Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04637 (p53)
 77,613 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several immunohistochemical markers have been used to demonstrate the presence of myoepithelial cells in order to determine their role in the histogenesis of mammary tumors. p63, a recently characterized p53 homologue, is consistently expressed in myoepithelial cells of the human breast; however, no assessment of its immunoreactivity has been reported so far in canine mammary tissues. We investigated p63 immunohistochemical expression, as a novel myoepithelial cell nuclear marker, in 81 samples of normal (n = 2), hyperplastic (n = 11), and neoplastic (n = 68) canine mammary tissues. Myoepithelial phenotype was confirmed by using complementary monoclonal antibodies: alpha-smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin 14, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, and vimentin. p63 expression was observed in 91.4% (74/81) of the samples evaluated. Normal mammary glands, mammary hyperplasias, and benign tumors showed 100% immunoreactivity, with p63 expression restricted to myoepithelial cell nuclei. In general, benign mixed tumors showed a basal cell compartment immunoreactive to p63, with a gradual decrease of its expression during myoepithelial transformation. p63 expression was found in 72% of malignant tumors, allowing myoepithelial or basal cell identification in spindle-cell carcinomas (2/2), tubulopapillary carcinomas (8/9), solid carcinomas (7/10), and carcinosarcomas (1/3). The osteosarcoma analyzed was p63 negative. In our series, stromal components were consistently nonreactive to p63. In conclusion, the present study reveals p63 as a sensitive and highly specific marker of myoepithelial cells in canine mammary tissues, and the authors suggest p63 as an additional marker for defining myoepithelial histogenesis.
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PMID:p63: a novel myoepithelial cell marker in canine mammary tissues. 1282 13

Esophageal small cell carcinoma (SmCC) is a rarer, more highly aggressive, and more rapidly growing neoplasm than esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC). SmCC and SqCC also differ in terms of chemotherapy of choice, response to therapy, and prognosis. Accordingly, it is important to differentiate the 2 carcinomas. We studied the histology and immunohistochemical profiles of 6 cases of esophageal SmCC to elucidate the correct diagnosis of this tumor. We performed immunohistochemical analysis antibodies against cytokeratins (CKAE1/AE3, CKCAM5.2, CK34betaE12, CK7, CK8, CK10/13, and CK19), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM; CD56), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin-A, S-100 protein, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), E-cadherin, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), and p53. In 3 of the 6 SmCCs, heterogeneous components of in situ or invasive SqCC were observed. SqCC was found in the mucosa adjacent to the main SmCC, and the boundary between SmCC and SqCC was distinct, with no transitional features. Staining for NCAM, NSE, and chromogranin-A was positive in SmCCs, but negative in SqCCs. Both SmCCs and SqCCs were positive for CKAE1/AE3, CKCAM5.2, CK8, and EMA, but only SqCCs were positive for CK34betaE12 and CK19. Moreover, SmCCs containing SqCC components were positive for CEA and E-cadherin, whereas SmCCs without SqCC were negative. Our study suggests that NCAM and NSE are useful markers in diagnosing esophageal SmCC, and CK34betaE12 and CK19 are useful for differentiating SqCC components from SmCC.
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PMID:Primary esophageal small cell carcinoma with concomitant invasive squamous cell carcinoma or carcinoma in situ. 1465 11

