Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Obesity as well as low physical fitness and inactivity are associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery disease (CAD). Increased inflammation has recently been addressed to play an important role for the relationship between obesity and CAD, as adipose tissue expresses and releases pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). As this relationship is less clear in childhood, we investigated 197 children aged 10-15 years assessing obesity, physical fitness, and a metabolic cardiovascular risk profile including markers of inflammation. Obese children had significantly higher concentrations of inflammatory parameters such as fibrinogen, ferritin, IL-6, and TNF-alpha than non-obese subjects (P<0.01). When dividing the children into groups regarding obesity (BMI < 22.5 kg/mz, BMI > or = 22.5 kglm2) and fitness (< 5 MET, > or = 5 MET), we found that obese, unfit children showed the highest systemic inflammation, whereas fit but obese individuals had as low levels as lean and fit children. These data reveal that even in childhood inflammatory parameters are elevated in obesity and that physical fitness counteracts this association.
 ...
PMID:Low-grade systemic inflammation in overweight children: impact of physical fitness. 1563 87

This study assessed the effects of tirofiban and statins on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and soluble CD40 ligand after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients who had stable coronary artery disease. Tirofiban insignificantly limited the increase of soluble CD40 ligand after revascularization, especially in patients who had high levels of this marker at baseline (p = 0.06), whereas statins significantly inhibited increases in interleukin-6 and, to a lesser extent, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein without affecting the soluble CD40 ligand.
 ...
PMID:Effects of tirofiban and statins on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and soluble CD40 ligand following percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with stable coronary artery disease. 1564 57

Despite mounting evidence that depressive symptoms increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients who have coronary artery disease, little is known about the biologic mechanisms that underlie this association. This study examined whether depressive symptoms are associated with markers of infection and inflammation that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. Sixty-five patients who were recovering from an acute coronary syndrome were enrolled (63% men; mean age 61 years, 90% white). Depressive symptoms were assessed through self-report and observer ratings; the inflammatory molecules C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were measured in serum, as were antibody titers to 3 latent viruses associated with atherosclerosis. Patients who had more severe depressive symptoms exhibited higher levels of C-reactive protein (r = 0.27, p = 0.03) and higher rates of seropositivity to the latent viruses (r = 0.41, p = 0.001). These effects were large in magnitude: patients in the highest tertile of the depression distribution had C-reactive protein levels >50% higher than did patients in the middle and lowest tertiles; they also were 2 times as likely to show evidence of infection with all 3 latent viruses. Disparities in the extent, severity, or management of cardiac disease were not responsible for these associations. These findings provide evidence that depressive symptoms are associated with increases in C-reactive protein and pathogen burden in patients who have coronary artery disease. In doing so, they highlight a mechanism through which depressive symptoms might foster morbidity and mortality among patients who have cardiac disease.
 ...
PMID:Relation of depressive symptoms to C-reactive protein and pathogen burden (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus) in patients with earlier acute coronary syndromes. 1567 May 37

Several lines of evidence indicate that increased inflammatory activity in peripheral blood is associated with the acute coronary syndrome. Systemic inflammation in clinically stable conditions of coronary artery disease has been less studied. We examined cytokine profiles in 20 patients who had acute coronary syndrome, 45 who had angiographically verified coronary artery disease and stable angina pectoris, and 45 healthy controls. Circulating levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and interleukin-18 were determined. Subpopulations of peripheral immune cells, including neutrophil-platelet aggregates, were analyzed by 3-color flow cytometry using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Patients who had acute coronary syndrome and stable angina pectoris had significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist than did controls, whereas levels of interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-10, and interleukin-18 were similar across groups. Patients had significantly more neutrophils, and the numbers of neutrophil-platelet aggregates were particularly large in patients who had stable angina pectoris. High levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in patients were significantly related to numbers of neutrophils and neutrophil-platelet aggregates but not to other immune cell subpopulations. The data suggest that the interaction between neutrophils and platelets is an important component of proinflammatory activity seen in peripheral blood of stable and unstable forms of coronary artery disease.
 ...
PMID:Circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines and neutrophil-platelet aggregates in patients with coronary artery disease. 1569 27

