Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P05109 (S100A8)
 1,212 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

AFP is an oncodevelopmental protein. Its level decreases abruptly after birth and reaches almost undetectable level during normal adult life. However, reexpression of the gene can be observed during hepatocarcinogenesis. To further understand mechanism of regulating AFP expression, we checked several restriction enzyme map of 5' terminal and flanking sequences of AFP gene. There are no differences among adult rat liver, fetal liver and hepatoma cells. Using +2(-)-255 bp sequence probe of AFP gene to do southwestern blotting assay, the result showed that the gene-active cells, such as hepatoma cells, contained binding-proteins which were apparently lacking in adult rat liver, lung, spleen, heart and kidney cells. While the fractions of nuclear proteins from adult rat liver cells were devoid of any stimulatory effect on transcription, those of binding-proteins from hepatoma stimulated the transcription of AFP gene in vitro. The hepatoma binding-proteins can rescue transcription activity of fraction of nuclear proteins from adult rat liver cells. These results indicate that cell-specific expression of AFP gene is regulated by protein-factors.
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PMID:[Cell-specific expression of AFP gene is dependent on some nuclear proteins]. 757 50

The authors determined the sequences of the LTR region of Ethiopian HIV-1 subtype C strains and compared them with Swedish HIV-1 subtype B strains and earlier published data. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from seven randomly chosen HIV-1 infected Ethiopian patients, all with pre-AIDS or AIDS. PBMCs were also obtained from three Swedish HIV-1 subtype B-infected patients. Extraction of HIV-1 DNA was performed with the phenol-chloroform plus ethanol precipitation method. In all the Ethiopian HIV-1 subtype C strains, the first five nucleotides were changed to (G/A)CAGA, a finding not observed in the Swedish subtype B strains sequenced at the same time. The most remarkable feature of the Ethiopian NF-KB region was the presence of what appears to be an extra site located upstream of the usual sites I and II. At the same time, the core enhancer sequence GGGACTTTCC at site I was modified by a deletion of the A nucleotide and a change of the first T to a G. The gross LTR organization may be radically different in "African" subtype HIV-1 isolates compared to the American/European HIV-1 subtype B prototype strains. These data from the Ethiopian strains reinforce the validity of this conclusion.
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PMID:Multiple enhancer motifs in HIV type 1 strains from Ethiopia. 757 37

A human oncodevelopmental protein (ODP) with a molecular size of 28 kDa was isolated, employing malignant ascitic fluid of an advanced mixed mesodermal tumor of the uterus, by anti-ODP coupled Affi-Gel 10 column chromatography, followed by preparative PAGE. The final preparation obtained with this procedure gave a single band exhibiting reactivity with an anti-ODP antibody on analytical sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE. The sequence of the first 20 N-terminal amino acids of this protein is identical with those of both the cystic fibrosis protein and Ca-binding protein MRP8 except at position 17, for which no result was obtained. Sequence analysis suggested that the protein shows 90% sequence homology with both these proteins.
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PMID:Isolation of an ascitic oncodevelopmental protein exhibiting high sequence homology with calcium-binding protein MRP8. 769 42

Introduction of well-programmed nicks and gaps and the associated DNA repair activity in the genome at the pachytene interval is a characteristic feature of the meiotic prophase in organisms as varied as lilium and mouse. In the present study we have shown that the DNA synthetic activity in rat pachytene spermatocytes is insensitive to aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha, delta and epsilon, suggesting DNA beta-polymerase-mediated repair synthesis in these cells. We have developed a novel approach for the isolation of the DNA repair sites by combining two independent techniques. Following incorporation of BrdUrd into pachytene spermatocytes in the presence of aphidicolin, the repair sites were released as ssDNA fragments by treatment of nuclei with 30 mM NaOH. Subsequently, the BrdUrd containing ssDNA fragments were specifically isolated using polyclonal anti-BrdUrd antibodies. The DNA fragments released were of two size classes, namely 4-7S (major) and 9-12S (minor) and constituted approximately 1.75% of the pachytene genomic DNA. These DNA repair fragments were distinct from Okazaki fragments and other replicative intermediates isolated from rat bone marrow cells as evidenced by (a) their different size distribution and (b) little cross-hybridization. Southern hybridization of restriction enzyme digests of rat genomic DNA with probes made against BrdUrd-ssDNA fragments revealed that although the repair sites were distributed throughout the genome, strong hybridization signals were observed in EcoRI. (1.3 kb and 2.4 kb), BamH1 (9 kb) and HindIII (5 kb) repetetive DNA fragments. The EcoRI 1.3 kb family were cloned into M13 mp19, and a repair positive (1.3 A) and a repair negative (1.3 B) were identified and sequenced. The repair positive clone contained (a) (CA)22 repeat, (b) a (CAGA)6 repeat and (c) 4 sequences sharing high homology with various hypervariable minisatellite (HVMS) sequences. One of the HVMS sequence contained a GGCAGG motif known to be responsible for germline instability. The repair negative clone had (a) (CA)6 repeat and (b) a HVMS like sequence without GGCAGG. The significance of these motifs and their relevance to the events of DNA metabolism at pachytene interval have been discussed.
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PMID:Identification and sequence characterization of a 1.3 Kb EcoRI repeat fragment that harbors a DNA repair site of rat pachytene spermatocytes. 772 Apr 15

