Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04637 (p53)
 77,613 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We compared the histological and immunohistochemical features of mixed ductal-endocrine carcinomas of the pancreas with those of ductal adenocarcinomas (DACs) containing scattered tumor-associated endocrine cells (SECs). Three pancreatic neoplasms fulfilled the WHO criteria for mixed ductal-endocrine carcinomas. Two of them showed moderately to poorly differentiated glandular structures composed of both mucin producing and neuroendocrine cells. The third mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma was of the composite type showing DAC structures and a solid component with small epithelial cells, most of them of neuroendocrine nature. In 32 of 34 cases of DAC located in the head (30 cases) and body to tail (4 cases) of the pancreas and showing lymph-node metastases, SECs were found, but they were few in number and irregularly distributed in the tumors. In three DACs a few SECs were also detected in lymph-node metastases. Double staining for chromogranin A and the proliferation marker Ki-S5 revealed that all SECs that were not intimately integrated into the neoplastic glandular epithelium failed to show proliferative activity and changes of the expression of tumor suppressor genes (p53 and DPC 4). These findings suggest that only those SECs that belong to the proliferative cell fraction may be of neoplastic origin, while the majority of SECs probably constitute a tumor-associated but non-neoplastic cell population. These features contrast with those of mixed ductal-endocrine carcinomas, in which all endocrine cells are a component of the neoplasm.
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PMID:Mixed ductal-endocrine carcinomas of the pancreas and ductal adenocarcinomas with scattered endocrine cells: characterization of the endocrine cells. 1264 16

A small cell carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct in a 75-year-old Japanese man is reported. The patient suffered from obstructive jaundice, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography-drainage (PTCD) revealed a massive lesion in the lower common bile duct. Because it was diagnosed as a malignant tumor, pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. A nodular infiltrating tumor measuring 4.5 x 3.0 x 2.0 cm was located in the intrapancreatic portion of the extrahepatic bile duct. Histologically, the tumor was composed of a dense proliferation of small atypical cells with a little region of high-grade dysplasia in the adjacent epithelium of the common bile duct. Tumor cells were immunoreactive to neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, and Leu7. Although carcinoma cells invaded into pancreas and duodenum, there were no histological findings that indicated the carcinoma arose from the mucosa of either the pancreatic duct or duodenum. These results indicated that the tumor was a small cell carcinoma derived from the epithelium of the extrahepatic bile duct; a rare neoplasm with only a few cases reported. A few neuroendocrine cells were recognized in the adjacent epithelium of the extrahepatic bile duct, suggesting that the tumor cells might be derived from them. Using immunohistochemical examination, no p53 abnormality was found. Tumor cells showed positive nuclear staining for p16, while negative for cyclin D1, suggesting that functional retinoblastoma protein (pRB) might be lost in the p16/pRB pathway, as in small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Small cell carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct: case report and immunohistochemical analysis. 1462 56

Mammary small cell carcinoma (SmCC) is a very rare neoplasm with a poor prognosis compared with other invasive carcinomas. We studied the histological and immunohistochemical profiles of two cases of mammary SmCC, and compared them with those of five cases of carcinoma with endocrine features (CEF) and five cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), to elucidate the correct diagnosis of mammary SmCC. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with antibodies against cytokeratins (CKAE1/AE3, CK34betaE12, CKCAM5.2, CK7, CK8, CK19, CK20), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), vimentin, CD10, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM; CD56), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A, S-100 protein, carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), E-cadherin, N-cadherin, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), p53, estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), HER2/neu, bcl-2, synaptophysin, calcitonin and Leu7. SmCCs were diffusely and strongly positive for NCAM in comparison with CEFs and IDCs. SmCCs were negative for vimentin, whereas CEFs and IDCs were positive. Neuro-endocrine carcinomas, including SmCCs and CEFs, were diffusely and strongly positive for NSE, compared with IDCs. Moreover, neuroendocrine carcinomas were negative for CK34betaE12, CK20 and CD10, whereas IDCs were positive. Our study suggests that NCAM and vimentin are useful markers for the diagnosis of mammary SmCC. CK34betaE12, NSE, CD10, CK20 and chromogranin A appear to be useful for differentiating neuroendocrine carcinoma from IDCs.
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PMID:Comparative study of primary mammary small cell carcinoma, carcinoma with endocrine features and invasive ductal carcinoma. 1501 Aug 80

