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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Based on our earlier data on the enhancing effect of histamine on the action of interleukin-6 (IL-6), we have studied the molecular mechanisms of these interactions. The effect of histamine was investigated on the binding of 125I-IL-6 by B lymphoma cell line CESS, monocytoid cell line U937 and hepatoma cell line HepG2. Histamine increases the IL-6 binding by CESS cells and inhibits that by U937 and HepG2 cells. Using H1 receptor (cetirizin and loderix) and H2 receptor (cimetidine and ranitidine) specific antagonists, an H1-dependent stimulation of IL-6 binding by CESS cells was found. In contrast, down-regulation of IL-6 binding by histamine was clearly mediated through H2 receptors. On U937 cells, using a monoclonal antibody reacting with the 80 kd chain of the human IL-6 receptor, and H2-receptor mediated inhibition of IL-6 receptor expression was found by FACS analysis.
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PMID:Histamine influences the expression of the interleukin-6 receptor on human lymphoid, monocytoid and hepatoma cell lines. 168 Feb 74

Previously we described a cell line OCI-LY3 derived from a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The cell line produced interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA and protein and demonstrated an autocrine pattern of growth for IL-6. Southern blot analysis of the IL-6 gene did not reveal any rearrangement. To determine whether the production of IL-6 by OCI-LY3 was due to subtle changes in the promoter of IL-6 or due to the expression of trans-acting factors chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter constructs containing from -1,180 to +13 to -112 to +13 of a normal IL-6 gene were electroporated into the cell line. When these constructs are transferred into unstimulated fibroblasts, no CAT activity is seen; however, CAT activity is induced when the cells are stimulated with either IL-1 alpha, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analogues. When the cell line OCI-LY3 was transfected with these constructs, CAT activity was observed; it was not necessary to stimulate the cells with exogenous factors to observe this activity. No CAT activity was observed in a second lymphoma cell line, OCI-LY13.1, that does not produce IL-6. These results suggest that the constitutive production of IL-6 by the cell line OCI-LY3 is due to the presence of trans-acting factors that stimulate the expression of IL-6 and not due to a cis-acting mutation of the IL-6 promoter.
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PMID:Regulation of interleukin-6 expression in the lymphoma cell line OCI-LY3. 191 71

Interleukin-6 (also called B cell stimulatory factor 2, hepatocyte activating factor, interferon-beta 2) has been shown to have effects on various lineages of hemopoietic cells. Some of its activities appear to overlap those of interleukin-1. In particular, recombinant murine IL-6 induced proliferation of phytohemagglutinin-activated thymocytes, an assay widely used to detect IL-1. In this report, we compared several features of IL-1 and IL-6 dependent thymocyte proliferation. The results indicate that IL-2 is the major second mediator of both IL-1 and IL-6 dependent proliferation. Finally, we tested whether IL-6 would also have activity in other T cell-based IL-1 assays using the T cell lymphoma LBRM33 1A5 and the T cell clone D10-G4.1. IL-6 had no activity in the latter two assays. These results indicate that IL-1 assays using LBRM33 1A5 and D10-G4.1 selectively detect Il-1, and are more specific assays for the detection of IL-1 in samples that may also contain IL-6.
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PMID:Biological activity of recombinant murine interleukin-6 in interleukin-1 T cell assays. 278 11

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a growth factor with diverse biologic activity. Originally described as a T-cell product that enhances immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion in antigen-stimulated B cells, it also affects the growth of T cells, plasmacytomas, hybridomas, and hematopoietic stem cells. We report the expression and secretion of IL-6 by two lymphoma cell lines, OCI-LY3 and OCI-LY12. Addition of recombinant IL-6 stimulated their growth, whereas addition of polyclonal anti-recombinant IL-6 (anti-rIL-6) had a marked inhibitory effect on proliferation. These results suggest an autocrine role for IL-6 in the growth of these lymphoma cells in culture.
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PMID:A possible autocrine role for interleukin-6 in two lymphoma cell lines. 278 80

Interleukin-11 (IL-11), a stromal cell-derived cytokine, has been known to act widely in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic systems. IL-11 supports the growth of certain types of plasmacytoma and hybridoma cells, acts with interleukin-3 (IL-3) in shortening the Go period of early progenitors. IL-11 supports megakaryocyte colony formation and maturation, and acts as an autocrine growth factor in megakaryoblastic cell lines. In addition, IL-11 stimulates erythrocytopoiesis, enhances antigen-specific antibody responses, induces the synthesis of acute phase proteins, inhibits lipoprotein lipase activity and adipocyte differentiation, and promotes neuronal development. Administration of rhIL-11 to mice resulted in an increase of neutrophils and platelets. The human IL-11 gene is localized at 19q13.3-13.4, and codes 199 amino acids and 23 kDa with no N glycosylation. Its receptor and signal transduction share partially those of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Further analysis of its role in normal and pathological state is necessary to determine the exact function and its application for clinical uses.
Leuk Lymphoma 1994 Sep
PMID:Interleukin-11. 753 57

