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Query: UNIPROT:P04637 (p53)
 77,613 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Teleocidin, a tumor promoter, inhibited the proliferation, enhanced cytokeratin assembly and increased the type III procollagen production of PLC/PRF/5 hepatoma cells. Teleocidin transiently increased the levels of c-fos and p53 mRNAs measured by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. This was followed by a reduction of c-myc mRNA and an increase of cytokeratin mRNA. The level of p120 mRNA was not remarkably altered. Sequential alterations of the expression of c-fos, p53, c-myc and cytokeratin genes induced by teleocidin may be responsible for the morphological and functional changes of hepatoma cells induced by this tumor promoter.
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PMID:Co-ordinate expression of c-fos, p53 and cytokeratin genes during the alteration of growth of human hepatoma cells. mRNA levels measured by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. 138 34

The effect of retinoid-induced suppression of in vitro invasive ability of A549 human lung carcinoma cells on p53 gene expression and cytokeratin (CK) 18 level was investigated. Induction of suppression of cell invasion was accompanied by an increase in amounts of p53 mRNA and protein and a decrease in CK18. Moreover, the p53 mRNA and protein levels increased coordinately with time in relationship to the degree of invasion-suppression. The results indicate that p53 expression is involved in alteration of the lung cell metastatic phenotype, and that p53 is an important marker for this process.
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PMID:Modulation of p53 gene expression and cytokeratin 18 in retinoid-mediated invasion suppressed lung carcinoma cells. 170 Jun 64

Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver is a primitive mesenchymal neoplasm with predilection for individuals in the first 2 decades of life. In this study (10 boys, 6 girls), children in the age range of 6-10 years were most commonly affected (63%). Clinical features most frequently noted on presentation were abdominal pain or a palpable mass. In two cases there was cardiac involvement caused by invasion of the inferior vena cava with extension into the right atrium and ventricle; both children died of progressive dyspnea from tumor embolization to the lungs. One patient was a member of a kindred with the cancer family syndrome (Li-Fraumeni syndrome). There were 13 tumor-related deaths (86% mortality); on child was alive with recurrent tumor in the upper abdomen. Complete surgical resection was attempted in 10 of 15 children who underwent exploratory laparotomy; 2 were alive and well 1 and 5 years later, whereas 1 patient had a recurrence in the upper abdomen 3 years after diagnosis. Ultrastructural study (five cases) and immunohistochemistry (11 cases) supported a mesenchymal origin for the tumor, but failed to identify any diagnostic immunophenotype or specific line of differentiation. Coexpression of vimentin and cytokeratin was seen in three cases. Prompt detection of this aggressive tumor with complete surgical resection is the key to a successful outcome, but this is very difficult to achieve. Recent experience suggests that aggressive adjuvant chemotherapy may improve survival in some cases.
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PMID:Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver. Clinical and pathologic study of 16 cases with emphasis on immunohistochemical features. 170 67

A spontaneously immortalized clonal granulosa cell line (SIGC) derived from primary rat ovarian granulosa cell cultures was developed as a model system to explore the process of transformation using an epithelial cell type. SIGC has an epithelial morphology and grows in culture without undergoing luteinization. The cell line is thought to represent an intermediate step in carcinogenesis because it seems to grow indefinitely in culture but does not form clones in soft agar or tumors in nude mice. Indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis verified the constitutive expression of the recessive oncogene product p53 in the cell line, thereby suggesting a possible mechanism of immortalization. Ultrastructural studies indicated that SIGC cells are characterized by an undifferentiated phenotype with prominent intermediate filaments, desmosomes, and gap junctions. The identification of cytokeratin by indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis suggests that SIGC functions as an epithelial cell type. Functional studies of cell-cell communication by a dye transfer technique (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) showed reduced communication compared to normal primary granulosa cells in culture. SIGC cells were transfected with early region genes of SV40 virus in an attempt to generate fully transformed cell lines. The resulting cell line SV-SIGC expressed T-antigen, was anchorage independent, formed tumors in nude mice, and had reduced intercellular communication as compared to SIGC cells. Explants from the tumors in nude mice were used to generate another cell line (T-SV-SIGC), which exhibited further reduction in both the incidence and the rate of communication. These results clearly demonstrated a progressive loss of functional communication during multistep transformation of an ovarian cell type. These data demonstrate that this assay system based on an epithelioid cell type can be used to study the relationship between intercellular communication and the multistep process of carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Rat ovarian granulosa cell culture: a model system for the study of cell-cell communication during multistep transformation. 184 58

