Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04637 (p53)
 77,613 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Choosing the surgical technique for the cervix carcinoma--vaginal or abdominal--it is particularly necessary to take into account the lymphatic spread of the cervix. As it is not possible to realize a lymphadenectomy in a vaginal procedure, it has to be found a preoperative diagnostic method which enables very surely the exclusion of lymph node involvement. In summary of the facts stated up to now, one can conclude as follows: 1. The FIGO-classification is too subjective. 2. There is a significant correlation between tumor volume and lymph node involvement. 3. The tumor markers--as e.g. PCNA, p53, c-neu, EGF, beta 1 Integrin etc.--show no correlation with the lymph node involvement. 4. Only MRI allows an exact preoperative measurement of the tumor volume. 5. On account of the above mentioned results, it seems to be possible to extend the indication for the vaginal radical surgery on cases with a small tumor volume.
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PMID:The vaginal radical operation of cervical cancer. 855 79

The effects of two food-related chemicals (sodium saccharin and linoleic acid) on the levels of Her2/neu and p53 mRNA in a non-cancerous human breast epithelial cell line (HBL-100) were tested in comparison with the effects of the known tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA). Treatments were made both with and without prior treatment with two well-known tumor initiators, N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). The effects in general were small, the greatest being increases of 46-67% in Her2/neu mRNA levels in response to treatments with TPA or sodium saccharin following NMU treatments. These results demonstrate that sodium saccharin following NMU treatments might be involved in transcriptional regulation of Her2/neu in HBL-100 cells and suggest that its effects may not be limited to urinary bladder.
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PMID:Effects of sodium saccharin and linoleic acid on mRNA levels of Her2/neu and p53 in a human breast epithelial cell line. 860 85

Oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and growth factors are being explored as to their role in the initiation and progression of most neoplasms, but little information exists on the expression of oncoproteins or growth factors in adenocarcinoma of the duodenum or ampulla of Vater. This report covers expressions of p53, c-neu, TGF-alpha, CEA, and EMA in duodenal adenocarcinoma and ampullary adenocarcinoma, as well as correlations between expressions and tumor stage, histological grade and patient survival. The expression of p53, c-neu, TGF-alpha, CEA, and EMA has been studied in 15 duodenal adenocarcinomas and in eight ampullary adenocarcinomas by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The positive reaction for p53, c-neu, TGF-alpha, CEA, and EMA in duodenal adenocarcinoma was 20%, 60%, 60%, 73%, and 100%, respectively, and in ampullary adenocarcinoma, 13%, 100%, 50%, 63%, and 100%. Among the duodenal tumors, C-neu and p53 expression was noted more frequently in groups with high histological grades. Patients with c-neu positive duodenal adenocarcinoma had a shorter survival than the patients with c-neu negative duodenal adenocarcinoma (P < 0.01). C-neu product may serve as an unfavorable prognostic indicator in duodenal adenocarcinoma. No statistically significant correlation was found between the expressions of CEA, EMA, p53, and TGF-alpha and patient survival, tumor stage, or histological grade in either duodenal or ampullary adenocarcinomas.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of duodenum and ampulla of Vater: clinicopathology study and expression of p53, c-neu, TGF-alpha, CEA, and EMA. 860 40

The role of oncogenes and antioncogenes in lung tumorigenesis is discussed in this review, with particular emphasis on their prognostic significance. Mutations in the ras family of oncogenes, overexpression of the myc and neu families of oncogenes, and mutations of p53, the recessive tumor suppressor gene, occur with differing frequencies in small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, and are usually associated with a poor prognosis. Loss of heterozygosity, notably on chromosomes 3p, 5q, 9p, 13q, and 17p, is a common feature in lung carcinomas and its importance is also discussed.
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PMID:Oncogenes and antioncogenes in lung tumorigenesis. 863 91

