Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04637 (p53)
 77,613 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An immunohistochemical study of 155 squamous cell carcinomas of the oesophagus, squamous epithelium adjacent to the tumour (n = 80), dysplastic epithelium (n = 16) and controls (n = 23) indicates that Ki67 and p53 expression is frequently present in premalignant oesophageal lesions and their related squamous cell carcinomas. Positive expression of both antibodies in apparently normal epithelium can signify early steps of malignant transformation of oesophageal epithelium and can serve in the detection of early precancerous lesions. The expression of growth factors EGF and TGF-alpha was higher in carcinomas and dysplastic lesions than in apparently normal squamous epithelium. EGF expression was unevenly distributed according to histological grade, indicating a lack of EGF immunoreactivity in poorly differentiated oesophageal carcinomas.
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PMID:p53 gene mutants expression, cellular proliferation and differentiation in oesophageal carcinoma and non-cancerous epithelium. 816 40

The importance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) as an immunohistochemical factor of prognosis has been investigated in 820 cases of breast carcinoma irrespective of subtyping. An immunohistochemical membrane positivity for EGF-R (Ab1, clone 455 and Ab2, clone 528, Oncogene Science Manhasset NY, USA, ABC-peroxidase method) has been observed in neoplastic cells of 131/820 breast carcinomas (15.9%); the percentage is lower than those of the majority of reported series, but the total number of cases is higher. A significant inverse relationship between EGF-R and estrogen/progesterone receptors has been found (ER-ICA, PgR-ICA, Abbott, PAP-method). Highly proliferating Ki67 positive (> = 20% stained nuclei-Dakopatts Denmark) and oncoprotein p53 (Pab 1801 clone, Oncogene Science) positive carcinomas are more frequently EGF-R positive (p < 0.001). No relationship exists between EGF-R expression, c-erbB-2 (3B5 clone, Oncogene Science) expression, tumor size and lymph node status. The detection of EGF-R may be a useful addition to other immunohistochemical prognosticators, but it must be related with clinical outcome in further studies.
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PMID:Relationships between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and other predictors of prognosis in breast carcinomas. An immunohistochemical study. 817 Jul 12

Many of the genetic alterations related to carcinogenesis and progression such as gene amplification, deletion, mutation and overexpression can be analyzed on paraffin-embedded clinical materials. Genetic abnormalities of tumor suppressor gene such as p53 and APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) are good markers for differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers. Gene amplification and overexpression of oncogenes and growth factors/receptors such as c-met, K-sam, c-erbB2, EGF and EGF receptor are biological marker of biological malignancy. Molecular diagnosis has been done in Hiroshima Medical Association Laboratory to make an objective diagnosis for border line lesions and to obtain information on the biological behavior of gastrointestinal cancers based on genetic alterations. Molecular analysis is a powerful tool to complement histological diagnosis of gastrointestinal lesions.
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PMID:[Molecular diagnosis on gastrointestinal cancers]. 817 44

Immunohistochemical staining using three monoclonal antibodies to p53 revealed that most normal human breast epithelial cells (HBEC) in the exponential growth phase, have p53 located in the nucleus but that some cells have the protein in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic staining of p53 with the monoclonal antibody PAb240 was inhibited by the specific oligopeptide, NTFRHSVVVP, that corresponds to the amino acids between 210 and 219 in p53 and which includes the epitope domain for PAb240. It was not inhibited by the control oligopeptide SPFVTVHNVR. Growth arrest of HBEC achieved by EGF depletion resulted in predominant nuclear location of p53 and stimulation of arrested cells with EGF induced transient nuclear exclusion of the protein when the induced DNA synthesis level was maximal. These observations suggest that p53 in normal HBEC becomes inactivated by nuclear exclusion during cellular DNA synthesis.
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PMID:DNA synthesis-associated nuclear exclusion of p53 in normal human breast epithelial cells in culture. 830 77

Precancerous lesions of the bronchial epithelium are dysplasias and in situ carcinomas. Squamous metaplasia has not yet been considered as a true malignant state. Epithelial cells, which are able to proliferate (non terminally differentiated) in bronchial tree and alveoli, are the candidates for malignant proliferation (basal cells, mucus cells, Clara cells and type II pneumonocytes). Their initial growth is probably promoted by deregulated autocrine growth factors (EGF, GRP, IGF1), or their receptors (EGF-R). Under continuous carcinogens exposition these proliferating cells accumulate multiple genetic abnormalities affecting dominant oncogenes such as myc and ras, and recessive tumor suppressor genes such as Rb and p53. Neither the order of intervention of these genetic factors nor their correlation with premalignant states have been demonstrated.
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PMID:[Mechanisms of lung oncogenesis]. 834 98