Mammary small cell carcinoma (SmCC) is a very rare neoplasm with a poor prognosis compared with other invasive carcinomas. We studied the histological and immunohistochemical profiles of two cases of mammary SmCC, and compared them with those of five cases of carcinoma with endocrine features (CEF) and five cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), to elucidate the correct diagnosis of mammary SmCC. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with antibodies against cytokeratins (CKAE1/AE3, CK34betaE12, CKCAM5.2, CK7, CK8, CK19, CK20), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), vimentin, CD10, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM; CD56), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A, S-100 protein, carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), E-cadherin, N-cadherin, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), p53, estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), HER2/neu, bcl-2, synaptophysin, calcitonin and Leu7. SmCCs were diffusely and strongly positive for NCAM in comparison with CEFs and IDCs. SmCCs were negative for vimentin, whereas CEFs and IDCs were positive. Neuro-endocrine carcinomas, including SmCCs and CEFs, were diffusely and strongly positive for NSE, compared with IDCs. Moreover, neuroendocrine carcinomas were negative for CK34betaE12, CK20 and CD10, whereas IDCs were positive. Our study suggests that NCAM and vimentin are useful markers for the diagnosis of mammary SmCC. CK34betaE12, NSE, CD10, CK20 and chromogranin A appear to be useful for differentiating neuroendocrine carcinoma from IDCs.
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PMID:Comparative study of primary mammary small cell carcinoma, carcinoma with endocrine features and invasive ductal carcinoma. 1501 Aug 80

We report a salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) of parotid gland in a 75-year-old male. Initially, it was studied by fine-needle aspiration, which disclosed features of malignancy consistent with a high-grade carcinoma. Histologically, the tumor showed typical features of SDC, predominantly with a solid and apocrine pattern. The aggressive behavior of this tumor was documented by facial palsy and the presence of 12 regional lymph node metastases. Immunohistochemical study showed positivity for cytokeratins (AE1/AE3), cytokeratin 7, GCDFP-15, C-erbB-2, Mib-1, topoisomerase II alpha, p53, and androgen receptors. Diffuse positivity with chromogranin-A, synaptophysin, and Grimelius stains was also observed, suggesting endocrine features. Phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin, antimitochondrial antigen, progesterone and estrogen receptors, cytokeratin 20, and S-100 stains were negative. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported of SDC exhibiting neuroendocrine differentiation.
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PMID:Salivary duct carcinoma with neuroendocrine features: report of a case with cytological and immunohistochemical study. 1534 92

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common form of oral malignancy and is often preceded by premalignant lesions, some of which are more likely to progress to carcinoma than others. In this study, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (AE1/AE3, cytokeratin [CK] 14, Ki-67 and p53) is applied to 10 cases of human oral tissue in each of six categories to establish staining patterns indicative of which lesions are more likely to progress to malignancy. The six tissue categories are normal tissue; abnormal benign lesions; mild, moderate and severe dysplasia; and SCC. A statistical analysis of Ki-67 and p53 immunoexpression is performed. The results showed that AE1/AE3 and CK 14 expression was reduced as a late event in oral carcinogenesis, particularly in poorly differentiated SCC. Expression of Ki-67 and p53 proved to be a weak but statistically significant predictor of malignant progression in oral tissue.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical analysis of AE1/AE3, CK 14, Ki-67 and p53 expression in benign, premalignant and malignant oral tissue to establish putative markers for progression of oral carcinoma. 1546 55

