Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We previously showed that endothelin-1 (ET-1) stimulates the synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a potent bone resorptive agent, in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, and that protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase plays a part in the IL-6 synthesis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the major flavonoids containing in green tea, on ET-1-induced IL-6 synthesis in osteoblasts and the underlying mechanism. EGCG significantly reduced the synthesis of IL-6 stimulated by ET-1 in MC3T3-E1 cells as well primary cultured mouse osteoblasts. SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, but not SP600125, a specific SAPK/JNK inhibitor, suppressed ET-1-stimulated IL-6 synthesis. ET-1-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase was not affected by EGCG. On the other hand, EGCG suppressed the phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by ET-1. Both the IL-6 synthesis and the phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a direct activator of PKC, were markedly suppressed by EGCG. The phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and Raf-1 induced by ET-1 or TPA were also inhibited by EGCG. These results strongly suggest that EGCG inhibits ET-1-stimulated synthesis of IL-6 via suppression of p44/p42 MAP kinase pathway in osteoblasts, and the inhibitory effect is exerted at a point between PKC and Raf-1 in the ET-1 signaling cascade.
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PMID:(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate suppresses endothelin-1-induced interleukin-6 synthesis in osteoblasts: inhibition of p44/p42 MAP kinase activation. 1735 Jun 26

We have previously reported that endothelin-1 (ET-1) stimulates interleukin-6 (IL-6), a potent bone resorptive agent, through p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and p38 MAP kinase in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of Rho-kinase in the ET-1-stimulated IL-6 synthesis in MC3T3-E1 cells. ET-1 time-dependently induced the phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT-1), a Rho-kinase substrate. Y27632, a specific inhibitor of Rho-kinase, significantly suppressed the IL-6 synthesis induced by ET-1 as well as the MYPT-1 phosphorylation. Fasudil, another inhibitor of Rho-kinase, reduced the ET-1-stimulated IL-6 synthesis. Y27632 as well as fasudil attenuated the ET-1-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase but not p44/p42 MAP kinase. These results strongly suggest that Rho-kinase regulates ET-1-stimulated IL-6 synthesis through p38 MAP kinase activation in osteoblasts.
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PMID:Rho-kinase regulates endothelin-1-stimulated IL-6 synthesis via p38 MAP kinase in osteoblasts. 1782 50

Chicken thrombocytes are equivalent in hemostatic function to mammalian platelets. Platelets are enucleated components of mammalian blood, while thrombocytes are nucleated blood leukocytes of chickens. Platelets and thrombocytes share characteristics that contribute to innate immunity. Experiments were conducted to determine if thrombocytes could respond in vitro to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Salmonella minnesota through Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). The aim was to activate the signal pathways leading to expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and to production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Chicken thrombocytes were found to express TLR4, and LPS-induced an increase in thrombocyte mRNA expression of IL-6 and COX-2 with release of PGE2 into culture media. An increase of COX-2 and PGE2 due to LPS stimulation was inhibited by MEK1 inhibitor PD98059, but IL-6 expression was unaffected by PD98059. The IKK-2 inhibitor BMS345541 inhibited IL-6 and COX-2 with reduction of PGE2 concentrations. Therefore, the MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway activates expression of COX-2 and ultimately PGE2 production, but this pathway has little or no influence on IL-6 expression in thrombocytes. The NF-kappaB pathway also influences COX-2 expression and PGE2 production, and it is a primary activation signaling cascade for IL-6 gene expression in chicken thrombocytes. Thrombocytes represent a major component of the innate immune system of chickens in response to LPS and possibly other microbial products.
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PMID:Thrombocytes respond to lipopolysaccharide through Toll-like receptor-4, and MAP kinase and NF-kappaB pathways leading to expression of interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 with production of prostaglandin E2. 1782 13