In the early development of atherosclerotic plaque, monocytes are recruited to the arterial intima where they accumulate lipid and become foam cells. The recently described murine chemotactic S100 protein, CP-10, may have an important role in this process. Intraperitoneal injection of CP-10(42-55) (chemotactic hinge region peptide) into mice caused a sustained leukocyte recruitment with a sixfold increase in monocyte numbers over 24 h. CP-10(42-55)--elicited monocyte/macrophages accumulated significantly increased cholesteryl esters in response to acetylated LDL, both in vivo and in vitro and this was associated with a twofold increase in scavenger receptor expression. By contrast, thioglycollate- and macrophage colony-stimulating factor-elicited macrophages expressed levels of scavenger receptor similar to those on resident macrophages and did not exhibit enhanced acetylated LDL loading in vitro. The leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) and its beta subunit (CD18), but neither lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 nor very late activation antigen-4, were upregulated on monocyte/macrophages elicited by CP-10(42-55), thioglycollate, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Cholesteryl ester accumulation in vitro was significantly enhanced by adhesion, which appeared to involve macrophage activation via ligation of Mac-1. The initial events of monocyte recruitment and adhesion to the vessel wall may be important in macrophage foam cell development, and CP-10 or related S100 proteins may contribute to the early inflammatory events of atherogenesis by stimulating these events.
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PMID:A chemotactic S100 peptide enhances scavenger receptor and Mac-1 expression and cholesteryl ester accumulation in murine peritoneal macrophages in vivo. 773 61

Macrophages play important roles in immunity and inflammation, and in allergic, granulomatous and neoplastic diseases. Here, we present the indepth results of an ongoing study of macrophage differentiation pathways in cutaneous macrophage disorders and in vitro. Up to now, a total of 40 cases of cutaneous macrophage disorders (histiocytoses and granulomas) and related diseases were examined using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to macrophage differentiation antigens (mAb MS-1, mAb alpha CD1a, mAb alpha CD34, mAb RM 3/1, mAb alpha CD11c, mAb alpha CD36, mAb MAC 387, mAb 27E10, polyclonal antibodies alpha MRP-8 and -14, mAb alpha CD68, mAb 25F9, mAb DRC1-R4/23, and mAb 1F10). Of these, MS-1 high molecular weight protein, synthesized by non-continuous sinusoidal endothelial cells and highly dendritic perivascular macrophages in normal human organs, is the most specific macrophage differentiation marker. MS-1 high molecular weight protein is selectively expressed by cutaneous non-Langerhans cell histocytoses, and proves to be a valuable diagnostic tool for these diseases. MS-1 high molecular weight protein is not found in Langerhans cell histiocytosis cells, epithelioid cells in sarcoidosis, and palisading histiocytes in granuloma annulare. MS-1+ macrophages may be found intermingled in cellular type dermatofibroma and in foreign body granulomas; they differ from MS-1+ non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis cells by their highly dendritic morphology, and thus rather resemble the MS-1+ macrophages in normal skin. RM 3/1 antigen shows a similar, but broader expression pattern including non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses, xanthelasmata palpebrarum, foreign body granulomas, granuloma annulare, and cellular type dermatofibroma. Moreover, xanthelasmata palpebrarum paradigmatically represent a class of macrophage lesions with strong RM 3/1, but little MS-1 antigen expression. In sarcoidosis, RM 3/1+ macrophages are only found at the very periphery of epithelioid cell granulomas. In contrast, 25F9 antigen is strongly and consistently expressed in epithelioid cells of sarcoidosis, and in foreign body granulomas. In cultured human monocytes/macrophages, RM 3/1 antigen is expressed early on, while MS-1 high molecular weight protein and 25F9 antigen are late and very late macrophage differentiation antigens, respectively. Expression of RM 3/1 antigen and MS-1 high molecular weight protein is inducible by glucocorticoid and interleukin-4, and less so by interleukin-13 and interleukin-10, and combinations thereof, while 25F9 antigen seems to be less influenced by these agents. Interferon-gamma (and less so tumor necrosis factor-alpha) inhibit expression of all three antigens in cultured human monocytes/macrophages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Dissection of macrophage differentiation pathways in cutaneous macrophage disorders and in vitro. 774 70