BACKGROUND: Biomarkers may be helpful in improving risk stratification in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we assessed the prognostic value of sensitive inflammatory markers alone and in combination with lipids in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: In a prospective cohort study, we recruited 312 patients, aged 40-68 years, with angiographically proven, clinically stable CAD at the University Hospital in Ulm, Germany. C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipoproteins were measured at baseline in all patients. After a median follow-up of 3.2 years, a fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event (CVE) had occurred in 60 of 300 patients (20%). RESULTS: Baseline concentrations of IL-6 were significantly higher (3.27 versus 2.45 pg/ml, p=0.02) in patients with a future CVE compared to those without. After multivariate adjustment, patients with elevated baseline concentrations (4th versus 1st quartile) of inflammatory markers showed a moderately increased risk of CVE, i.e., hazard ratios (HR) were 1.3 (95% confidence interval 0.6-2.8) for CRP and 1.8 (0.9-3.6) for IL-6. The HRs increased if both inflammatory and lipid markers were simultaneously elevated (both markers>median versus<median). HR was 1.8 (0.8-4.0) for simultaneously elevated baseline concentrations of CRP and total cholesterol, and 1.9 (0.8-4.7) for simultaneously elevated concentrations of CRP and LDL cholesterol. Corresponding HRs for IL-6 and lipoproteins were 2.0 (0.9-2.7) and 2.1 (0.9-5.0). CONCLUSION: Simultaneous assessment of markers of inflammation and lipid metabolism may improve cardiovascular risk stratification in patients with stable CAD.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic value of inflammatory markers alone and in combination with blood lipids in patients with stable coronary artery disease. 1573 22

We measured plasma levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein at the orifice of the left coronary artery and at the great cardiac vein in patients who had coronary artery disease and those who had angiographically normal coronary arteries (controls). We also measured coronary microvascular resistance in the control group. We found increased levels of interleukin-6 in the coronary circulation of patients who had coronary artery disease compared with controls. This increase correlated with C-reactive protein production in the coronary circulation and coronary microvascular resistance. These findings suggest that a localized cytokine/inflammatory pathway functions in the coronary circulation and that interleukin-6 is involved in modulating coronary vascular tone.
 ...
PMID:Effects of interleukin-6 produced in coronary circulation on production of C-reactive protein and coronary microvascular resistance. 1578 Oct 13

This is a unifying theory that cholesterol metabolites (isoprenoids) are an integral component of the signaling pathway for interleukin-6 (IL-6) mediated inflammation. IL-6 inflammation is the common causative origin for atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, and age-related disorders including osteoporosis, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes. Therapeutic effects of bisphosphonates and statins are mediated by isoprenoid depletion. Statins and bisphosphonates act in the cholesterol pathway to deplete isoprenoids. Anti-inflammatory properties of statins and bisphosphonates are due to isoprenoid depletion with subsequent inhibition of IL-6 mediated inflammation. Therapeutic targets for the prevention and control of all the above diseases should focus on cholesterol metabolites and IL-6 mediated inflammation. Prevention of atherosclerotic vascular disease and age-related disorders will be by utilization of cholesterol lowering agents or techniques and/or treatment with statins and/or bisphosphonates to inhibit IL-6 inflammation through regulation of cholesterol metabolism.
 ...
PMID:Cholesterol synthesis is the trigger and isoprenoid dependent interleukin-6 mediated inflammation is the common causative factor and therapeutic target for atherosclerotic vascular disease and age-related disorders including osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes. 1593 63

Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired and predicts the risk of a coronary event in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Oxidant stress and increased systemic inflammation may contribute to this endothelial dysfunction. Aged garlic extract (AGE) contains antioxidant compounds and increases nitric oxide production and decreases the output of inflammatory cytokines from cultured cells. The aim of this study was to test the effect of treatment with AGE on brachial artery flow mediated endothelium-dependent dilation (FMD) and circulating markers of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. The trial included 15 men with angiographically proven CAD in a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over design with 2-week treatment and washout periods. During AGE supplementation, FMD increased (44%) significantly (p = 0.04) from the baseline and mainly in men with lower baseline FMD. Levels of FMD at the end of AGE treatment were significantly (p = 0.03) higher compared with the corresponding levels at the end of placebo treatment when the variation in baseline body weight was taken into account. Markers of oxidant stress (plasma oxidized low density lipoprotein and peroxides), systemic inflammation (plasma C-reactive protein ad interleukin-6) and endothelial activation (VCAM-1) did not change significantly during the study. These data suggest that short-term treatment with AGE may improve impaired endothelial function in men with CAD treated with aspirin and a statin. Whether improvement in endothelial function decreases the risk of future cardiovascular events remains to be determined.
 ...
PMID:Aged garlic extract improves endothelial function in men with coronary artery disease. 1604 25

The aim of the study was to determine whether a short-term treatment with simvastatin or fenofibrate may result in beneficial anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects in patients with high risk of coronary artery disease. In a randomized, double-blind study, we compared markers of inflammation, thrombin formation and platelet activation in patients with LDL cholesterol >130 mg/dl assigned to receive simvastatin (40 mg/d; n=20) or micronised fenofibrate (160 mg/d; n=22) for 28 days. Simvastatin, but not fenofibrate, lowered C-reactive protein (CRP) by 32% on day 3 (p<0.001), while both drugs reduced CRP significantly on day 28. Interleukin-6, soluble CD40 ligand, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels decreased significantly (by 20 to 50%) in both treatment groups on days 3 and 28. Soluble cell adhesion molecules remained unchanged in both groups. Simvastatin and fenofibrate significantly lowered plasma concentrations of thrombin-antithrombin complexes on days 3 and 28, but not platelet beta-thromboglobulin (betaTG) levels. Soluble P-selectin was lowered only in the simvastatin group. The total amount of thrombin generated at the site of microvascular injury also declined (by about 30%) as early as after 3 days of fenofibrate or simvastatin therapy, whereas beta TG release was reduced only in the simvastatin group on days 3 and 28. All the effects were independent of the changes in lipid profiles. Our results suggest that statins and fibrates can exert antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects as early as after 3 days of therapy. However, in contrast to statins, fibrates have no influence on platelet function within one month of therapy.
 ...
PMID:Early antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin versus fenofibrate in patients with hypercholesterolemia. 1611 3

Systemic factors and blood flow velocity related to atherosclerosis have been examined mainly separately or by in vitro studies. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between local coronary blood flow (corrected TIMI frame count, CTFC) and systemic atherosclerosis-related inflammatory parameters such as soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), interleukin-6 (Il-6), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in humans. We enrolled the following groups of ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients: patients with coronary stenosis and stable (CAD, n = 96) or unstable angina (ACS, n = 27), patients with documented myocardial ischemia and normal coronary angiogram (NEG, n = 68). Patient groups showed only marginal differences in CTFC or sICAM-1 levels. In contrast, when IHD patients were studied individually, general positive correlation was found between CTFC and sICAM-1 level (r = 0.33; in NEG r = 0.25; in CAD r = 0.37; in ACS r = 0.61), being the strongest in ACS. The relation was independent from age, gender, BMI, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, previous myocardial infarction, family history of IHD, medication, hsCRP, IL-6 and vWF levels. (odds ratio, OR = 6.4; CI 95%: 2.43-16.84; p < 0.05). Nevertheless, correlation between CTFC and IL-6, hsCRP, vWF levels was not found. These results indicate inverse correlation between coronary blood flow and adhesion molecule production independently from conventional cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory markers.
 ...
PMID:Inverse correlation between coronary blood flow velocity and sICAM-1 level observed in ischemic heart disease patients. 1629 92


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>