Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The coupling of isoelectric focusing on immobilized pH gradients (IPG) with electrospray-mass spectrometry (ES-MS) was applied to the characterization of proteins according to two different and important properties, such as net surface charge and molecular mass. From a technical point of view, these methods are complementary, since ES-MS requires ion-free samples as usually supplied by isoelectric focusing on IPGs. This report describes the experiments carried out on model proteins to demonstrate the feasibility of the sequential application of these two techniques for the characterization of proteins. A minimum of 5 micrograms protein was needed for good signal by mass spectrometry. The following proteins were studied: myoglobin, truncated interleukin-6-mutein, recombinant cytochrome c551 and insulin-like growth factor I. Extraction from the IPG matrix was carried out in 70% acetonitrile/30% water/0.05% trifluoroacetic acid either by passive diffusion or by centrifugation through a 0.22 micron Amicon membrane, with protein recoveries of 80-85%.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of proteins by sequential isoelectric focusing on immobilized pH gradients and electrospray mass spectrometry. 852 1

We analyzed adaptation mechanisms regulating systemic inflammatory response of the stressed body by using an experimental challenge of repeated exercise bouts and accompanying muscle inflammation. Eight untrained men bicycled at 90 W for 90 min, 3 days in a row. Exercise induced peripheral neutrophilia with a leftward shift of neutrophil nucleus and neutrophil priming for oxidative activity determined by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Plasma growth hormone and interleukin-6 rose significantly after exercise and were closely correlated with the neutrophil responses. Serum creatine kinase and myoglobin levels as muscle damage markers rose after exercise in "delayed onset" and were closely correlated with the preceding neutrophil responses. These exercise-induced responses were strongest on day 1, but the magnitude gradually decreased with progressive daily exercise. In contrast, the magnitude of catecholamine responses to exercise sessions gradually rose, possibly suppressing neutrophil oxidative responses. These results indicate that stress-induced systemic release of bioactive substances may determine neutrophil mobilization and functional status, which then may affect local tissue damage of susceptible organs.
 ...
PMID:Endurance exercise causes interaction among stress hormones, cytokines, neutrophil dynamics, and muscle damage. 1051 64

There has been no investigation to determine if the widely used over-the-counter, water-soluble antioxidants vitamin C and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) could act as pro-oxidants in humans during inflammatory conditions. We induced an acute-phase inflammatory response by an eccentric arm muscle injury. The inflammation was characterized by edema, swelling, pain, and increases in plasma inflammatory indicators, myeloperoxidase and interleukin-6. Immediately following the injury, subjects consumed a placebo or vitamin C (12.5 mg/kg body weight) and NAC (10 mg/kg body weight) for 7 d. The resulting muscle injury caused increased levels of serum bleomycin-detectable iron and the amount of iron was higher in the vitamin C and NAC group. The concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin were significantly elevated 2, 3, and 4 d postinjury and returned to baseline levels by day 7. In addition, LDH and CK activities were elevated to a greater extent in the vitamin C and NAC group. Levels of markers for oxidative stress (lipid hydroperoxides and 8-iso prostaglandin F2alpha; 8-Iso-PGF2alpha) and antioxidant enzyme activities were also elevated post-injury. The subjects receiving vitamin C and NAC had higher levels of lipid hydroperoxides and 8-Iso-PGF2alpha 2 d after the exercise. This acute human inflammatory model strongly suggests that vitamin C and NAC supplementation immediately post-injury, transiently increases tissue damage and oxidative stress.
 ...
PMID:Supplementation with vitamin C and N-acetyl-cysteine increases oxidative stress in humans after an acute muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise. 1155 12

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether 2 weeks of vitamin C supplementation affects recovery from an unaccustomed bout of exercise. Sixteen male subjects were allocated to either a placebo (P; n = 8) or vitamin C group (VC; n = 8). The VC group consumed 200 mg of ascorbic acid twice a day, whereas the P group consumed identical capsules containing 200 mg of lactose. Subjects performed a prolonged (90-min) intermittent shuttle-running test 14 days after supplementation began. Post-exercise serum creatine kinase activities and myoglobin concentrations were unaffected by supplementation. However, vitamin C supplementation had modest beneficial effects on muscle soreness, muscle function, and plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde. Furthermore, although plasma interleukin-6 increased immediately after exercise in both groups, values in the VC group were lower than in the P group 2 hours after exercise (p < .05). These results suggest that prolonged vitamin C supplementation has some modest beneficial effects on recovery from unaccustomed exercise.
 ...
PMID:Prolonged vitamin C supplementation and recovery from demanding exercise. 1191 81

