UNIPROT:P05231 - FACTA Search

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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two myeloma patients presented high fever with no signs or data indicating infection at diagnosis or relapse. Both patients had plasmablastic myeloma, and serum levels of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and CRP were extremely high. Plasmablastic morphology, high LDH, and CRP were recognized as poor prognostic factors, indicating a fulminant phase of multiple myeloma. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was only high in measured cytokines. We proposed that IL-6 caused high fever and induced the fulminant phase in these 2 cases.
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PMID:Multiple myeloma presenting high fever and high serum levels of lactic dehydrogenase, CRP, and interleukin-6. 1081 94

Histamine released from dermal mast cells plays a central role in the increased vascular permeability in acute urticaria, and administration of anti-histamines usually suppresses development of wheals. Acute idiopathic urticaria, particularly a severe case, occasionally presents with acute inflammatory reactions such as low-grade fever and leukocytosis and is resistant to anti-histamines. Considering the wide spectrum of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that can be released from activated mast cells, some of them might be involved in the pathogenesis of urticaria. We measured plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in 16 cases of severe acute urticaria. None of them showed elevated plasma levels of IL-8 or TNF-alpha. Nine out of 16 acute urticaria patients showed elevated circulating IL-6 with concomitant increases in serum CRP levels. All such patients were resistant to conventional anti-histamine treatment and required systemic steroids for complete suppression of wheal development. After subsidence of the urticaria, their elevated IL-6 and CRP levels dropped to their normal ranges. In contrast, all but one patient without elevated circulating IL-6 was successfully treated with a H1 receptor antagonist, cetirizine. The data suggest involvement of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of severe acute urticaria that is resistant to anti-histamines.
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PMID:Acute urticaria with elevated circulating interleukin-6 is resistant to anti-histamine treatment. 1143 61

Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of osteoclastic activity and reduce the disease-related skeletal complications when they are used in combination with chemotherapy in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Pamidronate also inhibits apoptosis of primary osteoblastic cells and probably induces apoptosis on human MM cells and osteoclasts. It has been reported that interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) decreases bone resorption and that low doses of IFN-alpha result in a significant increase in serum osteocalcin (OSC). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of pamidronate treatment on biochemical markers of bone resorption [cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx)], bone formation [bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and OSC], disease activity [beta2-microglobulin, CRP, paraprotein], and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with MM in plateau phase under IFN-alpha maintenance. The above parameters were evaluated in 28 patients (13 M, 15 F, median age 70 years) during maintenance treatment, before the addition of pamidronate and after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 14 months of the combined therapy. The addition of pamidronate to maintenance treatment resulted in a significant reduction of NTx, IL-6, beta2-microglobulin, CRP from the 3rd month and paraprotein from the 6th month of treatment, whereas BAP and OSC were significantly increased from the 6th month. These changes continued during the 14-month follow-up of the combined treatment. Multivariate analysis showed a significant negative correlation between changes of BAP and OSC and the patients' age. The greater increase of the bone formation markers was observed in younger patients. These results suggest that, in addition to the inhibition of osteoclastic activity, pamidronate in combination with IFN-alpha was shown to induce bone formation in patients with MM in the plateau phase.
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PMID:Pamidronate increases markers of bone formation in patients with multiple myeloma in plateau phase under interferon-alpha treatment. 1168 35

Several studies have been demonstrated that endotoxin is a potent stimulus of the acute inflammatory response following traumatic injury. Although numerous studies have indicated that the extent of surgical intervention correlates well with the inflammatory response, the potential role of endotoxin as a trigger under those conditions still remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate whether or not the up-regulated inflammatory mediators are paralleled by increased endotoxin plasma levels during and following surgery, and whether the extent of surgical intervention represents a crucial factor under those conditions. To study this, plasma was collected at various time points during and after surgery from 52 patients subjected to abdominal surgery (i.e., major surgery) and 25 patients subjected to thyroid surgery (i.e., minor surgery). Plasma was assessed for endotoxin, endotoxin neutralizing capacity (ENC), and inflammatory mediators (leucotriene-C4 [LTC4]-, 6-keto-prostaglandin-F-1-alpha [PGF]-, thromboxane-B2 [TxB2], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and C-reactive protein [CRP]). Furthermore, splanchnic blood circulation was measured by determination of the intraluminal pH of the stomach and sigma (pHi) by intraluminal tonometry. Mesenteric lymph nodes were also collected at the time point of organ mobilization in the major surgery group and were assessed for bacterial translocation. Among all parameters investigated, endotoxin showed the most rapid changes. A significant increase in plasma levels of endotoxin and a decrease of ENC were found in the major surgery groups following induction of anesthesia and in the minor surgery groups after skin incision. Moreover, the incidence of elevated endotoxin levels was significantly higher (89% with elevated endotoxin levels) than the incidence of bacterial translocation (35% with gram-negative bacteria) in mesenterial lymph nodes of the major surgery group. pHi decreased significantly in both groups after skin incision, but no difference was observed between the major and minor surgery groups. Plasma mediators of the arachidonic acid cascade (LTC4, PGF, and TxB2) were only elevated in individual patients during and following surgery in both groups. Conversely, the post-operative increase in the acute phase mediators was significantly different in the major and minor surgery groups. IL-6 plasma levels peaked higher and earlier after major surgery than after minor surgery and the delayed increase of CRP was significantly greater in the major surgery group. In conclusion, the results indicate that plasma levels of endotoxin significantly correlate with the severity of the surgical intervention and may play an important role in inducing mediators of the acute phase reaction under such conditions.
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PMID:Inflammatory response during abdominal and thyroid surgery: a prospective clinical trial on mediator release. 1169 69

