Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04637 (p53)
 77,613 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can develop from carcinoma in situ or severe dysplasia known as conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia and SCC are histopathologically well-defined conditions. However, it is difficult to determine the grading of dysplasia by clinical morphologic findings. Recently, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining, p53 immunostaining, and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) staining have been established as valuable means of studying the biologic behavior of malignant cells. In the present study, these three staining techniques were used to examine histologic preparations of three conjunctival dysplasia and one SCC lesion. Five conjunctival tumor samples were obtained from four patients between July 1993 and October 1995. Following formalin fixation and embedding in paraffin, PCNA, and p53 immunostaining and AgNORs staining was performed with all tissue specimens. The PCNA-positive rate was the highest in SCC, followed by severe dysplasia and mild dysplasia. The p53-positive rate was the highest in severe dysplasia, followed by mild dysplasia, and negative in SCC. The AgNORs-count increased as malignancy advanced. These staining methods, which are markers for proliferative potency and cell differentiation, will be useful for early detection of changes in malignancy and will aid in decisions on treatment and prognosis.
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PMID:Possible prognostic markers in conjunctival dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. 974 64

In recent years, infectious agents have been increasingly recognised as an important pathogenetic factor for various malignant tumours of the ocular adnexa. Many of these viruses and bacteria affect the cell cycle and physiological apoptosis. Ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL), especially extranodal marginal cell lymphoma, is associated with Chlamydophila psittaci and Helicobacter pylori in certain geographic regions. Epstein-Barr virus seems to play a role in the natural killer/T-cell lymphoma subtype of the orbit, as has long been described for Burkitt lymphoma. Bacteria seem to induce reactive lymphoid proliferation, while viruses directly infect the lymphoid cells, affecting the cell cycle and suppressing apoptosis, with subsequent malignant transformation. In general, proteins leading to cell cycle progression, like retinoblastoma protein, are elevated, and proteins inhibiting cell cycle progression, like p16 and p21, are absent or unable to function normally. Inactivation of p53 by mutation of its DNA, which leads to elevation of defective p53 protein and inhibition of apoptosis, allows oncogenic by-chance mutations to become effective. Conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is less strongly associated with HPV infection than is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Based on the localisation of CIN, ultraviolet B radiation seems to play a primary role, leading to p53 inactivation and subsequent inhibition of apoptosis. HIV positivity also seems to aid the development of CIN and conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, with an increasing number of cases during recent years. Kaposi sarcoma rarely occurs at the ocular adnexa in HIV-positive individuals and seems to be associated with Kaposi sarcoma-associated Herpes virus (KSHV) or HHV8. The KSHV-encoded latency associated nuclear antigen (LANA) protein binds to the negative regulator glycogen-synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), causing a cell cycle-dependent nuclear accumulation of GSK-3, which stabilises beta-catenin and increases its levels. The findings regarding these various infectious agents and cell cycle alterations might aid the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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PMID:[Infectious agents in ocular adnexal tumours]. 2053 64