Sarcomatoid carcinomas are uncommon, high-grade tumors, predominantly composed of spindle cells. Only a few cases arising in the penis have been reported. The aim of this study is to better define the clinicopathologic features of this neoplasm. A total of 400 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis were reviewed from which 15 sarcomatoid carcinomas (4%) were identified. Clinical and pathologic features were evaluated in all cases. Immunohistochemical studies for expression of AE1/AE3, Cam 5.2, 34betaE12, EMA, vimentin, muscle specific actin, smooth muscle actin, desmin, S-100, p63, and p53 and in situ hybridization studies for HPV were performed in 5 cases. Information about lymph node status was available in 9 cases, and follow-up in 5 cases. The mean age was 59 years, and mean tumor size was 5 cm. Grossly, most tumors were large, polypoid, and ulcerated masses frequently affecting the glans (93%) and deeply invading corpora cavernosa (80%) and skin. Microscopically, the lesions were predominantly composed of atypical spindle cells disposed in interlacing fascicles, resembling fibrosarcoma or leiomyosarcoma, sometimes admixed with pleomorphic giant cells mimicking malignant fibrous histiocytoma. One case was predominantly composed of myxoid areas. Less frequent and focal patterns were pseudoangiomatous and epithelioid. Mitotic figures were numerous, and necrosis was prominent. Foci of heterologous differentiation toward bone (osteosarcomatous component) were present in 1 case. Four cases showed a minor mixed component of usual, papillary, verrucous, and basaloid carcinoma. Intrapenile metastasis ("satellitosis") was present in 4 tumors. One of the cases was multicentric with a separate independent focus of well-differentiated carcinoma with pseudohyperplastic features. Associated low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were noted in 73% of the cases. Immunohistochemical studies and HPV in situ hybridization were done in 5 cases. The spindle cells were diffusely positive for vimentin and p53 and showed at least intermediate expression of 34betaE12 and p63 in all cases. EMA and AE1/AE3 were focally positive in 60% of the cases, and Cam 5.2 was focally positive in 1 case. Tumor cells failed to express muscle specific actin, smooth muscle actin, desmin, and S-100. HPV in situ hybridization was negative in all cases. Inguinal metastases were present in 89% of the cases. Two of five patients with adequate follow-up died of disease within 8 months of the diagnoses. In conclusion, penile sarcomatoid carcinomas are unusual, large, and aggressive tumors usually associated with lymph node metastasis and poor outcome. Differential diagnoses include sarcoma and melanoma. Cytokeratin 34betaE12 and p63 appear to be the more specific and sensitive markers to categorize these tumors as epithelial. Diffuse immunoreactivity for p53, compared with a more basal and focal reactivity in differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, may be indicative of a late mutation in the natural progression of the disease.
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PMID:Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the penis: a clinicopathologic study of 15 cases. 1609 3

A 59-year-old man presented with a 10-cm x 8-cm tumoral plaque with a superficial nodule in the interscapular region of the back (Fig. 1). The lesion had been growing for 25 years. As a cystic lesion was suspected, the superficial nodule was biopsied. The histopathologic diagnosis was low-grade sarcoma with sclerosis. Two months after the initial biopsy, the lesion was completely excised, reaching the muscular fascia, with a 2-cm margin and with a free graft. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were submitted to histologic and immunohistochemical study (4-microm paraffin sections); frozen tissue was submitted to electron microscopy. For histopathology, sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemistry was performed following standard avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase procedures with primary antibodies for vimentin, CD34, smooth muscle-specific actin, bcl-2, S-100, desmin, myoglobin, factor VIII, p53 (all from DAKO, Copenhagen, Denmark), HHF-35 (Enzo Diagnostics, Farmingdale NY), cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) (Biogenex, San Ramon, CA), and factor XIIIa (Calbiochem Novabiochem Corporation, La Jolla, CA). At low magnification, the histologic study of the initial tumoral nodule revealed a poorly circumscribed mesenchymal proliferation, with fibroblastic-like neoplastic cells arranged in a fascicular and storiform pattern, admixed with extensive areas of sclerosis. At higher magnification, tumoral cells were spindle-shaped with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm. In some areas, sclerosis was so evident that a keloid-like pattern was seen (Fig. 2a). The surgical specimen showed a fibroblastic neoplastic proliferation infiltrating the dermis and hypodermis. In the dermis, cells were arranged in a storiform pattern, whereas in the hypodermis there was a honeycomb or lace-like pattern (Fig. 2b). There were also cellular areas alternating with sclerotic areas, with transitional zones in between, in both the dermis and hypodermis. The immunohistochemical study of the initial tumoral nodule and the surgical specimen showed that tumoral cells expressed vimentin, CD34 (Fig. 3), bcl-2, HHF-35, and smooth muscle actin. Neoplastic cells failed to show positivity with desmin, myoglobin, factor XIIIa, factor VIII, S-100, cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), and p53. An ultrastructural study revealed spindle cells having an irregular contour with a well-developed granular reticulum endoplasmic (REG) system in their cytoplasm, as well as some Golgi complexes and mitochondria. Also visible was the presence of many actin filaments and some myosin condensations (Fig. 4), characteristics of a fibroblastic cell with myofibroblastic differentiation. The final histopathologic diagnosis of the surgical specimen was sclerosing dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Two years after surgery, the patient is alive and well.
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PMID:Sclerosing dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP): an unusual variant with focus on the histopathologic differential diagnosis. 1642 80