Atherosclerotic plaques were likened histologically to healing inflammatory lesions by Russell Ross, who proposed a "response to injury" hypothesis for their formation. More recently, intraplaque inflammation has been postulated to play a role in thinning of the fibrous cap, plaque rupture, and superadded thrombosis. Potential causes for vascular injury include mechanical stress, smoke exposure, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and chronic infection (direct, or indirect). Blood levels of inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein [CRP]; serum amyloid A [SAA]; fibrinogen; plasma viscosity; erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]; leukocyte count, low serum albumin) have been associated with vascular risk factors and with prevalent and incident atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) (coronary heart disease, [CHD]; stroke; and peripheral arterial disease). More recently, cytokines (e.g., interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and soluble adhesion molecules (e.g., intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) have been associated with both risk factors and disease; and offer potential therapeutic targets for nonspecific "anti-inflammatory" treatment of arterial disease. Infections associated with arterial disease include specific infections (Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori) and nonspecific infections (periodontal infections, respiratory tract infections). Recent meta-analyses have shown that associations of serum markers of C. pneumoniae and H. pylori with arterial disease, risk factors, or potential intermediary mechanisms for disease are weaker than was first suggested by early reports. Likewise, further studies and meta-analyses are required to evaluate the epidemiologic relationships of CVD to periodontal infection and disease and to chronic pulmonary infections and disease. The weaker the associations between chronic infections and CVD, the larger is the size of randomized controlled trials required to establish (or exclude) a preventive effect of infection treatment. While control of chronic infection in the mouth, stomach or lungs is appropriate for its local effects, proving its efficacy in prevention of CVD presents a continuing challenge to medical science.
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PMID:The relationship between infection, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease: an overview. 1188 52

Exaggerated cytokines productions and development of systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) is the most common cause of postoperative complications and death after major abdominal surgery. The present study was conducted to investigate alterations in systemic production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) after total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in surgical patients. Plasma concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in 22 patients (10 treated with TPN and 12 without TPN) before major surgery and on the days 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14-16 after, by ELISA test (indications for surgery: stomach, pancreatic and colon carcinoma, complications of IBD and acute pancreatitis). There were no differences between preoperative levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in the examined groups of patients. The highest (on the days 1, 3, 7, 10: 268.3 (p = 0.002), 41.9 (p = 0.03), 122.6 (p = 0.009), 29.3 (p = 0.03) pg/ml respectively) and longer lasting significantly elevated level of IL-6 was observed in the group of patients after major surgery without TPN. In the group of patients received TPN (with glutamine) there was a significantly increased but in comparison with group of patients without TPN, significantly lower level of IL-6 on days 1 and 7 (103.4 and 34.7 pg/ml respectively, p = 0.01). There was no significant change in postoperative concentration of IL-8 after major surgery in the group of patients treated with TPN. The level of IL-8 was significantly elevated (p = 0.01) in the group of patients without TPN on day 1 and 3 following surgery. The IL-8 level in the TPN group vs. group of patients without TPN was significantly lower on day 1 after surgery. After TPN concentration of cholesterol was significantly higher and CRP level significantly lower. We conclude that TPN improved immunological response to major surgical trauma by reduction of the inflammatory response.
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PMID:[Dynamic of IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in patients after surgery treated with total parenteral nutrition]. 1195 2

There is growing evidence that increased plasma concentrations of CRP strongly predict cardiovascular death in both non-renal and renal patient populations. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) system activity, which is the major mediator of the acute phase response, is often markedly up-regulated in uremic patients and has also been shown to predict outcome. This raises the issue of whether or not IL-6 per se may contribute to increased mortality from malnutrition and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in uremic patients. The causes of elevated IL-6 levels in the uremic circulation are not fully understood, although a number of factors prevalent in uremic patients, such as hypertension, adiposity, infections, and chronic heart failure may all contribute. However, factors associated with the dialysis procedure, such as bioincompatibility and non-sterile dialysate, may stimulate IL-6 production. Furthermore, available evidence suggests that genetic factors may also have an impact on circulating plasma IL-6 levels. We advance the hypothesis that IL-6 may play a central role in the genesis of inflammatory-driven malnutrition and that it may be regarded as a significant proatherogenic cytokine. This hypothesis may provide a rationale to test if targeted anti-cytokine therapy may be one way to combat the unacceptable high cardiovascular mortality rate among dialysis patients.
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PMID:Mortality, malnutrition, and atherosclerosis in ESRD: what is the role of interleukin-6? 1198 23

