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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The participation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the pathophysiology of normal and abnormal human parturition was evaluated by determining IL-6 concentrations in amniotic fluid (AF). Biologically active IL-6 was determined (in U/ml) using the B9 hybridoma growth factor assay, while the concentrations of immunoreactive IL-6 species (in pg/ml) were assessed using a monoclonal antibody (moAb)-based ELISA. Two hundred and twenty-seven AF samples from women in normal labor and from those presenting with a clinical diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) were assayed. In selected instances, IL-6 levels were evaluated simultaneously in AF and in maternal and fetal plasma. Women with a normal pregnancy had low titers of biologically active IL-6 in AF both at midtrimester (group 1, n = 27; median IL-6 concentration = 16 U/ml) and at term (group 2, n = 33; median = 15 U/ml). There was an increase in the IL-6 bioactivity in AF from women in normal labor at term (group 3, n = 40; median = 74 U/ml; p less than 0.001). In order to distinguish between the relative contributions of parturition per se and of intrauterine infection to the elevation of biologically active IL-6 levels in AF, IL-6 titers were compared in four different groups of women with PROM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cytokines in normal and abnormal parturition: elevated amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels in women with premature rupture of membranes associated with intrauterine infection. 188 85

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the significance of measurements of cytokines in the amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid was retrieved by transabdominal amniocentesis from 113 women in the following groups: Preterm labor (N = 58), PROM (N = 21) and term elective C/S (N = 34). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), were measured with a commercially available ELISA. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured by bioassay and newly developed "luminescencer EIA". 1. Amniotic fluid concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 in cases of term elective C/S were 22.8 +/- 19.2 pg/ml, 8.1 +/- 5.2 pg/ml and 166.8 +/- 126.1 pg/ml, respectively. 2. Significantly higher levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 were found among the cases who failed to respond to tocolysis (i.e. delivery within 48 hrs of amniocentesis). In contrast, no significant difference in such conventional markers of infection as maternal serum CRP was noted. 3. According to the degree of histopathologic chorioamnionitis (Blanc), significantly higher concentrations of IL-1 beta, IL-6 were found among the of stage III cases than those in stage II irrespective of the rupture of the membranes (IL-1 beta: 1.36 +/- 0.41 ng/ml vs 76.6 +/- 20.1 pg/ml, IL-6: 31.98 +/- 4.55 ng/ml vs 5.22 +/- 0.92 ng/ml). Significant correlation was also found between the concentrations of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and the pathological degree of funitis (Nakayama, stage 0 < stage I, stage II < stage III).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Significance of amniotic fluid cytokines measurement in threatened preterm labor and premature rupture of the membranes]. 850 68

Preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. A poor understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of spontaneous preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes has limited our ability to identify those women at highest risk for spontaneous preterm birth. There is increasing evidence that inflammation of the upper genital tract may play a major role in the pathogenesis of preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes. Newer markers of infection and inflammation (e.g. bacterial vaginosis, fetal fibronectin, interleukin-6) may make earlier diagnosis possible and may direct potential therapeutic interventions. A better understanding and more accurate diagnosis of well known risk factors (e.g. cervical dilatation) may also improve treatment options. Additionally, combinations of older risk factors and newer, more sensitive diagnostic methods may greatly increase our ability to predict preterm birth and to identify women who might benefit most from directed intervention strategies.
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PMID:Prediction of prematurity. 897 13