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL), a rare haematological disorder of B-cell origin, mainly presents with bone marrow infiltration, haematopoietic insufficiency, and splenomegaly. In some cases, osteolytic lesions can be observed. Many of these clinical features, especially haematopoietic insufficiency and osteolytic lesions are likely to be caused by soluble factors, such as cytokines. There is evidence that these factors are produced by the malignant hairy cells themselves, suggesting a paracrine pathway. The importance of autocrine as well as paracrine growth loops in growth regulation of HCL-cells is supported by a series of excellent studies, performed within the last few years. It could be clearly shown that cytokines are involved in this autocrine and paracrine regulatory process. The most important cytokines which should be mentioned in this respect are tumor necrosis factor alpha, (TNF alpha). Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and B-cell-growth factor (BCGF). The role of other factors such as viruses and oncogenes remains rather unclear. Nevertheless, recent data suggest that the c-fms, which encodes for the macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) may be involved in the pathophysiological control of HCL growth. In this review, we summarise the important data and studies performed recently which shed light on the complex network of autocrine and paracrine growth regulation of HCL.
Leuk Lymphoma 1995 May
PMID:Autocrine and paracrine regulation of neoplastic cell growth in hairy cell leukemia. 754 30

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with a wide range of functions. Perhaps the most important physiologically is its role as a mediator of the acute phase inflammatory response. Normally, there is little measurable IL-6 in the circulation, but levels increase abruptly to nanogram amounts during an inflammatory process. During aging, it has been proposed that the tight regulation of IL-6 gene expression becomes less effective and levels are measurable even when there is no evidence for inflammation. Several investigators have identified this cytokine as being involved in the pathogenesis of various disease processes and we have suggested that certain age-associated diseases are directly related. Among these are late-life lymphoma and myeloma, osteoporosis and possibly Alzheimer's disease.
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PMID:The role of interleukin-6 in certain age-related diseases. 783 89

Increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and expression by malignant cells of the IL-6 receptor has been evidenced in a subgroup of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, suggesting that this cytokine plays a role in lymphoma growth and in B clinical symptoms. In this study, the effect of the administration of an anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) was analyzed in 11 patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus-1 and suffering from an immunoblastic or a polymorphic large-cell lymphoma. The antibody (BE-8, 10 to 40 mg/day) was administered for 21 days. Neutralization of in vivo IL-6 effect was assessed by monitoring C-reactive protein levels in the serum. In 5 patients, the lymphoma progressed during treatment. Among them were the 2 patients in whom endogenous IL-6 effect was not neutralized. Five patients experienced a stabilization, and 1 a partial remission. This effect on lymphoma growth lasted for 8 to 28 weeks. The anti-IL-6 MoAb had a clear effect on lymphoma-associated fever and cachexia. The mean body weight increase was 1.4 +/- 0.5 kg between day 1 and day 21, and reached 12 kg in 120 days in 1 patient who received three courses of treatment. Side effects were a consistent but moderate thrombocytopenia, and an occasional and moderate decrease of neutrophil counts. Immunization against the MoAb was observed in only 2 patients. These results indicate that in some cases of lymphomas growth of malignant cells may be partially IL-6-dependent and that neutralizing endogenous effect of IL-6 completely abrogates B clinical symptoms.
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PMID:Administration of an anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody to patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and lymphoma: effect on lymphoma growth and on B clinical symptoms. 791 67

Interleukin-6 is a major B lymphocyte growth factor, and may play a role in the proliferation of malignant B lymphocytes. In order to provide arguments supporting such a role, the intratumoral production of IL-6 was studied by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in 53 neoplastic tissues from B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia or B lymphomas. IL-6-producing cells were detected in all samples but 5. However, the number of IL-6 producing cells was variable amongst the different cases. Increased density of IL-6-producing cells was highly dependent on the presence of malignant immunoblasts within the neoplastic clone. IL-6 was produced in a paracrine way, macrophages and endothelial cells being the main producers of the cytokine while malignant immunoblasts expressed the IL-6 receptor. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-6 may indeed act as a growth factor for malignant cells in some B lymphoproliferations and that this paracrine loop could be the target of new therapeutic approaches.
Leuk Lymphoma 1993 Nov
PMID:Intratumoral production of IL-6 in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and B lymphomas. 812 14

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is supposed to be a growth factor in multiple myeloma (MM). Applying a bioassay and a modified ELISA, we measured serum IL-6 values in 64 patients with overt MM, seven patients with smouldering myeloma (SMM), 57 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and 40 healthy volunteers as controls. IL-6 failed to discriminate between MGUS and MM, stage I, whereas comparison of MM, stage I and stage II/III (p = 0.0143), or comparison of stable disease/remission and progressive disease (p < 0.0001) revealed significant differences. Furthermore, we found significantly higher IL-6 values in overt MM compared to SMM (p = 0.0018). Using a Ki67/CD38 immunohistological double staining method we found a significant correlation between proliferation of bone marrow myeloma cells and serum IL-6 values in 15 patients (p = 0.005). These data demonstrate that IL-6 is a parameter of disease activity in MM and, beside its role in tumor biology, may become a valuable supplement to the established risk factors when selecting patients with unfavourable clinical course for more aggressive treatment modalities.
Leuk Lymphoma 1994 Jan
PMID:Interleukin-6 in multiple myeloma: correlation with disease activity and Ki-67 proliferation index. 816 57


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