Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P04637 (p53)
 77,613 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After removing the nonspecific immunoreactivities from crude extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and wheat germ by immunoaffinity chromatography, the presence of Ca(2+)-related proteins was tested by Western blot analysis. Immunoreactivity for Bcl-2 was absent in the yeast, whereas the immunoreactivity was evident in wheat germ and remained unchanged after incubation for 4 h with or without actinomycin D. Such incubation caused the degradation of immunoreactive-peptides of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMPK IV) in the yeast and wheat germ. Calretinin and p53 were absent in the yeast and wheat germ. The level of cyclic AMP in the yeast increased 100% after incubation for 30 min with actinomycin D. These results suggest that actinomycin D may not affect intracellular levels of these calcium-related proteins in the yeast and wheat germ, and that Bcl-2 occurs in multicellular eukaryotes. Moreover, the cellular level of CaMPK IV may vary during the onset of cell division and differentiation.
 ...
PMID:The presence/absence of Bcl-2, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV, calretinin and p53 in baker's yeast and wheat germ. 956 18

The clinicopathological features of 56 patients with mucinous cystic tumors (MCTs) of the pancreas were studied. Particular attention was paid to the prognosis of MCTs and the relationship to their ovarian, hepatic, and retroperitoneal counterparts. To distinguish MCTs from pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous tumors, MCTs were defined as tumors lacking communication with the duct system and containing mucin-producing epithelium, usually supported by ovarian-like stroma. All 56 tumors occurred in women (mean age 48.2 years) and were preferentially (93%) located in the body and tail of the pancreas. In accordance with the WHO classification, MCTs were divided into adenomas (n = 22), borderline tumors (n= 12), and noninvasive and invasive carcinomas (n = 22). Survival analysis revealed the extent of invasion to be the most significant prognostic factor (p<0.0001). Malignancy correlated with multilocularity and presence of papillary projections or mural nodules, loss of ovarian-like stroma, and p53 immunoreactivity. Stromal luteinization with expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, calretinin, or alpha inhibin was found in 66% of the cases. We conclude that the biologic behavior of MCTs is predictable on the basis of the extent of invasion. The similarities (i.e. gender, morphology, stromal luteinization) between pancreatic MCT and its ovarian, hepatobiliary, and retroperitoneal counterparts suggest a common pathway for their development.
 ...
PMID:Mucinous cystic tumors of the pancreas: clinicopathological features, prognosis, and relationship to other mucinous cystic tumors. 1019 70

Synovial sarcoma of the pleural cavity is exceptionally rare and may be confused, both clinically and histologically, with malignant mesothelioma, with subsequent inappropriate therapy. To address this dilemma, four biphasic synovial sarcomas (BSSs) and four biphasic malignant mesotheliomas (BMMs) were studied with a panel of mucin and immunohistochemical stains to determine if they would allow one to distinguish between the two. The BMMs were all pleural-based. The BSSs were extrapleural. The mucin and immunohistochemical stains were all performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue using standard techniques, with appropriate positive and negative controls. Mucin present in BSS is, in general, mucicarmine-positive and resistant to both hyaluronidase and diastase. Of the immune markers evaluated, only calretinin, Ber-Ep4 and bcl-2 were of limited discriminatory value. Subsets of cytokeratins, CEA and CD 34 were not helpful. With the exception of bcl-2, the apoptotic markers p53, bax and cpp32 (caspase) also were not useful. However, when the apoptotic stains were viewed collectively, variations in expression between the two tumours raised the possibility that alterations in apoptotic activity might be responsible for their pathogenesis and behavior. The diagnosis of BSS or BMM of the pleural should be made only after total consideration of clinical, radiological, histochemical and immunohistochemical findings. Although mucin stains are useful in differential diagnosis, reliance solely on immunohistochemical markers, with the possible exception of calretinin, Ber-Ep4 and bcl-2, is not dependable. The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of these tumours needs to be explored with a much larger series.
 ...
PMID:Synovial sarcoma and malignant mesothelioma of the pleura: review, differential diagnosis and possible role of apoptosis. 1135 44

Poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumor. We studied a case arising in the pleural cavity of a young subject, characterised by the presence of spindle cell, small cell, and large epithelioid cell areas. We performed stains for mucosubstances and analysed the expression of cytokeratins 5/6, 7, 8, 18, 19, CEA, CD34, Ber-Ep4 and calretinin to characterize the phenotype of this neoplasm. We furthermore assessed immunohistochemically the presence of p53, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase 3, four apoptotic markers, to evaluate a relationship between apoptotic activity and the behaviour of this tumor. Our findings showed a strong presence of calretinin, p53 and Bcl-2 in all three areas. The possibility that poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma could be calretinin-positive was a new data, to our knowledge, and it could be of some importance in diagnostic pathology. Moreover, the negligible positivity for Bax and caspase 3 suggested that the minor role of programmed cell death could be one of the causes of the aggressive behaviour of this tumor. These data also suggest that the reduction of apoptotic phenomena in poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma could be considered one of the major mechanisms of tumoral growth.
 ...
PMID:Poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma: a case report. 1141 58