The aim of this study was to investigate whether post-exercise vitamin C supplementation influences recovery from an unaccustomed bout of exercise. Sixteen male subjects were allocated to either a placebo (P; n=8) or vitamin C (VC) group ( n=8). Subjects performed a prolonged (90-min) intermittent shuttle-running test, and supplementation began after the cessation of exercise. Immediately after exercise the VC group consumed 200 mg of VC dissolved in a 500 ml drink, whereas the subjects in the P group consumed the drink alone. Later on the same day and then in the morning and evening of the following 2 days, subjects consumed additional identical drinks. Plasma VC concentrations in the VC group increased above those in the P group 1 h after exercise and remained above P values for the 3 days after exercise. Nevertheless, post-exercise VC supplementation was not associated with improved recovery. Post-exercise serum creatine kinase activities and myoglobin concentrations were unaffected by supplementation. Muscle soreness and the recovery of muscle function in the leg flexors and extensors were not different in VC and P groups. Furthermore, although plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 and malondialdehyde increased following exercise, there was no difference between VC and P groups. These results suggest that either free radicals are not involved in delaying the recovery process following a bout of unaccustomed exercise, or that the consumption of VC wholly after exercise is unable to deliver this antioxidant to the appropriate sites with sufficient expediency to improve recovery.
 ...
PMID:Post-exercise vitamin C supplementation and recovery from demanding exercise. 1268 38

We have previously shown that vitamin C supplementation affects recovery from an unaccustomed bout of demanding exercise, with the most pronounced effect being that on plasma interleukin-6 concentration. However, because of the proposed role of interleukin-6 in the regulation of metabolism, it was unclear whether this represented a reduced response to muscle damage or some form of interaction with the metabolic demands of the activity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the same form of supplementation on a bout of exercise that initiated similar muscle damage but had a low metabolic cost. Fourteen male subjects were allocated to either a placebo (P) or a vitamin C (VC) group. The VC group consumed 200 mg of ascorbic acid twice a day for 14 days prior to a bout of exercise and for the 3 days after exercise. The P group consumed identical capsules that contained 200 mg lactose. Subjects performed 30 min of downhill running at a gradient of -18% and recovery was monitored for up to 3 days after exercise. Plasma VC concentrations in the VC group increased following supplementation. Nevertheless, downhill running provoked a similar increase in circulating markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase activity and myoglobin concentration) and muscle soreness in P and VC groups. Similarly, although downhill running increased plasma interleukin-6, there was no effect from VC supplementation. These results suggest that vitamin C supplementation does not affect interleukin-6 concentrations following eccentric exercise that has a low metabolic component.
 ...
PMID:Prolonged vitamin C supplementation and recovery from eccentric exercise. 1502 66

Physical exercise is associated with elevation of serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) because of its production in the muscles. The use of IL-6 measurements in saliva has been proposed in the field of immunopathology, mainly involving salivary gland disease. We evaluated the responses of serum and salivary IL-6 in two different groups of athletes submitted to different types of controlled strenuous exercise (spinning activity and maximal isokinetic test). Serum and salivary samples for IL-6 measurements, and serum samples for lactate and myoglobin determination before and after exercise, were obtained. Salivary IL-6 was measured by ELISA after dilution experiments and compared with results obtained by immunoradiometric assay. Spinning activity elicited significant increases in all the variables, and no correlation was found among the respective variations. A significant response to the isokinetic exercise was observed for serum IL-6, lactate and myoglobin only; no correlation was found between serum and salivary IL-6. Our study demonstrated that serum and salivary IL-6 responses to exercise are dissociated, possibly in relation to the lack of relationships between the systemic/muscular and the salivary routes of IL-6 production. Analytical issues that concern IL-6 measurement in saliva deserve attention, notably regarding the collection method used to absorb saliva. Concomitant monitoring of serum markers of inflammation, muscle metabolism and damage can provide information about muscle function properties and adaptations to physical effort in different types of athletes.
 ...
PMID:Differential responses of serum and salivary interleukin-6 to acute strenuous exercise. 1577 97