The presence of keratin granulomas in peritoneal cavity associated with ovarian endometrioid carcinoma, which might be related to leakage from the ovarian tumor, is rarely reported. Its clinical significance has not yet been well investigated. We report a case presenting with intermittent abdominal pain after an acute episode 1 month before a complex adnexal tumor was noted. Comprehensive cytoreductive surgery was performed. The ovarian tumor was an endometrioid adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation. There were diffuse brownish flecks over the omental surface and pelvic peritoneum, which contained fragments of degenerated squamous cells, keratin, and numerous foreign body giant cells. Extensive multiple sections were examined for these implants. DNA flow cytometry and various immunostaining studies (HER-2/neu, p53, CK-7, and cytokeratin [AE1/AE3]) were performed. Since viable epithelial cells in the implants could be differentially identified against mesothelial or granulomatous components by CK-7 staining and DNA aneuploidy was demonstrated on primary ovarian tumor, four courses of chemotherapy were administered. The patient has been free of disease for 18 months since diagnosis.
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PMID:Ovarian endometrioid carcinoma with diffuse pigmented peritoneal keratin granulomas: a case report and review of the literature. 1644 70

Low-grade intraductal carcinomas (LG-IDCs) of salivary gland are rare neoplasms that resemble atypical ductal hyperplasia or LG-IDCs of the breast. They have been referred to as "low-grade salivary duct carcinomas" or "low-grade cribriform cystadenocarcinomas." Herein, we describe 3 additional cases of LG-IDCs, 2 were pure intraductal carcinomas, although 1 demonstrated increasing cytologic atypia and progression to an invasive adenosquamous carcinoma. The latter had been present for 7 years before demonstrating clinical and pathologic progression to a widely invasive malignancy. The intraductal component in all cases exhibited a remarkable degree of apocrine differentiation. The tumor cells were positive for AE1:AE3, Cam 5.2, high molecular weight keratin, CK7, CK19, BRST-2, and androgen receptors (ARs). S-100 was positive in 2 cases and negative in 1 case. The intraductal neoplastic cells were surrounded by myoepithelial cells positive for CK14, actins, calponin, high molecular weight keratin, and p63. All the tumors were negative for CK20, estrogen and progesterone receptors, Her2Neu, and p53. Extensive apocrine differentiation, expression of ARs, CK7, and CK19, and progression to a widely invasive carcinoma after a long clinical latency have not been reported in LG-IDCs previously. These tumors share some histopathologic features with salivary duct carcinoma including apocrine differentiation, and expression of ARs and BRST-2. The terms "low-grade salivary duct carcinomas" and "low-grade cribriform cystadenocarcinomas" should be abandoned in favor of LG-IDC of salivary gland, which better reflects their predominantly noninvasive, intraductal nature.
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PMID:Low-grade intraductal carcinoma of salivary gland: report of 3 cases with marked apocrine differentiation. 1686 74

Squamous cell carcinoma is a rare thyroid neoplasm that has been described exclusively in adults. We report what appears to be the first example of a primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland arising in a background of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in an adolescent female. The tumor was well demarcated, confined to the right thyroid lobe, and did not metastasize, although follow up has been limited. The squamous cell carcinoma was well to moderately differentiated, and the stroma contained an abundant inflammatory infiltrate rich in lymphocytes and eosinophils. The lack of goblet cells, extracellular mucin, and extensive stromal sclerosis excluded the diagnosis of sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia. Immunohistochemical staining revealed focal expression of cytokeratin 7 and diffuse labeling with cytokeratin AE1/AE3. The squamous cell carcinoma overexpressed p53 protein and showed increased proliferative activity, as evidenced by the high MIB-1 labeling index. In contrast, the tumor did not show immunoreactivity for thyroglobulin or thyroid transcription factor 1.
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PMID:Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid arising in Hashimoto's thyroiditis in an adolescent. 1716 93


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