Studies on neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in conventional gastric adenocarcinomas and its significance on tumor behavior are limited. Our aim was to search for the expression of neuroendocrine differentiation in conventional gastric adenocarcinomas and correlate it with tumor type, stage and expression of VEGF and p53. Forty-two gastrectomy specimens with gastric adenocarcinoma were stained with chromogranin A to detect neuroendocrine differentiation and 45% of the cases were found to be NED (+). No significant correlation was found between NED and tumor type. However, NED was more frequent in advanced stage cases independently of tumor type. VEGF expression was also considerably more frequent in NED (+) tumors compared to NED (-) ones (84% vs. 56%). Moreover, we found a significant correlation between NED and the presence of lymph node metastases. P53 expression in NED (+) tumors was 68%. There was no significant correlation between VEGF and p53 in NED (+) cases. In conclusion, neuroendocrine differentiation is a frequent finding in conventional gastric adenocarcinomas, and although it does not seem to play a specific role in tumor progression, it seems that neuroendocrine cells are one of the factors contributing to angiogenesis by expressing VEGF, especially in advanced stage cases, affecting the incidence of lymph node metastases. Further studies with larger series should be performed to confirm this observation.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine differentiation in gastric adenocarcinomas; correlation with tumor stage and expression of VEGF and p53. 1502 62

Endocrine tumours of gut and pancreas tract are rare entities originating from cells of the diffuse endocrine system. The endocrine phenotype is assessed by the expression of general and specific endocrine markers. General endocrine markers associate to organelles like large dense core vesicles (e.g. chromogranin A) and small synaptic-like vesicles (e.g. synaptophysin), or to the cytosol, like neuron specific enolase and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5). The specific markers correspond to the hormones produced by tumour cells. Two major categories of endocrine tumours are identified as (i) well-differentiated and (ii) poorly differentiated neoplasms. Well-differentiated tumours/carcinomas (also known as carcinoids) express all general markers of endocrine differentiation and various hormones. Poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas lack large dense core vesicles markers (chromogranin A), while widely express synaptophysin and cytosol endocrine markers. The clinical behaviour of endocrine tumours spans from benign to low-grade malignant for well-differentiated tumours/carcinomas to high grade malignant for poorly differentiated carcinomas. The Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 syndrome (MEN1) gene is involved in the genesis of a proportion of both well- and poorly differentiated sporadic tumours. p53 gene abnormality appears as restricted to poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas.
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PMID:The phenotype of gut endocrine tumours. 1507 8

A case of mucinous cystadenoma of the testis in a 55-year-old man is reported. The tumor was confined to the testis and was clearly separated from the epididymis. There was no connection between the tumor cyst and the rete testis. The lumen of the cyst was lined with a single-layer of columnar cells interspersed with goblet cells. There was neither stromal invasion nor metastasis to other organs and there were no ovarian or germ cell neoplastic elements in the tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that MUC2, MUC5AC, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9, CK7 and CK20 proteins were expressed on the tumor epithelial cells, whereas expression of MUC6, alpha-fetoprotein, CA125, human chorionic gonadotrophin, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, calretinin, chromogranin A, p53, cyclin D1 and bcl-2 proteins was absent. Ki-67 protein was weakly and sparsely expressed in the nuclei of epithelial cells. The mucinous cystadenoma in the present case, which was devoid of a connection to testicular appendices and had the immunohistochemical characteristics of gastrointestinal mucosa, might have originated from one-sided differentiation of teratoma cells.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical examination of mucinous cystadenoma of the testis. 1508 41

Prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma represents a rare histological variant of prostatic carcinoma with features of a papillary lesion at cystoscopy. There are conflicts regarding the existence, origin, staging, grading, treatment and clinical behavior of this tumor. The aim of the present study is to examine the expression of Bcl-2 and p53 in prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma and to evaluate its origin by analyzing prostate specific antigen, prostate specific acid phosphatase, cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen expressions. The results confirmed the expression of prostate specific antigen and prostate specific acid phosphatase in prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The demonstrated expression of Bcl-2 was predominant in the better-differentiated tumor. Bcl-2 expression appears not to be associated with neuroendocrine differentiation as assessed by chromogranin A reactivity. Thus, the first case of a prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma showing Bcl-2 expression is presented. The tumor was negative for p53.
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PMID:Prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma showing Bcl-2 expression. 1537 52