Exercise stimulates the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Aims of the study were to: (a) analyse the IL-6 response to exercise in power (n = 7) and endurance athletes (n = 13); (b) determine the effects of the IL-6 production on mechanical and myoelectric fatigue; (c) evaluate the relationship between IL-6 and adrenocortical responses. EMG variables (conduction velocity, mean power frequency, average rectified value), ACTH, cortisol, DHEA, IL-6, myoglobin, and lactate were analysed before and after an isokinetic exercise. The exercise elicited significant mechanical and myoelectric fatigue as well as significant biochemical responses. Power athletes showed IL-6 and lactate responses higher than endurance athletes. The correlation analyses showed that the greater the mechanical fatigue, the greater the increases in lactate and IL-6. No correlations were found between IL-6 and EMG variables. No relationships were found between IL-6 and cortisol, after correction for ACTH levels. In conclusion, the muscular IL-6 production, as inferred by its circulating levels, had no detectable effects on the myoelectric manifestations of fatigue and the cortisol response to exercise was not related to the amount of circulating IL-6, but only to the activation of ACTH secretion.
 ...
PMID:Interleukin-6 response to isokinetic exercise in elite athletes: relationships to adrenocortical function and to mechanical and myoelectric fatigue. 1695 49

Reduction of the nonspecific serum protein adsorption on a gold surface to levels low enough to allow the detection of biomarkers in complex media has been achieved using the N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid. Carboxymethylated dextran (CM dextran), which is widely used, nonspecifically adsorbs enough proteins to mask the signal from target biomarkers in complex solutions such as serum or blood. The use of short-chain thiols greatly reduces the amount of nonspecific protein adsorption. Mixed layers of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid or the NHS ester of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid mixed layers with either 11-mercaptoundecanol or undecanethiol, and 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid or the NHS ester of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid with hexadecanethiol, were also investigated for nonspecific protein binding properties as well as for biomarker signal response. The NHS ester of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid exhibits the largest signal for the biomarker myoglobin (including CM dextran) while offering a significantly diminished amount of nonspecific binding. The sensor has also been shown to detect interleukin-6 in cell culture media containing protein concentrations of at least 4 mg/mL.
 ...
PMID:Reduction of nonspecific protein binding on surface plasmon resonance biosensors. 1708 91

Severe crush injury results in a high mortality rate because of acute circulatory failure and hyperkalemia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether administration of prophylactic-recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhsTM) and/or fluid-volume resuscitation before reperfusion attenuates severe crush injury in rats. Both hindlimbs of anesthetized rats were compressed for 6 h under blocks weighing 3.5 kg each, followed by 3 h of reperfusion. In the first group, fluid resuscitation with normal saline (1 mL/kg/h) was performed throughout the experiment. In the second group, volume resuscitation treatment with normal saline (10 mL/kg/h) was initiated 60 min before the end of the crush period and was continued until the end of the experiment. In the third group, normal saline-resuscitation treatment plus rhsTM (3 mg/kg) was performed. In the fourth group, volume resuscitation treatment plus rhsTM was performed. Blood samples were collected 6 h after the end of the crush period. Complete blood count and platelets were measured. In addition, serum lactate, base deficit, serum potassium, creatine phosphokinase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, myoglobin, and some cytokines were evaluated. In another experiment, survival of each group was monitored for 72 h after the end of the crush period. Combined administration of rhsTM and volume resuscitation significantly decreased hemoconcentration and hyperkalemia. The serum interleukin-6 level and mortality were also significantly improved in the combination group compared with those in the other groups. We conclude that prophylactic combination of rhsTM administration and volume resuscitation may be an effective therapy for severe crush injury.
 ...
PMID:Synergistic effects of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin and fluid-volume resuscitation in a rat lethal crush injury model. 1711 33


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>