The occurrence of different components of the cell growth regulation pathway as expressed in experimental skin carcinogenesis in haired carcinogen-sensitive NMRI, in haired carcinogen resistant DBA/2 mice and in hairless SKH/1 mice was studied by morphological and immunohistochemical methods. The results were compared with respect to neoplastic response, number of tumors, tumor behaviour and to the inducing agent (UV irradiation or chemical carcinogen), in order to increase our understanding of specific alterations in neoplastic development caused by extraneous agents and to determine their possible usefulness as indicators of carcinogen exposure. The expression of growth factors (transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor), growth factor receptors (epidermal growth factor receptor/c-erbB-1 and c-erbB-2/neu), cell signalling component c-myc, the nuclear transcription factor Harvey-Ras and the tumor suppressor gene p53, were studied in carcinogen- and UV-induced tumor formation in mouse. The results showed increased oncogene expression as well as growth factor expression in the skin during tumor development appearing early in neoplastic and premalignant conditions and becoming more distinct during neoplastic progression. Efforts to delineate specifically initiated cells prior to the appearance of morphologically detectable alterations including dysplasia, papilloma formation and squamous cell carcinomas, were unsuccessful. Increased staining by antibodies to growth factors and oncogenes were also observed in DBA/2 animals resistant to tumor formation. It is concluded that oncogene expression and growth factor protein deposits are associated with carcinogenic effects, partly explaining the mechanism of action of these agents, but the applicability, as such, for the analysis of potential hazardous agents needs further studies.
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PMID:Oncogenes and growth factors as indicators of carcinogen exposure. 867 68

Expression of bcl-2 is most commonly associated with the t(14;18) translocation present in most folicular lymphomas (1). More recently, bcl-2 oncoprotein has been identified in normal tissues and in nonhematologic malignancies. In this study, we investigate the use of bcl-2 as a marker to distinguish metastatic breast carcinoma from primary lung and gastric cancers, and we evaluate the role of bcl-2 as an independent prognostic factor in breast carcinoma and its relationship to other breast cancer markers. bcl-2 immunostains were done on 371 adenocarcinomas of the breast, lung, and stomach. Additionally, 231 samples of metastases from patients with breast or gastric cancer were evaluated for bcl-2 expression. All breast cancer tissue samples had immunohistochemical data on expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, p53, neu/cerb2, and MIB-1. A large proportion (79.3%) of invasive breast carcinomas expressed bcl-2, whereas only 5.6% and 8.3% of pulmonary and gastric carcinomas did. Moreover, staining was moderate to intense in 70.2% of the breast cancers, compared with only one specimen of lung carcinoma (1.9%) and gastric carcinoma (0.9%) that showed moderate staining. There was agreement of bcl-2 expression between primary and metastatic sites in all specimens except one. Expression of bcl-2 in breast adenocarcinomas was significantly associated with hormone receptor positivity and low histologic grade. Nonetheless, 20.6% of bcl-2-positive specimens were estrogen receptor negative and 24.2% of bcl-2-positive specimens were progesterone receptor negative. Neither the presence nor the absence of bcl-2 expression significantly predicted disease-free survival or overall survival in patients with breast cancer. We conclude that adenocarcinomas with intense bcl-2 staining are more likely to be of breast than of pulmonary or gastric origin. We recommend the addition of bcl-2 to a panel of antibodies (estrogen receptor, GCDFP-15, and S100) that might contribute to the identification of a larger proportion of metastatic breast carcinomas, because almost one-half of the estrogen-receptor negative cancers were bcl-2 positive.
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PMID:Expression of bcl-2 by breast cancer: a possible diagnostic application. 872 86

Polyomavirus large T-antigen transgenic mice develop cardiac hypertrophy characterized by an increase in atrial natriuretic factor and beta-myosin heavy chain isoform expression. The aim of this study was to examine changes in proto-oncogene expression in hypertrophied hearts from the transgenic mice. Expression of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) mRNA was detected in hearts from all 15 transgenic mice, but was not detectable in 13 control mice. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction experiments using Egr-1-specific primers confirmed the increase in Egr-1 mRNA in enlarged hearts from the transgenic mice. Expression of c-jun, junD and Ha-ras mRNAs was increased in the transgenic hearts 3, 17 and 2.8-fold respectively. Western blots showed an increase in c-myc, c-jun and ras protein in hypertrophied transgenic hearts. Immunofluorescence analyses confirmed an increase in Egr-1 and c-jun protein in transgenic cardiomyocytes. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-ras and HSP 90 mRNAs were decreased 22, 2.7 and 3-fold, respectively in the transgenic hearts. Not altered in most hypertrophied hearts was expression of c-fos, junB, p53, c-neu, c-myc, HSP70, HSP27, TGF-beta or IGF 1 mRNAs. Proto-oncogene and growth factor gene expression in hypertrophy induced by PVLT expression is modulated with some proto-oncogenes increased and others decreased in expression.
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PMID:Molecular remodelling in hypertrophied hearts from polyomavirus large T-antigen transgenic mice. 875 Nov 59