Small cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix are rare tumors with an aggressive behavior. Although these tumors can exhibit neuroendocrine differentiation, the criteria for neuroendocrine differentiation are subjective and not well defined. In this study, the authors tentatively defined small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) as a tumor composed of small cells with at least two of the following: argyrophilic cytoplasm, chromogranin A immunoreactivity, and synaptophysin immunoreactivity. We found 10 cases fulfilling these requirements. Five of the 10 tumors were composed mainly of small ("oat") cells and 5 of mainly larger "intermediate" cells. The majority of both subtypes showed an insular pattern. Three of the 10 SCNECs were pure, whereas the other seven were mixed with adenocarcinoma and/or squamous cell carcinoma or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. In addition to the definitional markers noted earlier, the tumors were immunoreactive for serotonin (6 cases), somatostatin, gastrin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide. No tumors were immunoreactive for cytokeratin 20. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-18 was detected in all of the pure tumors and both the SCNEC and adenocarcinomatous components in four of the mixed tumors. No other types of HPV were detected. The tumors showed a relatively low frequency of loss of heterozygosity for representative tumor suppressor gene sites; p53 mutations were found in only one case.
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PMID:Small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the uterine cervix: a histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study. 1538 6

We compared the clinicopathological features of acinar-cell carcinomas (ACCs) with those of mixed acinar-endocrine carcinomas (MAECs). Specimens from 37 patients with ACC and 6 patients with MAEC were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. The mean age of ACC and MAEC patients was similar (61.3 years versus 58.4 years), but the sex ratio differed (ACC, 29 males and 8 females; MAEC, 2 males and 4 females). The size of the tumor was large in both cases (ACC, 13.8 cm in diameter; MAEC, 8.2 cm). Immunohistochemically, more than half of the tumor cells in all tumors, whether ACC or MAEC, stained for trypsin. In 20 of the 37 ACCs (54%), scattered endocrine cells (SECs) were found, which stained positively for synaptophysin (SYN) and/or chromogranin A (CGA). Interestingly, there was also a difference in the sex ratio between ACC patients without SECs (16 males and 1 female) and ACC patients with SECs (13 males and 7 females). In MAECs, the cells staining for SYN were more common than those staining for CGA and made up more than one-third of the neoplastic-cell population. In all but one case (in which the endocrine component was arranged in islet-like cell clusters), the endocrine cells were intimately mixed with trypsin-positive tumor cells. The endocrine cells only rarely expressed one of the known pancreatic or gastrointestinal hormones. Both ACCs and MAECs had a high proliferation rate and lacked p53 overexpression or progesterone and estrogen receptors. This study revealed that ACCS and MAECs share most clinicopathological features and, therefore, may form a single tumor entity, though they differ in the number of endocrine cells. The frequent identification of endocrine cells in these tumors suggests the existence of a pluripotent cell of origin that is capable of differentiating into acinar and endocrine cells.
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PMID:Mixed acinar-endocrine carcinoma of the pancreas. A clinicopathological study and comparison with acinar-cell carcinoma. 1551 67

We report a rare case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with an unusual neuroendocrine component. During a follow-up study for chronic hepatitis C in a 71-year-old man, a nodular lesion showed rapid growth from 1 cm to 4 cm in diameter within 3 months. Histologically, the tumor was consistent with moderately differentiated HCC, but was intermingled with nests of small round cells with scarce cytoplasm, which resembled those found in small cell carcinoma. This population formed small solid nests among the trabecular structures. Immunohistochemically the small round cell component of the tumor was strongly positive for neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A and synaptophysin, but hepatocyte paraffin-1 (HP-1) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were negative. In contrast, HP-1 and AFP were positive, and NSE, chromogranin A and synaptophysin were negative in moderately differentiated HCC tissues. Electron microscopy revealed many intracytoplasmic neurosecretory granules in the small round cells. The labeling indexes of p53 and Ki-67 were significantly higher in the small round cell component than in the moderately differentiated HCC component. Overall, we conclude that this nodule was HCC with neuroendocrine differentiation.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma with an unusual neuroendocrine component. 1553 30


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