The objective of this study was to compare the value of ultrasonographic assessment of the uterine cervix and amniotic fluid tests in the prediction of the interval from admission to delivery in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Ninety-two patients admitted to the hospital for preterm premature rupture of membranes between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation underwent both transabdominal amniocentesis and transvaginal ultrasonographic evaluation of the uterine cervix. Amniotic fluid analyses included cultures for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas, white blood cell count and glucose and interleukin-6 determinations. The ultrasonographic variables evaluated were cervical length, presence of funneling and cervical index ((funnel length + 1)/cervical length). The outcome measure was the interval from admission to delivery. The median interval from admission to delivery was 4.5 days (range 0-36). An abnormal uterine cervix was associated with a short time interval (cervical length < or = 20 mm, median 2 days, range 0-14 vs. median 6 days, range 0-36; p < or = 0.0001; presence of funneling, median 3 days, range 1-31 vs. median 8 days, range 0-36; p < or = 0.001; cervical index > 0.50, median 2 days, range 0-7 vs. median 8 days, range 1-36; p < or = 0.0001). However, interleukin-6 concentration in the amniotic fluid was the best predictor of the interval from admission to delivery when compared to the ultrasonographic indices and to all the amniotic variables considered. Moreover, when a multiple model was applied, the cervical index significantly and independently improved the performance of interleukin-6 in the prediction of the interval from admission to delivery. These data suggest that the combined use of the amniotic fluid interleukin-6 assay and the cervical index in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes provides a good prediction of the interval from admission to delivery, thus identifying a subgroup of patients at high risk of imminent delivery.
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PMID:The value of transvaginal ultrasonographic examination of the uterine cervix in predicting preterm delivery in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes. 951 Nov 92

The objective of this study was to determine the value of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cervical secretion to diagnose microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in patients with premature rupture of the membranes. Cervical secretions were sampled immediately before amniocentesis in 124 patients with singleton pregnancies and preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Gestational age ranged between 24 and 32 weeks. Amniotic fluid was cultured and IL-6 measured in amniotic fluid and cervical secretions. A total of 33.8% (21/124) of the amniotic fluid cultures had positive results. In cervical secretions the median concentration of IL-6 was 672 pg/ml (range 5-1,250) in the presence of intra-amniotic infection in contrast to 95.5 pg/ml (range 12-640) in women with negative amniotic fluid culture (p </=0.001). There were no differences between IL-6 concentrations in the cervical secretions of patients with or without obvious leakage of amniotic fluid. A significant relationship was found between IL-6 levels in amniotic fluid and in cervical secretions (rho = 0.74, p </=0.001). An IL-6 level in cervical secretions >200 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 78.5%, a specificity of 73.1% and a relative risk of 4.6 for intra-amniotic infection. Receiver-operator characteristics curve analysis showed that IL-6 assay in cervical secretions is comparable to IL-6 assay in amniotic fluid in predicting intra-amniotic infection (p = 0.468). In conclusion, intra-amniotic infection is associated with increased levels of IL-6 and concentrations in cervical secretions are related to amniotic levels. The measurement of IL-6 in cervical secretions may help to noninvasively identify intra-amniotic infection among pregnancies with preterm premature rupture of membranes.
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PMID:Interleukin-6 concentrations in cervical secretions in the prediction of intrauterine infection in preterm premature rupture of the membranes. 970 87

To study the change and clinical significance of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in the maternal serum and amniotic fluid of pregnant women with chorioamnionitis and with premature rupture of membranes. Twenty-six normal-term pregnant women formed the control group, and forty-six pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes were enrolled for the study. Maternal serum and amniotic fluid IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels were measured using a sensitive radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); chorioamnionitis was diagnosed by fetal membrane pathology. The maternal serum IL-6 levels and amniotic fluid IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels were higher than those of the control (P < 0.01). There was a significant relationship between maternal serum IL-6 and maternal serum and amniotic fluid IL-6 and TNF-alpha with the time of the premature rupture of membranes, i.e. the longer the time, the higher the maternal serum and amniotic fluid IL-6 and TNF-alpha. There were 12 patients with chorioamnionitis in premature rupture of membranes and their maternal serum and amniotic fluid IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels were higher than that of non-chorioamnionitis patients (P < 0.01-0.05). IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in maternal and amniotic fluids are a valuable index in identification of the chorioamnionitis in patients with premature rupture of membranes.
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PMID:Study of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in maternal serum and amniotic fluid of patients with premature rupture of membranes. 1022 8

Our purpose was to investigate the maternal plasma and amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels in women with preterm labour. The present study was designed to evaluate IL-6 levels in 93 pregnant women with threatened preterm labour and 40 normal pregnant. Maternal blood samples were collected by routine forearm venipuncture at admission during routine laboratory tests. Amniotic fluid was collected during hysteretomy during caesarean delivery from women at term but not in labour and by amniotomy or hysteretomy from women with preterm labour. Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid IL-6 concentrations were significantly elevated in women in preterm labour (premature rupture of membranes and uterine contractions) compared to gestationally matched, non-laboring controls.
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PMID:[Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels in imminent preterm labor]. 1108 9