This study is aimed at determining the usefulness of nuclear DNA content and S-phase fraction (SPF) to predict tumor recurrence in papillary superficial bladder cancer. Tumor DNA content and SPF were measured by flow cytometry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 199 newly diagnosed pTa/pT1 transitional cell carcinomas of patients enrolled into a multicenter prospective study from 1990 to 1992. The follow-up extended up to March 1994, and, at last follow-up, 122 (61.3%) patients have experienced at least one recurrence. After exclusion of 34 cases, whose coefficient of variation exceeded 8%, 131 (79.4%) tumors were diploid, and 34 (20.6%) were aneuploid. There was no association between tumor DNA content and time to first recurrence. Diploid tumors with low SPF (< 11%) tended to have a longer recurrence-free survival (RFS) than those with high SPF, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = .2833). SPF in aneuploid tumors did not add any new information. Aneuploidy was associated with higher stage (P < .001), poorer grade (P < .002), multifocality (P = .028), Her-2/neu (P = .021), and p53 (P = .033) expression. High SPF correlated with higher stage (P = .066) and higher grade (P = .025). This study shows that DNA-ploidy and SPF measured on a single superficial bladder cancer specimen are not predictive of tumor recurrence. The frequent multifocality of the disease may explain, in part, these findings.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of nuclear DNA content and S-phase fraction by flow cytometry in primary papillary superficial bladder cancer. 881 87

Recent studies have suggested that insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) may be implicated in the development and progression of breast cancer. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a serine protease, may play a role in the regulation of IGFs' function through cleavage of IGFBP-3, resulting in release of active IGFs from IGFBP-3. As IGFs, IGFBPs and PSA are all present in breast cancer, possible associations among these proteins were speculated. In this study, we have measured PSA, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 in tumour tissue cytosols from 200 women with primary breast cancer, and have examined relationships between IGFs or IGFBPs and PSA along with other markers, including p53 protein, steroid hormone receptors (oestrogen and progesterone), cathepsin-D, epidermal growth factor receptor, Her-2/neu protein, S-phase fraction and DNA ploidy. Correlations or associations between PSA and IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1 or IGFBP-3 were not observed. IGF-II was positively correlated with both IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-1. IGF-I was not associated with either of the two binding proteins, nor with IGF-II. Both IGF-II and IGFBP-3 were inversely associated with the oestrogen receptor, and IGFBP-3 was also positively associated with S-phase fraction. Our finding of IGF-II and IGFBP-3 in association with unfavourable prognostic indicators of breast cancer suggests that IGFs may be involved in the progression of breast cancer.
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PMID:Associations between insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins and other prognostic indicators in breast cancer. 888 11

Primary chemotherapy in operable breast invasive carcinoma enables tumour reduction and conservative surgery. In order to search for one or more biological factors capable of predicting tumour behaviour under primary chemotherapy, and subsequent patient survival, an immunohistochemical study was performed with specific antibodies to p53, c-erbB-2 (Her-2/neu), Mib1 (antiKi-67), pS2, GST pi, oestrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs). Core biopsies, obtained before primary chemotherapy, were available from a series of 128 breast invasive carcinomas treated between January 1985 and April 1989, with a median follow-up of 93.3 months. Univariate statistical analysis showed that negative ER detection by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was highly correlated with chemosensitivity (P = 0.001). A high percentage of Mib1-positive tumour cells (> 40%), as well as initial tumour size less than 4 cm, were also correlated with tumour responsiveness to chemotherapy (P = 0.009 and P = 0.03). By multivariate analysis IHC-ER, Mib1 and initial tumour size were independent predictors, the last parameter being the most important. Concerning subsequent patient survival, c-erbB-2 overexpression, as detected by IHC, was significant with respect to overall survival (OS) (P = 0.0006), disease-free interval (DFI) (P = 0.03) and metastasis-free interval (MFI) (P = 0.008) by univariate analysis. Furthermore, c-erbB-2 was the major independent prognostic factor for OS and MFI by multivariate analysis.
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PMID:Primary chemotherapy in breast invasive carcinoma: predictive value of the immunohistochemical detection of hormonal receptors, p53, c-erbB-2, MiB1, pS2 and GST pi. 891 45


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