We have reported that prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) stimulates the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, we recently showed that phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase activated by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) negatively regulates the interleukin-6 synthesis in these cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of PDGF-BB on the PGF2alpha-induced VEGF synthesis in MC3T3-E1 cells. PDGF-BB, which alone did not affect the levels of VEGF, significantly enhanced the PGF2alpha-stimulated VEGF synthesis. The amplifying effect of PDGF-BB was dose dependent in the range between 10 and 70 ng/ml. LY294002 or wortmannin, specific inhibitors of PI3-kinase, which by itself failed to affect the PGF2alpha-stimulated VEGF synthesis, significantly suppressed the amplification by PDGF-BB. PD98059, a specific inhibitor of MEK1/2, suppressed the amplification by PDGF-BB of the PGF2alpha-stimulated VEGF synthesis similar to the levels of PGF2alpha with PD98059. PDGF-BB itself induced the phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase in these cells, and the effects of PDGF-BB and PGF2alpha on the phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase were additive. Moreover, LY294002 had little effect on the phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by PGF2alpha with PDGF-BB. These results strongly suggest that PGF2alpha-stimulated VEGF synthesis is amplified by PI3-kinase-mediating PDGF-BB signaling in osteoblasts, and that the effect is exerted at a point downstream from p44/p42 MAP kinase.
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PMID:Platelet-derived growth factor-BB amplifies PGF2alpha-stimulated VEGF synthesis in osteoblasts: function of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. 1798 May 68

We previously showed that basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) activates the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells and that p38 MAP kinase functions as a positive regulator in the FGF-2-stimulated synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a potent bone-resorptive agent, in these cells. In the present study, we investigated the exact mechanism of IL-6 and the effects of (-)-epi-gallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the major green tea flavonoids, on the synthesis of IL-6. PD98059, an inhibitor of MEK, but not SP600125, an inhibitor of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase, suppressed FGF-2-stimulated IL-6 synthesis. EGCG significantly reduced the IL-6 synthesis stimulated by FGF-2 in a dose-dependent manner. EGCG attenuated the FGF-2-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase and p38 MAP kinase. These results strongly suggest that EGCG inhibits the FGF-2-stimulated synthesis of IL-6 at least partly via suppression of the p44/p42 MAP kinase pathway and the p38 MAP kinase pathway in osteoblasts.
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PMID:(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits basic fibroblast growth factor-stimulated interleukin-6 synthesis in osteoblasts. 1850 Jun 74

We have previously reported that prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) stimulates interleukin-6 (IL-6), a potent bone resorptive agent, through p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated whether Rho-kinase is implicated in the PGF(2alpha)-stimulated IL-6 synthesis in MC3T3-E1 cells. PGF(2alpha) time-dependently induced the phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT-1), a Rho-kinase substrate. Y27632, a specific Rho-kinase inhibitor, significantly reduced the PGF(2alpha)-stimulated IL-6 synthesis as well as the MYPT-1 phosphorylation. Fasudil, another inhibitor of Rho-kinase, suppressed the PGF(2alpha)-stimulated IL-6 synthesis. Y27632 and fasudil failed to affect the PGF(2alpha)-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase. SB203580 and BIRB0796, potent inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase, suppressed the IL-6 synthesis induced by PGF(2alpha). While SP600125, an inhibitor of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK), failed to reduce the synthesis. Y27632 as well as fasudil attenuated the PGF(2alpha)-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase. These results strongly suggest that Rho-kinase regulates PGF(2alpha)-stimulated IL-6 synthesis via p38 MAP kinase activation in osteoblasts.
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PMID:Involvement of Rho-kinase in prostaglandin F2alpha-stimulated interleukin-6 synthesis via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in osteoblasts. 1858 82

We have previously reported that prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) stimulates interleukin-6 (IL-6), a potent bone resorptive agent, in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated whether Rho-kinase is implicated in the PGD2-stimulated IL-6 synthesis in MC3T3-E1 cells. PGD2 time-dependently induced the phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT-1), a Rho-kinase substrate. Y27632, a specific Rho-kinase inhibitor, significantly reduced the PGD2-stimulated IL-6 synthesis as well as the MYPT-1 phosphorylation. Fasudil, another inhibitor of Rho-kinase, suppressed the PGD2-stimulated IL-6 synthesis. The PGD2-stimulated IL-6 synthesis was reduced by PD98059, a MEK inhibitor, and SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, but not SP600125, an inhibitor of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK). However, Y27632 and fasudil failed to affect the PGD2-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase. On the other hand, Y27632 as well as fasudil markedly attenuated the PGD2-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase. In addition, PGD2 additively induced IL-6 synthesis in combination with endothelin-1 which induces IL-6 synthesis through p38 MAP kinase regulated by Rho-kinase. These results strongly suggest that Rho-kinase regulates PGD2-stimulated IL-6 synthesis via p38 MAP kinase activation in osteoblasts.
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PMID:Function of Rho-kinase in prostaglandin D2-induced interleukin-6 synthesis in osteoblasts. 1877 7