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) has become an exciting new instrument with rapidly expanding potential for application to the morphological examination. As an initial step of examining the possible values or potentials of CLSM observations in diagnostic pathology materials, we applied CLSM to the analysis of immunolocalization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p53 and cytokeratin, and eosin and DNA fluorochrome propidium (PI) stain in cell smears obtained from 20 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Superior contrasts and resolution were obtained in confocal images than in nonconfocal ones in immunocytochemistry, eosin, and PI stain. In immunocytochemistry, CLSM demonstrated subcellular localization of antigens examined, cytokeratin as coarse and fine intracytoplasmic fibers, PCNA as diffuse intranuclear localization, and p53 as heterogeneous intranuclear localization which appeared to be associated with chromatin structure. Optical sectioning of a specimen by the rejection of out-of-focus noise revealed three dimensional structure of cell clusters of squamous cell carcinoma. With eosin and PI as dyes for stain, three dimensional structures of any clusters on cell smears can be obtained. CLSM has vast potentials in the analysis of diagnostic cytology materials, including immunocytochemistry.
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PMID:Confocal laser scanning microscopy in cytopathology. 750 62

Breast carcinoma arose in or in conjunction with microglandular adenosis (MGA) in 14 of 60 (23%) patients with MGA listed in the authors' files. This article describes the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features and prognosis of these carcinomas. The median patient age was 47 years (range, 26-68 years). All patients had a mass. Six (43%) had a family history of breast carcinoma. Lymph node metastases were found in 3 of 11 axillary dissections. Ten patients treated by mastectomy were recurrence-free, with a median follow-up of 57 months (range, 3-108 months). Two of three patients treated by excisional surgery were recurrence-free 12 and 105 months later. The third woman had bone metastases at 51 months and was alive 98 months after treatment. Carcinoma arose in the MGA in 13 patients. In these patients, in situ carcinoma was found in expanded MGA glands composed of cells with vesicular poorly differentiated nuclei. One patient with benign MGA had carcinoma develop in the opposite breast that was not associated with MGA. When it arose in MGA, basement membranes were present in benign MGA and in situ carcinoma but tended to be disrupted in invasive foci that appeared to be formed by coalescent MGA glands. Strong immunoreactivity for cytokeratin, S-100, and cathepsin D was detected in carcinomas. Two carcinomas had nuclear progesterone receptors, and one of these had estrogen receptors. One carcinoma had positive findings for HER-2neu, and four had immunoreactivity for p53 protein. The following conclusions were drawn from these observations: (1) carcinomas arising in MGA have a distinctive histopathologic pattern; (2) the carcinomas are composed of epithelial cells (cytokeratin positive, actin negative) that are strongly immunoreactive for S-100 protein and cathepsin D; and (3) with a median follow-up of nearly 5 years, patients with these carcinomas had a relatively favorable prognosis, despite histopathologic and immunohistochemical features usually associated with a poor prognosis.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the breast arising in microglandular adenosis. 750 94

Four new permanent cell lines (RCC-A, -B, -C, and -D) derived from different human renal cell carcinomas of the clear cell type were established in tissue culture. The cell lines displayed characteristic differences in cell size and shape, which allowed individual identification by phase contrast microscopy. Ultrastructurally, the cell lines exhibited varying amounts of cytoplasmatic glycogen and lipid. Immunohistochemistry revealed co-expression of vimentin and cytokeratin in all cell lines. The mean population doubling time ranged from 27 h (RCC-A) to 104 h (RCC-D). RCC-B and -C cells produced slowly growing tumours after heterotransplantation into nude mice, whereas RCC-A and RCC-D cells were non-tumorigenic. The modal chromosome number was either near-diploid (RCC-A, -B, and -C) or near triploid (RCC-D). Clonal abnormalities affecting the short arm of chromosome 3 were seen in all cell lines. Northern blot analysis revealed no expression of the proto-oncogenes c-fos, c-ros, and c-mos, whereas c-Ki-ras expression was observed in all cell lines. Expression of c-myc was observed in RCC-A, RCC-B, and RCC-D cells, whereas c-raf expression could be detected in RCC-B and RCC-D. Tumour suppressor gene p53 mRNA was observed in the cell line RCC-D.
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PMID:Cytomorphological, cytogenetic, and molecular biological characterization of four new human renal carcinoma cell lines of the clear cell type. 751 57

