Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) is characterized by severe neurological complications during high-grade fever with high morbidity and mortality in children. The major neurological complications during high-grade fever include convulsive seizures, loss of consciousness, neuropsychiatric behavior (hallucination, meaningless speech, disorientation, laughing alone); high voltage amplitude slow waves and the occurrence of theta oscillation are depicted on the electroencephalogram (EEG) in the IAE patients. At the early phase of the disease, the cytokines levels increase in severe cases. To understand the neuronal properties in the CNS leading to these neurological complications in IAE patients, we recorded EEG signals from the hippocampus and cortex of rats infected with influenza A/WSN/33 H1N1 virus (IAV) strain. Abnormal EEG activities were observed in all infected rats under anesthesia, including high voltage EEG burst amplitude and increased EEG spikes in the early phase (8 h-day 2) of infection, and these increases at the early phase were in parallel with a significant increase level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the serum. When the infected rats were heat-stressed by elevating the rat body core temperature to 39-41 degrees C, these abnormal EEG activities were enhanced, and the oscillation pattern shifted in most of rats from slow bursting waves (<1 Hz) to theta oscillation (3-6 Hz). These results indicate that the abnormal EEG activities in IAE patients could be well reproduced in anesthetized IAV infected rats under hyperthermia, hence this animal model will be useful for further understandings the mechanism of neuronal complications in IAE patient during high-grade fever.
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PMID:Rat model of influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE): studies of electroencephalogram (EEG) in vivo. 1989 4

In Japan,the prevalence of non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis (NHALE),characterized by a lack of evidence of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) genome or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody,has shown an upward trend. The causes of NHALE include several anti-neural antibodies related NHALE. Among them,NHALE that is characterized by the onset of abnormal behavior and presence of anti-glutamate receptor epsilon2 (GluRepsilon2) antibody is gaining attention. NHALE was identified in 1994 during a survey of herpes simplex encephalitis in Kyushu District. This disease has not been reported in individuals belonging to countries other than Japan. In this review article,3 cases of NHALE patients with positive GluRepsilon2 antibody titers and ovarian-teratoma-related anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody-positive encephalitis are briefly described. In addition,the naming of this disease as well as its pathogenesis,clinical features, prognosis, and sequels are discussed in this report. Patients in the acute stage of NHALE frequently exhibited schizophrenic-like symptoms such as abnormal behavior, incoherence, delusions, and hallucinations followed by convulsive seizures, status epilepticus, and autonomic seizures. Mild signs of meningeal irritation were also detected. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in these patients often revealed bilateral abnormalities in the limbic areas, including the hippocampus and amygdala. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed mild pleocytosis, and sometimes, a lack of the pleocytosis. The CSF level of interferon-gamma remained unchanged, whereas that of interleukin-6 was increased. The prognostic outcome of the patients was rather favorable. Further, differential diagnosis for herpes simplex encephalitis is important in order to decide the initial treatment-antiviral drug therapy or immunological therapy. The most commonly described sequel of this condition is memory impairment; however,patients should be monitored for personality or emotional changes.
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PMID:[Clinical characteristics of non-herpetic limbic encephalitis]. 2071 33

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) rarely affected the central nervous system (CNS). If the CNS is involved, it can result in psychiatric manifestations. Patients with RP always respond well to glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants. If the therapies fail, biologics can be given, such as tocilizumab, which is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R). Until now, there have been no randomized clinical trials to test the safety and efficacy of biologics, no reports of RP with psychiatric disorders as initial symptoms, and no reports of tocilizumab used for psychiatric symptoms due to RP. Here, we report a 60-year-old woman with mania, logomania, hallucinations, cognitive disorder, persecutory delusion, and violent tendency as chief complaints. The application of dexamethasone worsened her psychiatric symptoms. After the first infusion of tocilizumab, she achieved complete remission within one week. During the follow-up period, she sustained serological and psychiatric remission. Our case illustrates the safety and efficacy of tocilizumab for psychiatric symptoms of RP.
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PMID:Efficacy of tocilizumab for psychiatric symptoms associated with relapsing polychondritis: the first case report and review of the literature. 2726 Feb 62