To identify the most accurate and useful panel to diagnose mesothelioma, we immunostained sections from 112 mesotheliomas, 18 adenocarcinomas, and 11 reactive pleural specimens with 13 antibodies. Positive results for mesotheliomas, adenocarcinomas, and reactive pleura, respectively, were CAM5.2, 111, 18, and 11; vimentin, 30, 3, and 3; HBME-1, 75, 10, and 8; thrombomodulin, 31, 2, and 2; calretinin, 43, 6, and 11; and CD44H, 68, 10, and 4. Positive results for adenocarcinoma markers in mesotheliomas and adenocarcinomas, respectively, were carcinoembryonic antigen, 1 and 15; LeuM1, 7 and 9; and Ber-EP4, 5 and 12. All reactive pleura were negative. Positive results for markers to help distinguish mesothelioma from reactive pleura in mesotheliomas, adenocarcinomas, and reactive pleura, respectively, were epithelial membrane antigen, 76, 17, and 6; p53, 78, 16, and 9; P-170 glycoprotein, 37, 4, and 2; and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta, 31, 1, and 2. The differential diagnosis of mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma is based on negative markers. Individual mesothelial markers are of low sensitivity and specificity for mesothelioma. However, diagnostic accuracy is improved by the use of antibody panels. To date there are no antibodies that help distinguish mesothelioma from reactive pleura.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis still has a limited role in the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. A study of thirteen antibodies. 1148 73

The objective of the present study was to analyze the role of the mesothelial markers desmin and N-cadherin in the diagnostic panel of serous effusions. A total of 181 pleural and peritoneal effusions consisted of 101 cases cytologically diagnosed as malignant (89 carcinomas, 12 mesotheliomas), 78 benign, and 2 inconclusive specimens. All specimens were immunostained using 11 antibodies, against epithelial membrane antigen, Ber-EP4, carcinoembryonic antigen, E-cadherin, CA 125, N-cadherin, desmin, calretinin, p53, vimentin, and CD45. After evaluation of immunocytochemistry results, 110 specimens were diagnosed as malignant (98 carcinomas, 12 mesotheliomas) and 71 as benign (56 cellular, 15 paucicellular). The presence of desmin was detected in benign mesothelial cells in 47 of 56 (84%) reactive cellular specimens compared with 1 of 12 (8%) malignant mesotheliomas and 2 of 98 (2%) carcinomas. N-cadherin was expressed in 48 of 56 (86%) reactive cases, 12 of 12 (100%) mesotheliomas, and 47 of 98 (48%) carcinomas. In carcinomas, N-cadherin expression was most often seen in ovarian carcinoma but was also found in other carcinomas. Calretinin, an established marker of mesothelial cells, was detected in 52 of 56 (93%) reactive specimens, 11 of 12 (93%) mesotheliomas, and 3 of 98 (3%) carcinomas. Evaluation of staining results led to reclassification of six malignant specimens as benign, whereas 17 cases diagnosed as benign and the two diagnosed as inconclusive were classified as malignant. In conclusion, desmin appears to be a promising marker for the distinction between reactive mesothelium and malignant epithelial cells in terms of both specificity and sensitivity, and its complementary use with calretinin is recommended. Unlike calretinin, it may also prove valuable for the distinction between benign and malignant mesothelial cells. N-cadherin does not have a role in the distinction between mesothelial and epithelial cells. However, it may prove useful in the characterization of carcinomas of unknown origin. As has previously been shown, a significant number of diagnoses that are based on morphologic examination alone are modified after the use of a broad antibody panel.
 ...
PMID:The role of desmin and N-cadherin in effusion cytology: a comparative study using established markers of mesothelial and epithelial cells. 1168 57

Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells of the developing neocortex secrete Reelin (Reln), a glycoprotein involved in neuronal migration. CR cells selectively express p73, a p53 family member implicated in cell survival and apoptosis. Immunocytochemistry in prenatal human telencephalon reveals a complex sequence of migration waves of p73- and Reln-immunoreactive (IR) neurons into the cortical marginal zone (MZ). At early preplate stages, p73/Reln-IR cells arise in distinct sectors of the telencephalon, including cortical primordium and ganglionic eminences. After the appearance of the cortical plate, further p73/Reln-IR cells originate in the medial periolfactory forebrain. In addition, p73 marks a novel cell population that appears at the choroid-cortical junction or cortical hem before the emergence of the dorsal hippocampus. A pronounced mediolateral gradient in the density of p73/Reln-IR neurons in the neocortical MZ at 8 gestational weeks suggests that a subset of CR cells migrate tangentially from cortical hem and taenia tecta into neocortical territory. This hypothesis is supported by the absence of p73-transcripts in prospective neocortex of p73-/-mice at embryonic day 12 (E12), whereas they are present in cortical hem and taenia tecta. In the p73-/- preplate, Reln is faintly expressed in a calretinin-positive cell population, not present in this form in the E12 wild-type cortex. At P2, Reln-IR CR cells are undetectable in the p73-/- cortex, whereas Reln-expression in interneurons is unchanged. Our results point to a close association between p73 and Reln in CR cells of the developing neocortex, with a partial dissociation in early preplate and basal telencephalon, and to a p73-mediated role of the cortical hem in neocortical development.
 ...
PMID:Expression of p73 and Reelin in the developing human cortex. 1207 94