As regulators of malignant cell behaviour and communication with stroma, cytokines have proved useful in understanding cancer biology and developing novel therapies. In renal cell carcinoma, patients with inflammatory reactions are known to have poor prognosis. In order to elucidate the relation between renal cell carcinoma and the host, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, were measured. One hundred and twenty-two patients with renal cell carcinoma and 21 healthy control subjects were studied, and serum cytokine levels were measured using a highly sensitive ELISA kit. As a result, in the control group, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta levels were 1.79+/-2.03, 2.74+/-0.94 and 0.16+/-0.17 pg ml(-1), respectively. In the renal cell carcinoma patients, they were 8.91+/-13.12, 8.44+/-4.15 and 0.53+/-0.57 pg ml(-1), respectively, and significantly higher. In the comparison of stage, interleukin-6 level was significantly higher in the stage IV group compared to the other stage groups including the control group, while tumour necrosis factor alpha level was significantly higher in each stage group compared to the control group. As for grade, interleukin-6 level was significantly higher in the grade 3 group compared to the control, grade 1 and grade 2 groups, while tumour necrosis factor alpha level was significantly higher in each grade group compared to the control group. All cytokines had a positive correlation with tumour size. In regard to the correlation with CRP, all cytokines had a positive correlation with CRP, while interleukin-6 had a particularly strong correlation. In conclusion, interleukin-6 may be one of the factors for the poor prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma. In addition, tumour necrosis factor alpha may be useful in the early diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma and post-operative follow-up.
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PMID:Interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta in patients with renal cell carcinoma. 1198 70

Technetium 99m-2-methoxyisobutil-isonitrile (Tc-99m-MIBI), also called sestaMIBI, has been used successfully to detect malignant tumours at diagnosis. Recently, it has been proposed as a safe and effective tracer in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the value of the Tc-99m-MIBI uptake in disease detection and to assess the correlation between the uptake of this scintigraphy agent and prognostic factors in newly diagnosed MM patients. Thirty-five untreated patients were enrolled in the study. Tc-99m-MIBI scanning was performed in 33 patients after intravenous injection of 7.4 MBq/kg. Whole-body anterior and posterior scans were obtained after 30 min, 60 min, 2 and 4 h. The correlation between known prognostic factors of MM and the intensity of Tc-99m-MIBI uptake was assessed. Our results showed seven patients with an intensity score of I0, 12 patients with I1, eight patients with I2 and six patients with a score of I3. There was a positive correlation between Tc-99m-MIBI intensity and C-reactive protein (CRP; r=0.506, P < 0.01), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; r=0.368, P < 0.05), beta2- microglobulin (beta2M; r=0.749, P < 0.001), interleukin-6 (IL-6; r=0.823, P < 0.001), soluble Interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6r; r=0.806, P < 0.001), serum calcium (r=0.578, P < 0.001) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP; r=0.472, P < 0.01). An inverse correlation was found between Tc-99m-MIBI intensity and osteocalcin (OC) and type I procollagen carboxyterminal propeptide (PICP). In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that more extensive disease activity, as determined by high levels of CRP, beta2M, IL-6 and sIL-6r correlated with a higher uptake of the radiotracer.
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PMID:Correlation between the uptake of Tc-99m-sestaMIBI and prognostic factors in patients with multiple myeloma. 1206 79

One out of ten cases of acute pancreatitis develops into severe acute pancreatitis which is a life threatening disorder with a high mortality rate. The other nine cases are self limiting and need very little therapy. The specificity of good clinical judgement on admission, concerning the prognosis of the attack, is high (high specificity) but misses a lot of severe cases (low sensitivity). The prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis was first suggested by John HC Ranson in 1974. Much effort has been put into finding a simple scoring system or a good biochemical marker for selecting the severe cases of acute pancreatitis immediately on admission. Today C-reactive protein is the method of choice although this marker is not valid until 48-72 hours after the onset of pain. Inflammatory mediators upstream from CRP like interleukin-6 and other cytokines are likely to react faster and preliminary results for some of these mediators look promising. Another successful approach has been to study markers for the activation of trypsinogen such as TAP and CAPAP. This is based on studies showing that active trypsin is the initial motor of the inflammatory process in acute pancreatitis. In the near future a combined clinical and laboratory approach for early severity prediction will be the most reliable. Clinical judgement predicts 1/3 of the severe cases on admission and early markers for either inflammation or trypsinogen activation should accurately identify 50-60% of the mild cases among the rest, thus missing only 2-4% of the remaining severe cases. One problem is that there is no simple and fast method to analyze any of these parameters.
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PMID:Early prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis. Is this possible? 1222 26

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