence has the potential to reduce the excess burden of ESRD. Because renal fibrosis is a correlate of progressive renal failure and a dominant feature of ESRD, and because transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) can induce fibrosis and renal insufficiency, we explored the hypothesis that TGF-beta 1 hyperexpression is more frequent in black ESRD patients compared to white ESRD patients. Our postulate was tested by determining circulating levels of TGF-beta 1 protein in the sera of 56 black and 42 white ESRD patients treated by chronic hemodialysis. A solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, specific for TGF-beta 1, was used to quantify TGF-beta 1 levels in the ESRD cohort. Additional cytokines implicated in tissue repair/remodeling, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), were also measured. Our investigation demonstrated a significantly higher concentration of TGF-beta 1 protein but not that of IL-6 or TNF-alpha in blacks compared to whites. Our observation that TGF-beta 1 is hyperexpressed in black ESRD patients suggests a mechanism for the increased prevalence of renal failure (since TGF-beta 1 hyperexpression can result in renal insufficiency in experimental models) among the black population.
...
PMID:Transforming growth factor-beta 1 hyperexpression in African American end-stage renal disease patients. 950 29

Hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors of childhood that can lead to disfigurement and/or life-threatening consequences. The pathogenesis of hemangioma formation is likely to involve increased angiogenesis. Basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor are cytokines that stimulate angiogenesis in multiple in vivo and in vitro models. Proliferative hemangiomas have been found to have elevated levels of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor protein, but the gene expression of these cytokines in human specimens has not been previously studied. We examined the gene expression and spatial distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA in proliferative versus involuted human hemangioma specimens using nonisotopic in situ hybridization techniques. Thirteen hemangioma specimens were harvested during initial surgical excision. In situ hybridization was performed on frozen sections of both proliferative and involuted hemangioma specimens using genetically engineered antisense probes specific for basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA. Controls were an interleukin-6 sense sequence and a transforming growth factor-beta 1 antisense sequence. A large number of cells within the specimens of proliferative hemangiomas revealed localized gene expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA (626 +/- 129 and 1660 +/- 371 cells/mm2, respectively). The majority of the cells were endothelial in origin. In contrast, involuted hemangioma specimens revealed significantly lower numbers of cells staining positive for basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA (44 +/- 11 and 431 +/- 76 cells/mm2, respectively; p < 0.05). Transforming growth factor-beta 1 messenger RNA was slightly more expressed by involuted hemangiomas (117 +/- 30 cells/mm2). There were very low levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene expression from proliferative hemangiomas (37 +/- 24 cells/mm2; p < 0.02). These data demonstrate that (1) in situ hybridization allows identification and relative quantitation of cells expressing messenger RNA for specific growth factors in human hemangioma specimens; (2) basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA are up-regulated in proliferative hemangiomas; and (3) transforming growth factor-beta 1 messenger RNA remains low in both proliferative and involuted hemangiomas. Because basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA have been implicated in the pathobiology of human hemangioma formation, biochemical modulation of these angiogenic cytokines may eventually help inhibit proliferation and promote regression of hemangiomas.
...
PMID:Proliferative hemangiomas: analysis of cytokine gene expression and angiogenesis. 991 57

We have investigated the role of 23 candidate genes in the control of bone mineral density (BMD) by linkage studies in families of probands with osteoporosis (lumbar spine [LS] or femoral neck [FN] BMD T score < -2.5) and low BMD relative to an age- and gender-matched cohort (Z score < -2.0). One hundred and fifteen probands (35 male, 80 female) and 499 of their first- or second-degree relatives (223 males and 276 females) were recruited for the study. BMD was measured at the LS and FN using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and expressed as age- and gender-matched Z scores corrected for body mass index. The candidate genes studied were the androgen receptor, type I collagen A1 (COLIA1), COLIA2, COLIIA1, vitamin D receptor (VDR), colony-stimulating factor 1, calcium-sensing receptor, epidermal growth factor (EGF), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), fibrillin type 1, insulin-like growth factor 1, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1alpha), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-11 (IL-11), osteopontin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), PTH-related peptide, PTH receptor type 1 (PTHR1), transforming growth factor-beta 1, and tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta. Sixty-four microsatellites lying close to or within these genes were investigated for linkage with BMD. Using the program MapMaker/Sibs there was suggestive evidence of linkage between BMD and PTHR1 (maximum LOD score obtained [MLS] 2.7-3.5). Moderate evidence of linkage was also observed with EGF (MLS 1.8), COLIA1 (MLS 1.7), COLIIA1/VDR (MLS 1.7), ESR1 (MLS 1.4), IL-1alpha (MLS 1.4), IL-4 (MLS 1.2), and IL-6 (MLS 1.2). Variance components analysis using the program ACT, correcting for proband-wise ascertainment, also showed evidence of linkage (p </= 0.05) at markers close to or within the candidate genes IL-1alpha, PTHR1, IL-6, and COLIIA1/VDR. Further studies will be required to confirm these findings, to refine the location of gene responsible for the observed linkage, and to screen the candidate genes targeted at these loci for mutations.
...
PMID:Suggestive linkage of the parathyroid receptor type 1 to osteoporosis. 1062 57

Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we have studied the temporal expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNAs in three axotomy paradigms with distinct functional outcomes. Axotomy of adult rat facial motoneurons results in neuronal regeneration, axotomy of neonatal facial motoneurons results in neuronal apoptosis, and axotomy of rubrospinal neurons results in neuronal atrophy. Our RT-PCR findings show that a significant and sustained upregulation of IL-6 mRNA is associated uniquely with the regeneration of adult facial motoneurons. Histochemical studies using IL-6 immunohistochemistry show intense IL-6 immunoreactivity in axotomized adult facial motoneurons. Assessment of reactive glial changes with astroglial and microglial markers reveals that the reactive gliosis following adult facial nerve axotomy is more intense than that observed in either of the other two paradigms. Exposure of cultured microglial cells to IL-6 stimulates microglial proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Cultured microglia also show expression of IL-6 receptor mRNA, as determined by RT-PCR. Our findings support the idea that reactive gliosis is required for neuron regeneration to occur, and more specifically, they suggest that neuron-derived IL-6 serves as a signalling molecule that induces microglial proliferation during motoneuron regeneration.
...
PMID:Comparative evaluation of cytokine profiles and reactive gliosis supports a critical role for interleukin-6 in neuron-glia signaling during regeneration. 1086 95

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis(SEP) is a most serious complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD). Although the criteria of diagnosis and guidelines for therapy of SEP have been proposed by the Japanese SEP Study Group already, SEP is refractory to treatment when the disease process is complete. It is important to detect the latent phase of SEP(pre-SEP state) in order to treat patients at an early stage. We evaluated the characteristics of ascites in four patients with massive ascites accumulation after discontinuation of CAPD. Age and the duration of CAPD of the subjects were 53.3 +/- 9.7 years and 126.5 +/- 6.8 months, respectively. However, the patients were withdrawn from CAPD because of peritonitis or ultrafiltration failure. We also followed cytokines and parameters of collagen metabolism of ascites in two patients during adrenocorticosteroid therapy and conducted a histopathological evaluation of the peritoneum of an autopsy case who had died of pneumonia. Ascites seems to be exudative because of the high concentration of protein, cytokines and parameters of collagen metabolism such as interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, transforming growth factor-beta 1, procollagen 3 peptide, and type IV collagen 7S, the levels of which were 21.3 +/- 9.3 pg/ml, 8,153 +/- 7,327 pg/ml, 6.7 +/- 3.6 ng/ml, 89.3 +/- 67.8 U/ml, and 59.0 +/- 36.2 ng/ml, respectively. The histopathological findings of the peritoneum from the autopsy case showed dense fibrous tissue permeated with inflammatory infiltration and widespread infiltration of fibrin. These findings suggested that the peritoneum was inflamed when massive ascites accumulated. The amount of ascites and concentration of cytokines and parameters of collagen metabolism of ascites diminished during adrenocorticosteroid therapy. We concluded that massive and refractory accumulation of ascites appearing after the discontinuation of CAPD should be regarded as a sign of the pre-SEP state, and prophylactic treatment should be started at this stage of disease.
...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cases with massive ascites accumulation after discontinuation of CAPD: an attempt to establish the concept of the pre-sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis(pre-SEP) state]. 1089 94

The signals and the source of the signals for monocyte/macrophage entry into the injured peripheral nervous tissue are not yet defined. This study was undertaken to determine the distribution of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA in injured rat and mouse nerves and to investigate the mechanisms that regulate its synthesis in rat Schwann cells. Results from RNase protection assays showed that, following sciatic nerve transection in rats, mRNA for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was induced at the site of lesion within 3 h of surgery and in more distal segments from 24 h for at least 8 days. In cultured Schwann cells, tumour necrosis factor-alpha but not interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, transforming growth factor-beta 1, platelet-derived growth factor-BB or nerve growth factor induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. The induction of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA in Schwann cells treated with tumour necrosis factor-alpha was reduced by inhibitors of nuclear factor-kappa B and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In mice that lack the two receptors for tumour necrosis factor, the message for JE, a murine homologue of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, was still induced within 6 h of injury at the lesion site. However, in more distal segments 4 days after transection the concentration of JE mRNA was lower than that of control mice. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is the only cytokine that was shown to induce monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA in cultured Schwann cells and is one of the factors that regulate the synthesis of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in injured nerves.
...
PMID:Influence of injury and cytokines on synthesis of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA in peripheral nervous tissue. 1116 59

