Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04637 (p53)
 77,613 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study reports the first case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) involving both the oral mucosa and the tuberosity area of the maxilla. The tumour showed many histological similarities to cases previously reported, though mitoses were not frequent. The immunoreactivity for cytokeratin, S-100, vimentin, Ki-67, p53, c-erbB-2 and bcl-2 was also investigated. Immunostaining for the bcl-2 protein showed a high extent of positive cells, although only a moderate staining intensity. Staining for c-erbB-2 was negative. The pathological findings and the immunoreactivity may indicate that BSCC is not as high a grade carcinoma as previously suggested. Additional studies are thus clearly needed to confirm or reject this impression.
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PMID:Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the maxilla. 968 80

To develop a syngeneic transplantable system to study immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of prostate cancer, three cell lines were established from a heterogeneous 32 week tumor of the transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. TRAMP is a transgenic line of C57BL/6 mice harboring a construct comprised of the minimal -426/+28 rat probasin promoter driving prostate-specific epithelial expression of the SV40 large T antigen. TRAMP males develop histological prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia by 8-12 weeks of age that progress to adenocarcinoma with distant metastases by 24-30 weeks of age. The three cell lines (TRAMP-C1, TRAMP-C2, and TRAMP-C3) express cytokeratin, E-cadherin, and androgen receptor by immunohistochemical analysis and do not appear to have a mutated p53. Although TRAMP-C1 and TRAMP-C2 are tumorigenic when grafted into syngeneic C57BL/6 hosts, TRAMP-C3 grows readily in vitro but does not form tumors. The T antigen oncoprotein is not expressed by the cell lines in vitro or in vivo. The rationale for establishing multiple cell lines was to isolate cells representing various stages of cellular transformation and progression to androgen-independent metastatic disease that could be manipulated in vitro and, in combination with the TRAMP model, provide a system to investigate therapeutic interventions, such as immunotherapy prior to clinical trials.
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PMID:Characterization of prostatic epithelial cell lines derived from transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. 926 88

An organotypic, tridimensional cell culture, also called a raft system, was used to study the influence of fibroblasts on epithelial carcinogenesis in a cell line derived from laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and harboring a mutated p53. Differences between the effects of normal fibroblasts and those of tumor-derived fibroblasts were compared by means of fibroblasts taken from the normal skin and from the tumor of a cancer patient and cultivated with epithelial carcinoma cells in an organotypic culture. To study cell contact-mediated changes, the fibroblasts were either simply embedded in collagen matrix or additionally brought into direct contact with epithelial cells. Control epithelial cells were cultivated without any fibroblasts in an organotypic model. A protein panel [p53, p21, PCNA, bcl-2, Ki67, total cytokeratin (CK), CK 8, CK 10, CK 17, CK 18, CK 19, vimentin] involved in cell cycling and epithelial differentiation was assessed immunocytochemically in all organotypic cultures with fibroblasts, in tumor cells cultivated as a monolayer, and in the original tumor sample. The most dysplastic phenotype was obtained when tumor-derived fibroblasts were used in direct contact with epithelial cells, whereas the most benign phenotype was seen when skin fibroblasts had no contact with them. The intensive staining seen for p53 can be explained by p53 mutations also reflecting the weak expression of p21 and abundant expression of PCNA. The intensive Ki67 staining seen in all sections paralleled that of PCNA and marked active cellular proliferation. The CK staining pattern seen in cultured epithelia toward embryonic CKs, CK 8 and CK 18, suggested a simple epithelial phenotype. CK 19 was found only in the epithelium where no direct contacts had occurred. Vimentin expression increased when the raft epithelium was shifting toward a more benign phenotype. The results stress the importance of the origin of fibroblasts as well as the role of direct cellular contacts in modifying the epithelial phenotype even when the epithelial cells are malignant.
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PMID:Fibroblasts can modulate the phenotype of malignant epithelial cells in vitro. 928 67