This report describes the development and characterization of an epithelial cell line (BPH-1) from human prostate tissue obtained by transurethral resection. Primary epithelial cell cultures were immortalized with SV40 large T antigen. One of the isolated clones was designated BPH-1. These cells have a cobblestone appearance in monolayer culture and are non-tumorigenic in nude mice following subcutaneous injection or subrenal capsule grafting. They express the SV40 large T antigen and exhibit increased levels of p53, as determined by immunocytochemistry. Cytogenetic analysis by G-banding demonstrated an aneuploid karyotype with a modal chromosome number of 76 (range 71 to 79, n = 28) and 6 to 8 marker chromosomes. Some structurally rearranged chromosomes were observed, but the Y chromosome was normal. The expressed cytokeratin profile was consistent with a prostatic luminal epithelial cell. This profile was the same as that of primary prostatic epithelial cultures from which the BPH-1 cells were derived. In serum-free culture in plastic dishes epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 1 (aFGF), and FGF 7 (KGF) induced increased proliferation in these cells whereas FGF 2 (bFGF), TGF-beta 1, and TGF-beta 2 inhibited proliferative activity. Testosterone had no direct effect on the proliferative rate of BPH-1 cells. 5 alpha-Reductase, 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase, and 17 beta-hydroxy-steroid oxidoreductase activities were detected in BPH-1 cells. Expression of androgen receptors and the secretory markers, prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase, were not detectable by immunocytochemistry, biochemical assay, or RT-PCR analysis.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of an immortalized but non-transformed human prostate epithelial cell line: BPH-1. 753 34

To assess the histological grade in benign and malignant cartilage tumors of bone by more objective methods, we examined the differentiation and proliferative activity of tumor cells in six enchondromas, five chondroblastomas, and 13 chondrosarcomas immunohistochemically. A variable number of cells in all tumors showed S-100 protein and vimentin immunoreactivity. In fully differentiated cartilage of enchondromas and low grade chondrosarcomas, tenascin, which is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, was present in small amounts or absent but was increased at the periphery of tumor lobules and even in the matrix throughout the high grade chondrosarcomas. Higher rate and intensity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) reactivity were found in chondrosarcomas, especially in spindle-shaped cells of high grade tumors, than in enchondromas. The distribution of PCNA-positive cells almost corresponded to the regions with tenascin reactivity. One tumor of high grade chondrosarcoma showed p53 protein immunoreactivity. Aberrant expression of cytokeratin was observed in four chondroblastomas. The expression of desmin was identified in relatively large proportions of enchondromas and chondrosarcomas, regardless of their benign or malignant nature and histological grade. Smooth muscle or muscle-specific actins also were present in a smaller number of tumors. Based on these findings, it is concluded that unusual staining characteristics were present, in addition to those of a chondroblastic nature, in the cartilage tumors of bone. Tenascin and PCNA positivity of various degrees in all chondroblastomas may suggest that they are chondrogenic tumors having a relatively high proliferative activity, albeit their benign clinical course. Proliferative activity of tumor cells in enchondromas and chondrosarcomas correlated well with their histological grade. Tenascin may play a role in promoting tumor cell proliferation of cartilagenous neoplasms and, on the other hand, the alterations of extracellular matrix involving tenascin synthesis seem to be a result of tumor development.
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PMID:Differentiation and proliferative activity in benign and malignant cartilage tumors of bone. 754 39

The aim of this study was to quantify p53 expression by flow cytometry. A panel of three monoclonal antibodies: NCL-p53-240, NCL-p53-1801 and NCL-p53-DO7, was tested on breast cell lines and primary breast cancers. The relationships between ploidy, tumour grade and p53 expression for each antibody, were examined. Methodology was assessed using a variety of breast cell lines. Staining patterns were confirmed and the quantification technique qualified. Cytokeratin-positive cells from 58 samples obtained from patients with breast cancer were assayed for DNA content and p53 expression. p53 quantification was performed using calibrated fluorescent beads on cytokeratin-positive cells. Bloom and Richardson grading revealed 20 grade I and 38 grade II/III breast cancers. Examination of fluorescence thresholds showed a positive correlation between grade and DO7 (P = 0.003) at a level of 8900 molecules, 240 (P = 0.005) at a level of 2900 molecules and 1801 (P = 0.005) at a level of 1850 molecules. These levels equated with 34% (DO7), 43% (240) and 43% (1801) of the samples being classified as p53-positive. Examination of ploidy revealed 23 diploid and 35 aneuploid breast cancers. Application of p53 threshold levels on diploid and aneuploid tumours showed correlation between aneuploidy and p53 expression for DO7 at a level of 9000 molecules, 240 at a level of 1900 molecules and 1801 at a level of 1800 molecules. These levels equated with 34% (DO7), 52% (240) and 52% (1801) of the samples being classified as p53-positive. We conclude that measurement of p53 by flow cytometry may be of clinical importance by indicating levels of positivity using fluorescence thresholds. p53 expression has been shown to correlate with both grade and ploidy. Flow-cytometric measurement of p53 may be a useful prognostic assay.
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PMID:p53 expression measured by flow cytometry. A comparison of three monoclonal antibodies and the relationship with grade and DNA ploidy in breast cancer. 755 82


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