The objective of this study is to determine if the detection of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in maternal plasma prior to delivery predicts neonatal and/or infectious complications in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes between 24 and 35 weeks' gestation were asked to participate in the study. Maternal blood was obtained prior to delivery. All patients received Ampicillin-sulbactam and steroids. IL-6 concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) using 50 mL of plasma assayed in duplicate. ELISA sensitivity was 18 pg/mL. Neonatal and infectious complications examined were respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, intra-amniotic infection, presumed neonatal sepsis, neonatal sepsis, and congenital pneumonia. Fifty-seven patients' plasma was analyzed. Thirty-five had positive plasma IL-6 prior to delivery. Twenty-seven patients had at least one neonatal complication with 24 (89%) being positive for IL-6. Of the 30 patients without complications, only 11 (37%) were positive (p = 0.0001, OR 13.8. 95% CI, 2.93-74.7). A subanalysis of patients who received a course of corticosteroids was performed and significance was maintained. Ten of 13 patients (77%) with neonatal complications had positive IL-6 compared with 40% without complications (p <or=0.01). Infectious morbidity occurred in 32 patients with 24 having positive IL-6 values (75%). Only 11 of 25 (44%) without infections were positive (p <or=0.03, OR 3.82, 95%, CI 1.09-13.0). The presence of IL-6 in the maternal plasma predicted patients with neonatal complications. These correlations persisted when the data were stratified for those patients who received corticosteroids. It also predicted infectious complications.
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PMID:Detection of interleukin-6 in maternal plasma predicts neonatal and infectious complications in preterm premature rupture of membranes. 1173 92

The placenta and fetal membranes are the site of expression of macrophage inhibitory cytokine (MIC-1), a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily. We hypothesized that MIC-1 may act as an immune regulator in pregnancy complications associated with intrauterine inflammation. Decidual cells, chorionic trophoblasts and amnion epithelial cells were identified by immunohistochemistry as the predominant MIC-1-containing cell type in term membranes. Amnion and choriodecidual explants all produced MIC-1 in culture, the latter having the greatest production rate (206 +/- 74.5 pg/mg tissue/24 h, n=6; mean +/- SEM). Production was not responsive to stimulation by pro-inflammatory cytokines. MIC-1 was detectable in 217 transabdominal amniotic fluid (AF) samples taken from 15 to 41 weeks gestation, concentrations ranging from 0.9-51.1 ng/ml. AF MIC-1 concentrations in pregnancies with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) or preterm labour, either with or without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, were not significantly different from those delivered at term either with or without labour. Treatment with MIC-1 (0.25-25 ng/ml) did not alter production of interleukin-6 or -8 by amnion or choriodecidual cells in vitro. We conclude that AF MIC-1 is derived from the fetal membranes and decidua, but that MIC-1 is unlikely to be involved in the pathophysiology of preterm birth or PROM.
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PMID:Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 in fetal membranes and amniotic fluid from pregnancies with and without preterm labour and premature rupture of membranes. 1290 May 12

Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) has been considered to be closely associated with chorioamnionitis. However, the detailed mechanism is not well understood. Alpha 1 antitrypsin (AAT) was reported to decrease in concentration in amniotic fluid obtained from patients with PPROM. However, the origin of AAT in amniotic fluid has not been clarified. In this study, we assessed the expression and localization of AAT in human amnion, as well as its biological activity in cases with PROM. Human amniotic epithelial (hAE) cells expressed AAT. After stimulation with oncostatin M (OSM), interleukin-6 (IL-6) or tumor necrotic factor alpha (TNF alpha), hAE cells increased the expression of AAT, while the expression of MMP9 was reduced by OSM and induced by TNF alpha. Oxidized AAT (inactivated form) was detected in the amnion with PPROM and TPROM, but not in specimens without PROM. Moreover, AAT activity was decreased in amnions from cases with PROM, regardless of gestational age. Thus, the results showed that AAT in the amnion may function as a protective shield at inflammatory sites, and not as it loses it inhibitory activity in cases with PROM, possibly by oxidation, suggesting that its imbalance contributes to PROM.
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PMID:Alpha 1 antitrypsin activity is decreased in human amnion in premature rupture of the fetal membranes. 1907 10


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