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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human colorectal carcinoma cells that were treated in vitro with interleukin-6 (IL-6) expressed increased levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and normal histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I on their cell surface. The IL-6 mediated increase of CEA expression on the surface of a moderately differentiated colon carcinoma cell line (WiDr) was time- and dose-dependent. A 5-day treatment of the WiDr cells with 100 U IL-6/ml increased the percentage of cells that expressed CEA from 29 to > 80% and enhanced the level of HLA class I expression. The increase in CEA expression as a result of IL-6 treatment was also observed using SDS-PAGE/Western blot analyses, and subsequent Northern blot analyses revealed concomitant increases in CEA-related mRNA transcripts. A comparison of the increases in CEA expression after IL-6, interferon-beta, and interferon-gamma on a nanomolar basis revealed that IL-6 was more potent than either of the interferons. Of 11 different human colorectal tumor cell lines that were treated with IL-6, CEA and/or HLA class I expression were increased in five. Thus, IL-6 can act directly on human colon carcinoma cells and selectively increase the expression of CEA and HLA class I antigens, which may provide some insight into the mechanisms involved in the ability of IL-6 to suppress in vivo tumor growth.
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PMID:Interleukin-6 increases carcinoembryonic antigen and histocompatibility leukocyte antigen expression on the surface of human colorectal carcinoma cells. 147 74

We established a new cell line (TC-1) from primary site of a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patient. Its doubling time in tissue culture was 20 hours at 45th passage and mycoplasma contamination test was negative. The karyotypic analysis demonstrated a human karyotype with a modal number of 70. A consistent chromosomal abnormality was noted such as No. 4 monosomy, No. 7 trisomy and a loss of Y chromosome. Electron microscopic examination showed a brush border, vacuoles and abundant glycogen granules in the cytoplasm, which was compatible with RCC cells. This cell line was transplantable to nude mice and the grown tumor closely resembled the original tumor, i.e. clear cell type and hypervascularity. High titer of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was detected in the supernatant of TC-1 cell culture (approximately 5 ng/ml) as well as in sera of nude mice bearing this tumor (260 pg/ml). Exogenous IL-6 did not enhance the TC-1 cell proliferation as determined by cell count. Flow cytometric analysis could not demonstrate the existence of IL-6 receptor on the cell surface. These results suggested the produced IL-6 did not act as an autocrine growth factor in the cell line. Additional IL-1 alpha to the culture medium induced 3-4 times higher concentration of IL-6 in the culture supernatant compared with that of non-stimulating cells, while exogenous TNF alpha did not stimulate IL-6 production.
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PMID:[Establishment of a new human renal cancer cell line (TC-1) and its productivity of interleukin-6 (IL-6)]. 147 60

For the past several years immunologists have been fascinated by a series of experiments showing that transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) suppresses T- and B-lymphocyte growth as well as IgM and IgG production by B cells. Moreover, while exerting chemotactic activity on monocytes and inducing expression of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 by these cells, TGF beta interferes with bacterially induced tumor necrosis factor alpha production, oxygen radical formation and the adhesiveness of granulocytes to endothelial cells. These mechanisms may provide the basis for the effect of TGF beta to prevent the microvascular changes associated with brain edema formation in bacterial meningitis. Given the potential of lymphocytes as well as macrophages to produce TGF beta 1, this cytokine may exert negative feedback signals on the immune response, provided the cytokine is processed from its latent form to the bioactive homodimer. Potent effects of TGF beta have been observed in experimental animals including the inhibition of the generation of virus-specific cytotoxic T cells and antiviral antibodies as well as the diminution of cellular infiltrates with decreased major histocompatibility complex class-II expression and CD8+ T cells in the tissue of virally infected animals. TGF beta may also be of importance in tumor immunology. By the production of bioactive TGF beta as detected in glioblastoma and acute T-cell leukemia, tumor cells may induce an immunodeficiency state and escape immune surveillance. In inflammation, monitoring of TGF beta in the tissue will bring light on the immune regulation in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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PMID:Modulation of the immune response by transforming growth factor beta. 148 57

The cytokine levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor-necrosis-factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were studied in 12 healthy volunteers at 11 different times of day. TNF-alpha levels were below the detection limit, and IL-6 levels were at baseline values of the respective assay used. Interindividual variations were found for the plasma levels of sIL-2R (179-524 U/ml). Shedded IL-2 receptors displayed a pronounced circadian phase-dependency (p less than 0.0001) with a peak value at 12:29 h and a trough at 4:14 h when a complex cosine function (period lengths: 24 h plus 12 h) was fitted to the data. These findings may be of importance when using sIL-2R as a diagnostic tool as well as in controlling efficacy of drug treatment.
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PMID:Circadian rhythm of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in healthy individuals. 149 63

To investigate the correlation between interleukin-6 and urothelial neoplasms, interleukin-6 activities in blood and urine samples of patients with bladder carcinoma were measured with a proliferation assay using an interleukin-6 dependent murine hybridoma clone, MH60.BSF2. A total of 43 patients and 15 normal volunteers were entered into this study. All of the patients were examined preoperatively and 26 were reexamined more than 6 days postoperatively to eliminate the effect of surgical injury on interleukin-6 secretion. The interleukin-6 titers in urine and serum increased in accordance with the progression of the tumor stage, and tumor removal induced a remarkable decrease in the titer of urinary interleukin-6. Although the interleukin-6-producing site has not been elucidated yet, our study suggests that interleukin-6 activity in bladder carcinoma patients may reflect the immunoreaction against the tumor in local urothelium.
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PMID:Interleukin-6 activity in urine and serum in patients with bladder carcinoma. 151 27

