Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In vitro models have shown that interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the main dominator of the stimulation of the full spectrum of acute phase proteins. This study describes IL-6 levels in relation to levels of acute phase proteins in 15 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, with special attention given to those patients with increased serum levels of IL-6. Three episodes with elevated levels of IL-6 were observed in a period shortly after a flare-up of SLE, in three of the 15 patients. In one of these three patients a clear increase in the C-reactive protein (CRP) level, preceded by an IL-6 increase, was observed. In the other two patients, CRP levels remained unchanged. It is speculated that, next to IL-6, another signal is operative or needed for the start of an acute phase reaction. However, influences of the disease itself or of the administered therapy cannot be excluded as the cause of the described discrepancy between IL-6 and acute phase protein profiles in these two SLE patients.
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PMID:Observations on the interleukin-6 and acute phase protein profiles in the disease course of patients with lupus erythematosus. 128 44

An improved knowledge of the initial prognostic factors of multiple myeloma and regular monitoring of the disease should result in the choice of the most effective treatment. The conventional prognostic factors have been divided into three stages by Durie and Salmon. These stages are based on the proportion and type of the monoclonal component, on haemoglobin, calcium and creatinine blood levels and on the extent of bone lesions. However, this widely used classification has certain disadvantages: the size of the tumoral mass is evaluated mainly from the proportion of monoclonal gammopathy, the bone lesions are difficult to determine and the kinetics of cell proliferation are not taken into account. Parameters with high prognostic value have recently been demonstrated; they include beta 2-microglobulin, LDH, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, serum albumin and kinetic of cell proliferation. When associated, these data allow to establish prognostic staying that are at least as relevant as those of the Durie-Salmon's classification. Monitoring of patients with multiple myeloma by means of a time-related curve of either the tumoral mass or the amount of monoclonal gammopathy leads to the best possible treatment.
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PMID:[Prognostic factors and monitoring of myeloma]. 128 67

The study objectives were to investigate serum levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) after liver transplantation to correlated measurements with various clinical parameters. Twenty-three patients were studied after orthotopic liver transplantation. Serum IL-6 activity was evaluated by testing its capacity to induce proliferation of the IL-6-dependent hybridoma cell line B9. CRP was assessed by a nephelometric method. Only two of seven patients with acute cellular rejection developed an increase of serum IL-6 and CRP. In contrast to this rejection group, elevated IL-6 levels were observed in 7/9 patients with bacterial infections. Peak values for IL-6 were observed one day and for CRP two days after clinical diagnosis of infection. CMV disease was also associated with markedly increased IL-6 and CRP levels in 5/7 patients. Surprisingly, levels in this condition were approximately in the same range as in bacterial infection. IL-6 and CRP serum levels seen in bacterial infection and CMV disease were significantly higher than those in rejection (P less than 0.001). Serum IL-6 activity was neutralized by an antiserum directed against recombinant human IL-6. Preferential elevations of IL-6 and CRP represent one feature of bacterial and viral infections. Elevation of TNF during rejection as described earlier is only rarely accompanied by increased serum IL-6 levels.
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PMID:Circulating serum levels of interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein after liver transplantation. 132 19

The authors describe a patient in whom the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other laboratory parameters were monitored. The IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, which were extremely high before treatment, declined rapidly with administration of prednisolone. Rheumatoid factor, IgG, and platelets count declined more gradually. Thus, determination of the serum IL-6 level might be useful in diagnosing and monitoring polyarteritis nodosa.
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PMID:Distinct responses of interleukin-6 and other laboratory parameters to treatment in a patient with polyarteritis nodosa--a case report. 135 Jul 13

We examined brains from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients by immunohistochemistry for the presence of protease inhibitors. Immunoreactivity for alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M), the most potent of the known human protease inhibitors, was found in a subgroup of cortical and hippocampal AD senile plaques. In addition, large hippocampal neurons in AD brains displayed intracellular alpha 2-M immunoreactivity which was consistently stronger than in normal aged brains. In cultured human cells of neurogenic origin (SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells), alpha 2-M synthesis could be strongly induced by the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) indicating that human alpha 2-M behaves as an acute-phase protein in the nervous system. Therefore, we also examined AD brains for the presence of IL-6 and found strong immunostaining in and around a subgroup of senile plaques as well as around large cortical neurons. Only very few senile plaques also stained for C-reactive protein, an acute phase protein known to be inducible by IL-6. We propose that the presence of IL-6 and alpha 2-M immunoreactivity in AD brains is functionally linked and that a sequence of immunological events is part of the pathology of AD.
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PMID:Detection of interleukin-6 and alpha 2-macroglobulin immunoreactivity in cortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease patients. 137 Sep 67