Target cell recognition and cytotoxicity of human CD56+ NK and LAK cells is readily inhibited by acetylated mannose. Two respective NK cell receptor candidates were isolated from human leukocyte lysates by mannose acetate affinity chromatography. The 87-kDa receptor showed sequence homologies with lactoferrin and the 59-kDa receptor represented a complex of two Ca-binding proteins MRP-8 and MRP-14 reportedly expressed only by cells of myeloid origin. The 87-kDa receptor exhibited heterogeneity in isoelectric focusing and behaved entirely differently from lactoferrin. Preincubation of tumor target cells with the 87-kDa receptor inhibited competitively target cell recognition and cytotoxicity of human CD56+ NK and LAK cells.
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PMID:Identification of a mannose-acetate-specific 87-kDa receptor responsible for human NK and LAK activity. 782 33

We describe papular xanthomatosis that progressively developed in a patient with long-standing erythrodermic atopic dermatitis and normal lipid metabolism and without an associated systemic disease. Light microscopy showed a lobulated aggregate of sometimes foamy histiocytes. Ultrastructurally, these histiocytes contained lipid inclusions and lacked features of Langerhans or epithelioid cells. Other granulomatous skin diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, or foreign body granuloma were excluded by histologic study, polarizing microscopic examination, electron microscopy, and microbiologic investigations. Nevertheless, these xanthomas showed an antigen expression pattern similar to that found in noninfectious granulomas (CD1a-, MS-1-, CD11c+, MRP-8/-14+, 25F9+, RM 3/1+/-, CD36(+), indicating that normolipemic papular xanthomatosis may be reactive process and should not be included among the true cutaneous non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses.
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PMID:Normolipemic papular xanthomatosis in erythrodermic atopic dermatitis. 782 34

Cholesteatoma epithelium is characterised by a keratinocyte dysregulation with a hyperproliferative growth and altered differentiation. Keratinocytes with a reduced turnover time show an increase of calcium binding proteins like calgranulin A and B. These proteins are highly linked with the modulation of cell growth and differentiation. The expression of calgranulin A and B was studied immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody F12 on cryosections of cholesteatoma biopsies. Normal skin served as control. The staining in normal skin was confined to the highly proliferative activated follicular keratinocytes, whereas most cholesteatomas showed a staining of all cell layers of the epithelium. Our findings show that the keratinocyte dysregulation of the cholesteatoma epithelium is reflected by variations of the expression of calcium binding proteins.
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PMID:[Expression of calgranulin A and B in middle ear cholesteatoma]. 788 19

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is used to characterize the kinetics and energetics of base-pair opening in two self-complementary DNA dodecamer duplexes: [d(CGCACATGTGCG)]2 and [d(CGCAGATCTGCG)]2. The first dodecamer contains two symmetrical CACA/GTGT motifs; in the second dodecamer, each motif is interrupted by a change of the central C.G base pair to a G.C base pair. The opening rates and the equilibrium constants for formation of the open state of each base pair are obtained from the dependence of the imino proton exchange rates on the concentration of ammonia catalyst. The results indicate that the opening rates of the central three base pairs in the CACA/GTGT motif are 3-8-fold larger than the corresponding ones in the CAGA/GTCT sequence. The activation enthalpies and entropies, and the standard enthalpy and entropy changes for formation of the open state, are obtained from the temperature dependence of the opening rates and equilibrium constants, respectively. The results reveal that enthalpy/entropy compensation exists, for all base pairs in both dodecamers, in activation as well as in the equilibria between closed and open states. As a result, the opening rates and equilibrium constants for opening are maintained, in both dodecamers, within a relatively narrow range of values. Nevertheless, large sequence-induced variations are observed for the activation enthalpies and the standard enthalpy changes for opening. The A.T base pair located between the C.G base pairs in the CACA/GTGT motif has a negative enthalpy change for formation of the activated state during opening. This is the first case in which a negative activation enthalpy is observed for opening of a Watson-Crick base pair in DNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Sequence dependence of base-pair opening in a DNA dodecamer containing the CACA/GTGT sequence motif. 808 18


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