The in vitro effects on human dermal fibroblasts and the U937 human monocytic cell line of three phases of electrical microcurrents generated by the ACE Stimulator were investigated. The growth and viability of growing and confluent dermal fibroblasts were not directly influenced by the separate microcurrent phases. One form of microcurrent (designated phase 1) stimulated both dermal fibroblasts and U937 cells to secrete transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), which is an important regulator of cell-mediated inflammation and tissue regeneration, but none of the three phases stimulated secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 by U937 cells. The stimulation of TGF-beta 1 secretion in these experiments was not dramatic (a median increase over control levels of 20-30%), although it could be biologically significant.
...
PMID:Electrical stimulation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 secretion by human dermal fibroblasts and the U937 human monocytic cell line. 1170 43

Incidence rates of ovarian cancer remain lowest in Asian nations, which consume diets rich in soy products, whereas they remain among the highest in the United States and other Western nations, which consume low amounts of soy foods. The hypothesis of this study is that soy-derived isoflavones inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells in vitro by regulating cytokine synthesis. Cell proliferation was evaluated by bromodeoxyuridine and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. DNA synthesis of Caov-3 and NIH:OVCAR-3, two ovarian cancer cell lines, was significantly inhibited by genistein or daidzein at dietarily relevant concentrations (10(-8)-10(-10) M). Also, the number of viable cells was significantly lower (45-75%) in all isoflavone-treated groups than in the control group (P < 0.01). The addition of ICI-182780, an estrogen antagonist, blocked these inhibitory effects. In addition, interleukin-6 synthesis by these two cell lines was inhibited by genistein or daidzein; production was decreased by approximately 20% compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, transforming growth factor-beta 1 production in ovarian cancer cells incubated with genistein or daidzein was significantly greater, i.e., by approximately 30%, than in the control group (P < 0.05). Addition of ICI-182780 also neutralized the effects of isoflavones on the production of these two cytokines by ovarian cancer cells. In summary, genistein and daidzein independently modify cytokine production and reduce ovarian cancer cell proliferation via, at least in part, an estrogen receptor-dependent pathway.
...
PMID:Isoflavones inhibit proliferation of ovarian cancer cells in vitro via an estrogen receptor-dependent pathway. 1209 20

Essential amino acids, such as L-Arginine (Arg) and L-Lysine (Lys), are involved in bone metabolism and growth. Our previous studies analyzed the effect of these amino acids on rat osteoblast cultures and in experimental animals. In this study, we evaluated the effect of L-Arg and L-Lys on cultured human osteoblasts. Primary human osteoblast cultures were divided into four groups: the Arg Group received 0.625 mg/ml per day of Arg, the Lys Group 0.587 mg/ml per day of Lys, the Arg-Lys Group received both amino acids, whereas the Control Group was sham-treated. After 7 days, the following parameters were tested in all groups: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), nitric oxide (NO), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), osteocalcin (OC), type I collagen (PICP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) on culture supernatant, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and MTT proliferation test on cells. Arg administration significantly increased ALP, NO, PICP and IGF-I production and reduced the level of IL-6. Lys administration over the same time interval mainly affected cell proliferation, as evidenced by the MTT test and immunostaining for PDGF. The same positive effects evidenced by the single administrations of the two amino acids resulted from their simultaneous administration. However, synergism could be demonstrated only for the decrease in the level of IL-6. Arg and Lys show a positive effect on human osteoblasts, which is related partly to the production of those factors required for matrix synthesis, and partly to the direct or mediated activation of cell proliferation.
...
PMID:L-arginine and L-lysine stimulation on cultured human osteoblasts. 1250 70

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and chemokines, fractalkine, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV) after right vagotomy. Results showed that the immunoreactivities of IL-1beta, IL-6, TGF-beta1, fractalkine and MCP-1 were upregulated in the DMV at 14 days and the upregulation persisted at least until 28 days following right vagotomy. Quantification analysis revealed significant increases in the number of their immunopositive cells in the right DMV at 14 and 28 days after right vagotomy. Moreover, the upregulation of TNF-alpha immunoreactivity and significantly increased number of TNF-alpha-immunopositive cells were observed in the injured DMV at 7 and 14 days, and the increase in SDF-1-immunopositive cells at 14 days, after right vagotomy. Real time RT-PCR analysis showed the significant increase in the mRNA expression of IL-1beta, fractalkine and MCP-1 at 7 days, and the upregulation of TNF-alpha mRNA expression at 1 day after vagotomy. However, the peak increase in TGF-beta1 mRNA expression was observed at 1 day and the significant increase persisted at least until 14 days following right vagotomy. Double immunofluorescence analysis showed co-localization of lectin, a marker for microglia with CX3CR1 but not with IL-1beta at 14 days following right vagotomy. This study suggests that cytokines and chemokines involved in neuroprotection and neurodestruction could be activated in the axotomized DMV. However, it warrants further investigation to understand the neurodestructive and neuroprotective mechanisms that determine the fate of the vagal motoneurons after vagotomy.
...
PMID:Expressions of cytokines and chemokines in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve after right vagotomy. 1626 63

<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>