Okadaic acid (OA), a specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, inhibited in a dose-dependent manner (5-20 nM) the induction of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen by interleukin-6 (IL-6) plus interleukin-1 (IL-1), and of fibrinogen by IL-6 alone, in Hep 3B cells. Induction of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) by IL-6 plus IL-1 or IL-6 alone was not significantly affected by OA up to concentrations of 20 nM, above which concentration OA was toxic in Hep 3B cells. OA also inhibited the induction of CRP, fibrinogen and alpha 1-PI by IL-6 in the NPLC/PRF/5 cell line, albeit at a higher concentration (80 nM). These results suggest that the signal transduction mechanisms regulating induction of acute-phase proteins by IL-6, either alone or in combination with IL-1, are mediated by activation of protein phosphatases 1 and/or 2A.
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PMID:Okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, inhibits induction of acute-phase proteins by interleukin-6 alone or in combination with interleukin-1 in human hepatoma cell lines. 137 8

1. Leukocyte enumeration through flow cytometry has revealed that severe depression may be accompanied by a systemic immune activation, indicative of an inflammatory response. The latter condition allegedly involves an important modification of acute phase plasma protein (APP) equilibrium. 2. In order to elucidate whether the state of severe depression is represented by alterations in APPs, the authors measured: alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT), alpha 2 macroglobulin (alpha 2 M), haptoglobin (Hp), alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (alpha 1 S), transferrin (Tf), complement component 4 (C4) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Interleukin-1-beta (II-1 beta) and interleukin-6 (II-6) circulating levels were determined. 3. Hyperhaptoglobinemia and hypotransferrinemia are hallmarks for major depression and depression per se, respectively. The disorders in Hp and Tf circulating levels are highly sensitive to (83%) and specific for (100%) melancholia as opposed to the healthy state. 4. Disorders in both APPs are significantly related to the absolute number of blood monocytes. 5. The authors observed a trend towards lower alpha 2M and higher alpha 1S values in severely depressed subjects. Severity of depression was significantly related to Hp and alpha 1S (both positively) and to alpha 2M and Tf (both negatively) values. 6. No significant intercategory differences in C4 could be established, whilst only a few subjects exhibited measurable CRP, II-1 beta and II-6 circulating levels. 7. Our findings may support the hypothesis that depression is accompanied by an inflammatory response.
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PMID:Disturbances in acute phase plasma proteins during melancholia: additional evidence for the presence of an inflammatory process during that illness. 137 70

In order to study the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in inflammatory disease we monitored plasma levels of IL-6 and acute phase proteins such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and renin substrate (RS) in patients with reactive arthritis (ReA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Venous plasma samples were collected: (1) during the acute phase or exacerbation of the disease, and (2) several months latter during convalescence. Increased mean [95% confidence intervals (CI)] levels of plasma IL-6 were observed in patients with ReA both in the acute phase and later, 229 (177 to 280) ng/l and 197 (134 to 260) ng/l respectively (P less than 0.001 as compared to controls). The corresponding plasma IL-6 levels in RA patients were 283 (223 to 340) ng/l and 183 (151 to 226) ng/l, respectively (P less than 0.001 as compared to controls). Plasma IL-6 levels in SLE patients were not increased. Plasma RS levels were increased in all patient groups, but no significant correlation to IL-6 or CRP levels was observed, whereas plasma IL-6 and CRP levels showed a positive correlation in ReA and RA patients.
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PMID:Plasma interleukin-6 and renin substrate in reactive arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. 138 3

Cytokines are immunoregulatory molecules that are important mediators of the host response to stress and infection. Infants and children undergoing major surgery are particularly at risk of developing sepsis and have altered metabolic responses to surgical stress compared to adults. We have investigated the temporal sequence of cytokine responses in six infants (mean age, 11 +/- 7.5 months) undergoing pull-through operation for Hirschsprung's disease and correlated them with hemodynamic and biochemical parameters. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by ELISA preoperatively, intraoperatively (hourly), and 24 and 48 hours postoperatively. IL-6 levels increased significantly in all cases within 2 hours of commencement of the operation (P less than .01) and were maximal 24 hours postoperatively. No significant changes in IL-1 beta levels (mean range, 70 to 110 pg/mL) were seen in these patients. TNF levels were undetectable (less than 20 pg/mL) throughout the study. Cortisol levels were increased in all patients during operation. Serum C-reactive protein levels were first detected 24 hours postoperatively and continued to increase 48 hours postoperatively. Hemodynamically, heart rate increased during the first 3 hours of operation and correlated with increase in IL-6 levels. Blood pressure and temperature changes did not correlate with cytokine levels. This study identifies IL-6 as the earliest detectable cytokine response associated with major surgery in infants. It also suggests that IL-6 can be unregulated, independently of other cytokines, in response to surgical stress.
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PMID:Early induction of IL-6 in infants undergoing major abdominal surgery. 140 30

We have compared metabolic and respiratory changes after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n = 15) with those after open cholecystectomy (n = 15). The durations of postoperative i.v. therapy, fasting and hospital stay were significantly shorter in the laparoscopy group. During the first and second days after operation, analgesic consumption but not pain scores (visual analogue scale) were significantly smaller after laparoscopy, while vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and PaO2 were significantly greater. The metabolic and acute phase responses (glucose, leucocytosis, C-reactive protein) were less after laparoscopy compared with laparotomy. Although plasma cortisol and catecholamine concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups, after surgery interleukin-6 concentrations were less in the laparoscopy group.
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PMID:Metabolic and respiratory changes after cholecystectomy performed via laparotomy or laparoscopy. 849 22


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