We previously showed that the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily, p44/p42 MAP kinase, p38 MAP kinase, and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal (JNK), positively plays a part in the platelet-derived growth factor-BB- (PDGF-BB-) stimulated synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a potent bone resorptive agent, in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells while Akt and p70 S6 kinase negatively regulates the synthesis. In the present study, we investigated whether (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the major green tea flavonoids, affects the synthesis of IL-6 in these cells and the mechanism. EGCG significantly reduced the IL-6 synthesis and IL-6 mRNA expression stimulated by PDGF-BB, EGCG reduced the PDGF-BB-stimulated IL-6 synthesis also in primary-cultured osteoblasts. EGCG had no effect on the levels of osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin in MC3T3-E1 cells. The PDGF-BB-induced autophosphorylation of PDGF receptor beta was not suppressed by EGCG. The PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase and p38 MAP kinase was not affected by EGCG. On the other hand, EGCG markedly suppressed the PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK. Finally, the PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of Akt and p70 S6 kinase was not affected by EGCG. These results strongly suggest that EGCG inhibits the PDGF-BB-stimulated synthesis of IL-6 via suppression of SAPK/JNK pathway in osteoblasts.
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PMID:(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate reduces platelet-derived growth factor-BB-stimulated interleukin-6 synthesis in osteoblasts: suppression of SAPK/JNK. 1914 96

Anemarrhena asphodeloides is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, and is known to have anti-diabetic and diuretic effects. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of anemarsaponin B (ASB), a steroidal saponin isolated from the rhizomes of A. asphodeloides (Liliaceae), in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. ASB significantly and dose-dependently decreased the protein and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). ASB also reduced the expressions and productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including those of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and reporter gene assays revealed that ASB attenuated the LPS-induced DNA binding and transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB). In addition, it was found that pretreatment with ASB significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB by blocking the phosphorylation of inhibitory kappa B-alpha (IkappaB-alpha). On the other hand, ASB inhibited the phosphorylation of MAP kinase kinases 3/6 (MKK3/6) and mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3), which are both involved in the p38 pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that anti-inflammatory effect of ASB in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages is associated with the inhibition of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity, possibly via the p38 MAP kinase pathway.
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PMID:Anti-inflammatory effect of anemarsaponin B isolated from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages is mediated by negative regulation of the nuclear factor-kappaB and p38 pathways. 1937 80

The endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) plays a pivotal role in coagulation, inflammation, cell proliferation, and cancer, but its activity is markedly changed by ectodomain cleavage and release as the soluble protein (sEPCR). In this study we examined the mechanisms involved in the regulation of EPCR shedding in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC). Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), but not interferon-gamma and interleukin-6, suppressed EPCR mRNA transcription and cell-associated EPCR expression in HUVEC. The release of sEPCR induced by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha correlated with activation of p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). EPCR shedding was also induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, ionomycin, anisomycin, thiol oxidants or alkylators, thrombin, and disruptors of lipid rafts. Both basal and induced shedding of EPCR was blocked by the metalloproteinase inhibitors, TAPI-0 and GM6001, and by the reduced non-protein thiols, glutathione, dihydrolipoic acid, dithiothreitol, and N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Because other antioxidants and scavengers of reactive oxygen species failed to block the cleavage of EPCR, a direct suppression of metalloproteinase activity seems responsible for the observed effects of reduced thiols. In summary, the shedding of EPCR in HUVEC is effectively regulated by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, and downstream by MAP kinase signaling pathways and metalloproteinases.
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PMID:Regulation of endothelial protein C receptor shedding by cytokines is mediated through differential activation of MAP kinase signaling pathways. 1946 28


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