A synaptic network is already formed in the marginal zone of the early telencephalon before the arrival of the first wave of radial migration of neuroblasts from the subventricular zone to form the cortical plate. Cells and fibers forming the marginal zone are mainly the Cajal-Retzius (C-R) neurons and their processes. The origin of these cells is not yet proved but is likely either the median ganglionic eminence or the mesencephalic neuromere. The bipolar or multipolar C-R neurons populate the molecular layer of the fetal cortical plate and are sparse in the adult. Their thick axon emits collaterals for synaptic contact with pyramidal neurons initially in layer 6 and later with in all layers. C-R neurons produce GABA, possibly ACh, several calcium-binding proteins (eg, calmodulin, parvalbumin, calretinin) and several neuropeptides; they are rich in ribosomes. Subplate neurons, beneath the cortical plate, emit pioneer axons in the incipient formation of the internal capsule and also commissural fibers of the early hippocampus. C-R cells express products of the genes RELN, LIS1, and DS-CAM, which mediate radial neuroblast migration and lamination of the cortical plate and important in the pathogenesis of lissencephaly. A subpopulation of C-R neurons also expresses a p53 product implicated in cell survival and apoptosis. In addition to forming the first intrinsic synaptic circuits of the cortical plate and its first afferent and efferent connections with subcortical structures, they may play additional roles in the formation of ocular dominance columns, in regulating neuronogenesis, and in cortical repair. They do not disappear by apoptosis at the completion of cell migration, as was previously thought, but their functional role in the mature brain remains unknown.
 ...
PMID:Role of Cajal-Retzius and subplate neurons in cerebral cortical development. 1252 54

We report a localized malignant mesothelioma of the epithelial type, occurring as a primary hepatic neoplasm in a 64-year-old male. He was found to have a mass located in the right lobe of the liver. Surgery was carried out with resection of the mass from the right hepatic lobe, with partial resection of the diaphragm. Grossly, an ill-defined tumor was present in the hepatic parenchyma. Histologically, the tumor displayed a predominant tubular pattern of growth with a desmoplastic stroma. The tubules were lined by a single layer of cuboidal or flattened cells with pleomorphic vesicular nuclei. A hyaluronidase-digestible, mucin-like substance was demonstrated in the lumen and tumor cytoplasm. The tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for calretinin, HBME-1, cytokeratin, i.e. AE1/AE3 and CAM 5.2, but negative for carcinoembryonic antigen, CD 34 and Leu M1. Moreover, the tumor cells showed nuclear accumulation of the p53 oncopotein and reacted frequently with Ki-67 antibody. These findings support the concept that malignant mesothelioma of the epithelial type may occur at extrapleural sites. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of localized malignant primary mesothelioma arising in the liver.
 ...
PMID:Localized malignant mesothelioma of the epithelial type occurring as a primary hepatic neoplasm: a case report with review of the literature. 1258 19

Calretinin is a calcium-binding protein with a possible role as a calcium buffer, calcium-sensor, or regulator of apoptosis. Calretinin is expressed in neural tissue, is a specific marker of mesothelial cells, and has been demonstrated in the odontogenic epithelium during odontogenesis in rat molar tooth germs. Moreover, it has been found to be expressed in a high proportion of solid, unicystic, and multicystic ameloblastomas, whereas, on the contrary, no positive staining has been found in odontogenic keratocysts, residual cysts, and dentigerous cysts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate calretinin expression in radicular cysts, follicular cysts, orthokeratinized keratocysts, and parakeratinized keratocysts. A total of 70 odontogenic cysts, 24 radicular cysts, 24 follicular cysts, and 22 odontogenic keratocysts (10 orthokeratinized keratocysts, 12 parakeratinized keratocysts) were evaluated. All the radicular cysts, follicular cysts, and orthokeratinized keratocysts were negative. However in 8 of 12 parakeratinized keratocysts, there was a positivity to calretinin in the parabasal-intermediate layers of the cyst epithelium. This positivity to calretinin in the parabasal layers in parakeratinized keratocysts, similar to that found for other markers like PCNA and p53, could point to an abnormal control of the cell cycle and could help to explain the differences in the clinical and pathologic behavior of odontogenic keratocysts, in particular the differences found between orthokeratinized keratocysts and parakeratinized keratocysts.
 ...
PMID:Calretinin expression in odontogenic cysts. 1281 22


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>