Malignant gliomas are characteristically surrounded by marked gliosis. To assess whether glioma-derived products contribute to the proliferation of astrocytes, a feature of the gliosis response, we evaluated the influence of culture supernatants from malignant human glioma lines and tumor cyst fluids collected from two patients with glioblastoma multiforme on the proliferation of non-transformed adult human astrocytes. Both the culture supernatants and cyst fluids significantly increased DNA synthesis in astrocytes as assessed by a double immunofluorescence glial fibrillary acidic protein-bromodeoxyuridine technique. The net proliferative effect mediated by glioma cell line supernatants was tumor growth phase-dependent, being preferentially expressed during the logarithmic phase of glioma cell growth. Specific growth factor molecules and cytokines known to be secreted by gliomas (epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) could not reproduce the mitogenic effects of the glioma-derived soluble factors. Cytokines which can induce DNA synthesis by adult human astrocytes in vitro, gamma-interferon and interleukin-1, were not detected in the culture supernatant of glioma lines used in this study. In conjunction with the documented effects of glioma products on endothelial and lymphoid cells, the current study suggests that soluble glioma products can contribute to the production of surrounding gliosis observed in vivo.
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PMID:Malignant glioma-derived soluble factors regulate proliferation of normal adult human astrocytes. 151 71

The human erythroleukemia (K562) cell line is induced to differentiate into megakaryocytic cells by treatment with the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). PMA-induced differentiation is characterized by (1) almost complete cessation of cellular proliferation, (2) expression of the megakaryocytic cell surface marker glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (gpIIIa), (3) increased secretion of granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and (4) increased secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6). PMA-induced differentiation is dose-dependent with maximal activity seen at 10 nM PMA. In contrast, bryostatin (bryo), a structurally distinct protein kinase C (PKC) activator, fails to induce megakaryocytic differentiation or growth arrest at the concentrations tested (0.01-100 nM). Rather, bryo inhibits PMA-induced growth arrest and megakaryocytic differentiation in a dose-dependent fashion (full inhibition at 100 nM). The divergent biological effects of PMA and bryo correspond to the differential activation and translocation of PKC isotypes in K562 cells. PKC isotype analysis demonstrates that undifferentiated cells express both alpha and beta II PKC but no detectable beta I, gamma or epsilon PKC. Treatment of cells with either PMA or bryo leads to rapid translocation of both alpha and beta II PKC from the cytosol to the non-nuclear particulate fraction. However, bryo also induces selective translocation of beta II PKC to the nuclear membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Protein kinase C isotypes in human erythroleukemia cell proliferation and differentiation. 152 49

To investigate a possible role of cytokines in parvovirus-mediated suppression of tumorigenesis, we tested in cell culture whether parvoviruses are able to induce interferon (IFN)-beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha or interleukin-6 (IL-6). Infection of rodent or human cells with the parvoviruses minute virus of mice (MVM), H-1 or adeno-associated virus (AAV) types 2 or 5 failed to induce expression of the luciferase or beta-galactosidase reporter genes transfected into these cells as constructs containing an IFN-beta promoter. Parvoviruses did weakly induce synthesis of TNF-alpha and of IL-6 in cell culture and could slightly enhance synthesis of these cytokines when induced by other agents. These in vitro data suggest that the rather unspecific tumor-suppressive properties of parvoviruses are unlikely to be attributable to stimulation of the synthesis of IFN, TNF or IL-6.
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PMID:Parvoviruses are inefficient in inducing interferon-beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or interleukin-6 in mammalian cells. 152 25

Although 58 patients with peritonitis carcinomatosa underwent multidisciplinary therapy over the last 5 years in our department, about half of them died within 3 months after treatment. In addition, the prognosis was poor for gastric and colon cancer patients, who had macroscopic peritoneal dissemination. Therefore intraoperative intraperitoneal administration of either BRM or anticancer drugs was performed for the microscopic peritoneal dissemination of the cancer, and the immunological response in the peritoneal cavity was examined. In terms of subpopulation of peritoneal exudate cells, neutrophil leucocytes were predominant and thereafter lymphocytes increased. As for the cytokines in the exudate from peritoneal cavity, the concentration of interleukin-6 peaked within 24 hours after administration, followed by a gradual decrease, while the concentration of interferon-gamma was detectable at more than 24 hours after operation, followed by a gradual increase. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha was also detectable in the exudate. Its concentration decreased when both OK-432 and MMC were administered, but it increased when CDDP was administered. The above results indicated that preventive intraoperative intraperitoneal administration of BRM and anticancer drugs should bring about individual immunokinetic modulation in tumor bearing host and both cytokines and immunocytes could play an important role in locoregional tumor immunity.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on locoregional immunochemotherapy of peritonitis carcinomatosa]. 153 Mar 41

Oncostatin M, a cytokine produced by activated lymphoid cells, regulates the growth and differentiation of a number of tumor and normal cells. In contrast to its effects on normal endothelial and aortic smooth muscle cell cultures, Oncostatin M was a potent mitogen for cells derived from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS). After exposure to Oncostatin M, AIDS-KS cells assumed a spindle morphology, had an increased ability to proliferate in soft agar, and secreted increased amounts of interleukin-6. Oncostatin M RNA and immunoreactive Oncostatin M protein were found in AIDS-KS-derived cell isolates. These results suggest that Oncostatin M may play a role in the pathogenesis of AIDS-KS.
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PMID:Oncostatin M as a potent mitogen for AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma-derived cells. 154 93


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