In order to assess the specificity of biotinylated anti-c-erbB-3 antibody, screening was performed on a series of tumour cell lines and lymphocytes. Staining was found to be consistent, with good reproducibility. Twenty-nine consecutive breast cancer samples were obtained from women treated with tamoxifen and undergoing elective mastectomy. Twenty-eight invasive ductal carcinomas and 1 DCIS were stained for c-erbB-3 expression: 2 were grade I (Bloom and Richardson), 15 grade II, and 11 grade III tumours, 1 being unclassified; 16 were axillary node positive and 10 node negative; in 2 cases no nodes were sampled. Tumours examined by flow cytometry were stained with cytokeratin FITC antibody and the cytokeratin-positive population gated. Using Mann-Whitney analysis no association was seen between c-erbB-3 expression and Bloom and Richardson grade or axillary node status. In the tumour samples c-erbB-3 expression was found to show as association with EGF-R (P = 0.021 r2 = 0.16), PgR (P = 0.02, r2 = 0.16), c-myc (P < 0.0001, r2 = 0.5), c-jun (P = 0.001, r2 = 0.4) and c-fos (P = 0.001, r2 = 0.5) but not with c-erbB-2 (P = 0.2, r2 = 0.06), ER (P = 0.4, r2 = 0.02) or p53 1801 (P = 0.05, r2 = 0.2). Expression of c-erbB-3 may not be an independent marker of prognosis, but it is associated with other markers of poor prognosis and early cellular events linked with aberrant growth and differentiation.
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PMID:A flow cytometric study of c-erbB-3 expression in breast cancer. 853 73

In 216 breast cancer patients, the prognostic value of current biological factors (c-erbB-2, EGF-receptor, p53, PCNA-proliferative fraction) was compared with that of conventionally histomorphologic features (histologic type, histologic grade, tumour size, hormonal receptor status). After a 66(6 - 109) months' median follow-up survival was significantly correlated with histological grade (p = 0.014) and PCNA-proliferative activity (p = 0.015). The prognostic influence of oestrogen receptor (ER)- and progesteron receptor (PR-)status achieved borderline significance (ER/p = 0.07; PR/p = 0.05). Neither c-erbB-2, EGF-R, p53 nor any of the other factors showed any correlation to survival. In the multivariate analysis, histological grade was revealed as the only independent prognostic factor. The prognostic value of PCNA was second to histological grade and if grade was excluded from the analysis, PCNA-expression became the only independent factor. Thus, in individual cases the PCNA-proliferative fraction could help the clinician to decide on the therapy.
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PMID:[C-erbB-2, EGF receptor, p53 and PCNA. The prognostic significance of recent tumor markers for lymph node negative breast cancer]. 854 29

Choosing the surgical technique for the cervix carcinoma--vaginal or abdominal--it is particularly necessary to take into account the lymphatic spread of the cervix. As it is not possible to realize a lymphadenectomy in a vaginal procedure, it has to be found a preoperative diagnostic method which enables very surely the exclusion of lymph node involvement. In summary of the facts stated up to now, one can conclude as follows: 1. The FIGO-classification is too subjective. 2. There is a significant correlation between tumor volume and lymph node involvement. 3. The tumor markers--as e.g. PCNA, p53, c-neu, EGF, beta 1 Integrin etc.--show no correlation with the lymph node involvement. 4. Only MRI allows an exact preoperative measurement of the tumor volume. 5. On account of the above mentioned results, it seems to be possible to extend the indication for the vaginal radical surgery on cases with a small tumor volume.
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PMID:The vaginal radical operation of cervical cancer. 855 79

In this review, we present examples of the contribution of transgenic mice to our knowledge concerning the type of cells that are able to repopulate a damaged liver and information on the factors and mechanisms involved in postnatal liver growth and regeneration. The transgenic technology offers the opportunity to evaluate the physiological consequences of perturbating expression of a given gene in vivo. It has provided insights into the concerted action of extracellular (HGF/SF, TGF-alpha, EGF, TGF-beta) and intracellular factors (c-myc, c-fos, c-jun, p53, c-met, and others) in liver regeneration. Transgenic mice can also contribute to the dissection of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the regulated expression of these factors, both at the transcriptional and the posttranscriptional level. An illustration of such a strategy is given by the study of the sequences involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of the c-myc proto-oncogene. The recent improvement of gene targeting, in which endogenous genes are inactivated by homologous recombination, represents a further step toward the study of the function of a particular gene. Inactivation of most of the factors described in this review has been undertaken. However, further studies of their role in liver growth control are impeded by the fact that the corresponding knockout mice die prematurely. This problem could be overcome by the advent of new techniques, which will be briefly presented, aimed at turning genes on and off at will and in a tissue-specific manner.
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PMID:Liver regeneration 7. Prometheus' myth revisited: transgenic mice as a powerful tool to study liver regeneration. 866 58

The usefulness of prognostic factors in gynecological cancer was evaluated using the oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and DNA viruses detected with the molecular biological technique. In uterine cervical cancer, HPV types 16 and 18 are considered to have a high oncogenic risk, and are commonly associated with high grade CIN and invasive cancer under persistent HPV infection. C-myc overexpression in advanced stage and p53 mutation in HPV negative case are associated with poor survival. In endometrial cancer, oncogene activation and expression are less frequent than in cervical and ovarian cancer. K-ras point mutation (codon 12) tumors are more aggressive and c-erbB-2 overexpression are associated with metastasis and poor survival. In ovarian cancer, there are numerous abnormalities of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Especially, EGF-R and PDGF-R alpha expression are associated with decreased survival. p53 mutation also decreases survival and response to chemotherapy. Recently. MSH2 (Lynch II syndrome) and BRCA1 gene are known to relate with familial ovarian cancer.
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PMID:[Evaluation of prognostic factors in gynecological cancer examined by molecular biological study]. 868 14


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