Despite controversy regarding its histogenesis, meningeal hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a well-defined clinicopathologic entity exhibiting high rates of recurrence and late extracranial metastasis. It must be distinguished from several benign neoplasms, particularly fibrous meningioma (FM) and solitary fibrous tumor (SFT). To determine the immunoprofile of HPC, we studied 27 meningeal examples, including 13 low-grade and 14 high-grade tumors. For comparison, 20 FMs and eight SFTs of the meninges were also evaluated. The immunotype of HPC included vimentin (85%), factor XIIIa (78%) in individual scattered cells, Leu-7 (70%), and CD34 (33%) in a weak, patchy pattern. Focal desmin and cytokeratin positivity was only occasionally encountered (20% each). The SFT shared a similar immunophenotype, except that CD34 expression (100%) was characteristically strong and diffuse. The FM characteristically expressed epithelial membrane antibody (EMA) (80%) and S-100 protein (80%); CD34 reactivity (60%) was patchy and weak. Both within and among all three tumor types, MIB-1 labeling indices varied widely. Specifically, they were unrelated to tumor grade in HPC. Significant reactivity for p53 protein was detected in 52% of HPCs, 17% of SFTs, and 5% of FMs. Meningeal HPC exhibits a distinct antigenic profile, one enabling the exclusion of other entities in nearly all cases. The rare expression of desmin or cytokeratin in HPC suggests either the occurrence of divergent differentiation or, less likely, the possibility that its distinctive morphology is but a phenotype shared by several types of meningeal sarcoma.
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PMID:The immunophenotypic spectrum of meningeal hemangiopericytoma: a comparison with fibrous meningioma and solitary fibrous tumor of meninges. 935 73

Childhood kidney tumors seldom metastasize into the cranial cavity unless it is a special histological variant. We report a 4-year-old boy with multiple intracranial metastases in the left parietotemporal and right cerebellar area from primary clear cell sarcoma of the kidney without evidence of bony metastases. Metastatic tumor revealed nests of uniformly polygonal cells with clear cytoplasm demarcated by delicate fibrovascular arcades. Tumor cells were positive for vimentin and negative for cytokeratin, S-100 protein, desmin, and myoglobin. Cellular proliferation rate measured by PCNA, and Ki-67 was not significantly different between primary tumor mass and metastatic brain lesion. Expression of p53 oncoprotein was not evident in both lesions. These findings suggested that the relapse and metastasis of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney was probably due to regrowth of micro-metastases which were present at an early stage of disease.
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PMID:Intracranial metastasis from clear cell sarcoma of the kidney--a case report. 936 10

We examined the incidence and association of bronchiolization of the alveoli with non-small cell lung cancer in lung resection specimens from 2 patient groups: those with non-small cell lung cancer and those diagnosed with a variety of non-neoplastic lung conditions. We observed marked variation in bronchiolization of the alveoli morphology ranging from normal to severely atypical and developed a classification scheme based on growth pattern, cell number and cytologic criteria. Patterns of differentiation, proliferation and growth factor receptor and oncogene expression were studied using immuno-histochemical and in situ hybridization techniques. While low-grade (0-I) bronchiolization of the alveoli lesions demonstrated markers similar to normal bronchiolar epithelium, a significant decrease in the Clara cell 10 kDa protein and tubulin and an increase in surfactant protein-A expression were observed in high-grade (II-III) lesions. Focal p53 expression was detected in 2 high-grade lesions, while c-myc mRNA and cJun protein were observed in all grades. No correlation was observed between bronchiolization of the alveoli incidence and histologic tumor type. A comparison of marker expression in lesions and tumors from the same case revealed a negative correlation between cytokeratin-14 and c-erbB-2 immuno-reactivity. Only one bronchialization of the alveoli lesion was found in the non-neoplastic patient group. We conclude that up to 12% of non-small cell lung cancer resection specimens contain bronchiolization of the alveoli lesions which exhibit altered morphology and patterns of differentiation.
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PMID:Bronchiolization of the alveoli in lung cancer: pathology, patterns of differentiation and oncogene expression. 946 46

We reported a case of sarcomatous transformation of pituitary adenoma occurring in a 21-year-old woman. She had previously undergone surgery for pituitary adenoma (prolactinoma) 5 years earlier. Since then, she had received only bromocriptine medication therapy. The operation was repeated because of a relapse of the tumors. Histologically, the tumors were composed of adenomatous epithelial nests and fibrosarcomatous spindle cell components intermingled with each other. lmmunohistochemically, adenomatous epithelial cells were stained positively with cytokeratin and prolactin. Fibrosarcomatous spindle cells were stained only with vimentin. The proliferation activity (Ki-67 expression) was much higher in the sarcomatous components than in common pituitary adenoma. p53 immunostaining was also positive in sarcomatous components. This was thought to be the first reported case of sarcomatous transformation of pituitary adenoma not associated with radiation therapy.
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PMID:Sarcomatous transformation of pituitary adenoma after bromocriptine therapy. 949 Feb 82

The aim of this study was to compare the immunophenotype of the human colon cancer cell line HT29 tumour deposits in the lung which occurred spontaneously after subcutaneous implantation with those which arose after intravenous injection into severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice. Irrespective of the route of implantation the colon cancer cells were readily observed in the lungs of the scid mice. Similar patterns of immunoreactivity for the proliferative markers (MiB-1, PCNA), and for the tumour suppressor gene (p53) were detected in both groups, and for carcinoembryonic antigen, with only minor quantitative differences in levels of marker expression. Whereas the marker CD44 variant 6 gave very little reaction after either route, cytokeratin expression varied amongst the different cytokeratins (CK 7, 18 or 20), and with the route of implantation. CA125 and E-cadherin were weakly expressed after intravenous injection, but generally not after subcutaneous implantation. Vimentin was not demonstrated in any of the specimens examined. In general, the expression of proliferative markers, and of oncogenes, appears to be independent of the implantation route, whilst expression of cell adhesion molecules can be dependent on the route of implantation.
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PMID:Immunophenotype of human HT29 colon cancer cell metastases in the lungs of scid mice: spontaneous versus artificial metastases. 956 Oct 26

A follow-up investigation of 25 cases of extraskeletal osteosarcomas diagnosed at the Center for Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, in the period from 1970-1995 was undertaken. The immunohistochemical profile of these tumors was evaluated using a panel of 10 antibodies, and the value of alkaline phosphatase staining in differential diagnostic situations also was considered. The study revealed that this tumor is high-grade malignant and affects adults (median age, 67 years; range, 35-82 years) at diagnosis. The thigh (52%) was the most common tumor location. Seven tumors were superficial, whereas the remaining 18 were intramuscular. Two patients with superficial tumors previously received radiation to the area. Local recurrences developed in 9 (36%) patients and distant metastases developed in the lungs in 15 (60%) patients as the most common site. Median survival time was 24 months, and the cause-specific survival rate at 5 years was less than 25%. Thirteen (52%) intramuscularly located extraskeletal osteosarcomas were of the fibroblastic subtype, often with sparse amounts of osteoid. They could be separated from malignant fibrous histiocytoma on the basis of a strongly positive alkaline phosphatase reaction. Immunohistochemistry did not reveal characteristic features because positivity for vimentin, occasional positivity for desmin, actin, S-100, epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, and p-53 may be observed in many other pleomorphic sarcomas. Various histopathologic factors, such as tumor size, tumor depth, histopathologic subtype, malignancy grade (IIIA versus IIIB), MIB-1, and p53 reactivity were analyzed in relation to clinical course. Only MIB proliferation was correlated to prognosis, with significantly longer survival in patients with tumors with MIB-1 values less than 24%. Our study has shown extraskeletal osteosarcoma to behave in a highly aggressive fashion. Alkaline phosphatase staining compared with immunohistochemistry proved to be superior in the differentiation from other pleomorphic sarcomas.
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PMID:Extraskeletal osteosarcomas: a clinicopathologic study of 25 cases. 959 29

We report the histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings of an exophytic cutaneous tumor composed of a mixture of typical basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Nine previously reported carcinosarcomas of the skin are reviewed. We prefer the term "sarcomatoid carcinoma" for this rare neoplasm. Only the BCC showed a positive immunoreaction to cytokeratin; the sarcomatous component was negative, but it did express vimentin, and, focally, smooth-muscle-specific actin and KP1 (CD68). Both components showed p53 immunostaining.
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PMID:Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the skin: report of a case. 964 Aug 85


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