Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04637 (p53)
 77,613 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A critical research frontier in head and neck oncology involves defining the use of induction chemotherapy regimens to allow organ preservation and to avoid functionally debilitating surgical resections. Completed clinical trials in laryngeal cancer indicate that such an approach is feasible, but progress thus far has been limited by our inability to predict which patients are likely to respond to chemotherapy and preserve their larynx. Mutation of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene is the most common genetic alteration identified thus far in human cancers, and it may be important in regulation of cell proliferation and chemosensitivity. To determine whether p53 overexpression predicts chemotherapy response, organ preservation, and survival in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer, we analyzed immunohistologic expression of p53 in tissue sections from 178 patients with advanced laryngeal cancer who were entered in the Department of Veterans Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Cooperative Study, a multiinstitutional clinical trial comparing induction chemotherapy (cis-platinum and 5-fluorouracil) plus radiation therapy (94 patients) to surgery plus postoperative radiation therapy (84 patients). Larynx preservation was significantly higher in the group of patients whose tumors overexpressed p53 (74% vs. 52.5%; p = 0.03). The presence of p53 overexpression did not predict survival in either the surgery or the chemotherapy groups (p = 0.82 and p = 0.53).
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PMID:Overexpression of p53 predicts organ preservation using induction chemotherapy and radiation in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer. Department of Veterans Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Study Group. 756 13

The clinicopathological significance of the simultaneous expression of the p34cdc2 protein kinase oncogene product and mutant-type p53 oncogene product was studied in 15 supraglottic squamous cell carcinomas. Clinical and histopathological data were recorded from the medical records, and immunohistochemical and DNA cytofluorometric analysis were performed. p34cdc2 was positive in 80% and mutant-type p53 in 53% of the tumors. Their simultaneous expression was seen in 33% of the tumors, but the probability was not statistically significant. Correlations between the expression of p34cdc2 or mutant-type p53 and T, N categories, histological differentiation, and DNA ploidy pattern were not significant. However, when the percentages of p34cdc2 and mutant-type p53-positive cells in the tumor were high, aneuploidy tended to be present and the clinical stage more advanced. It is suggested that the growth and progression of supraglottic carcinomas are associated with the disruption of the regulatory system of the cell cycle.
Auris Nasus Larynx 1996
PMID:Expression of p34cdc2 protein kinase and p53 in supraglottic carcinomas. 880 31

A 52-year female presented with an enlarged thyroid mass and lump sensation in the throat. The cytologic examination showed class five and she was admitted to the hospital to undergo operation. Total thyroidectomy was done and the tumoral invasion of the trachea was removed. We performed tracheoplasty using a sternocleidomastoid muscle-clavicle myoosseous flap in a single stage operation. Histologic diagnosis revealed anaplastic thyroid carcinoma After upper mediastinal dissection had been performed, systemic chemotherapy using pirarubicin, cisplatin and etoposide was administered. In addition, she was treated with radiochemotherapy using pirarubicin, cisplatin and a total of 58 Gy was administered. No recurrence of the tumor has been noted since the above operation 2 years ago. Immunohistochemical studies of primary and metastatic tissues in this case revealed a positive expression of p53 protein in both.
Auris Nasus Larynx 1999 Apr
PMID:A case of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma surviving disease free for over 2 years. 1021 4

The growth of neoplasia is determined by the proliferation and loss of cells. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of apoptosis in laryngeal carcinomas and to examine its relationship to the pathological parameters, including ki-67 expression, and to expression of p53, bcl-2, and bax protein. The materials are 67 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 22 cases of squamous dysplasia using biopsy and surgery specimens. Apoptotic cells were determined by the modified TUNEL method. Expressions of p53, bcl-2, and bax, i.e. apoptosis-related genes, and ki-67, a proliferation marker, were immunohistochemically examined. The relationships between apoptosis and the clinicopathological findings were studied. The stage of the carcinoma was not related to the apoptotic index. The expression of p53 was frequently detectable in the advanced carcinomas with T3, T4 and N-positive. The apoptotic index was not significantly related to recurrence, metastasis or histological differentiation. Apoptosis occurred frequently in the cornified areas of well differentiated SCCs. The expressions of ki-67 observed in the poorly differentiated SCCs was significantly higher than that observed in the well differentiated SCCs (P< 0.01). The apoptotic index increased after irradiation in the carcinoma. No relationship was found between apoptotic index, ki-67 index, and expression of p53, bcl-2 and bax. The apoptotic index obtained form the SCCs was significantly higher than that obtained form squamous dysplasias (P < 0.05). Various apoptosis-related findings including p53 expression were observed in the advanced type of laryngeal SCCs, and apoptosis of the carcinoma was suggested to be controlled by complicated factors including bcl-2.
Auris Nasus Larynx 1999 Jul
PMID:Histopathological analysis of apoptosis, and expression of p53, bcl-2, bax, and Ki-67 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas and dysplasia. 1041 41

A 56-year-old man who had worked at a chromate factory for 13 years developed squamous cell carcinoma of the left nasal cavity 11 years after retirement. He received intra-arterial chemotherapy, followed by surgery. Two years later, an adenocarcinoma was identified in the same nasal cavity just above the previous surgical region. He underwent medial maxillectomy in combination with postoperative irradiation. He has been disease free for 5 years after the second surgery. Microsatellite markers were examined in the second tumor specimen as a possible factor for carcinogenesis; however, replication errors were not observed in any of four loci (D2S123, D3S1067, TP53, D18S474) tested. The present case seems to have resulted from long-term exposure to chromium and, to our knowledge, is the first reported case with multiple primary cancers in the nasal cavity associated with chromium exposure.
Auris Nasus Larynx 2003 Feb
PMID:Association of chromium exposure with multiple primary cancers in the nasal cavity. 1258 59

In squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), tumor cells have been shown to secrete detectable amounts of various cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. These tumor-derived factors might be responsible for promoting malignancy. Here, we describe a SCCHN patient with tumor produced G-CSF and characterized by marked leukocytosis. In this 45-year-old man, severe leukocytosis developed in parallel with aggressive tumor growth. G-CSF production by the tumor was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Serum G-CSF levels were elevated. The leukocyte counts and the blood G-CSF level decreased following a course of radiotherapy. Tumor cells were also positive for G-CSF receptor, suggesting autocrine growth regulation by G-CSF. Moreover, the tumor cells were also investigated by IHC with anti-p53, anti-P-glycoprotein (P-gp), anti-thymidylate synthase (TS), and anti-dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which molecules are thought to contribute the acquisition of therapeutic resistance. The tumor cells were positively stained for TS and DPD, but neither p53 nor P-gp. These results suggest that a variety of molecules may be responsible for acquisition of high malignancy.
Auris Nasus Larynx 2007 Jun
PMID:A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck producing granulocyte-colony stimulating factor with marked leukocytosis. 1709 53

Neuroendocrine tumours are the second most common laryngeal neoplasms, following squamous carcinoma. In this paper, we report the case of a moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma NEC (atypical carcinoid) of the larynx in a heavy smoker 67-year-old woman, with a history of hoarseness, dysphagia and dyspnea. The lesion was biopsied and microscopic examination revealed moderately differentiated NEC; thus the patient underwent supraglottic laryngectomy with lymphadenectomy. Here, we emphasized the morphological criteria for a correct pathological diagnosis. Moreover, because it has been demonstrated that many neuroendocrine neoplasms and malignant lesions of the larynx can be related to human papilloma virus (HPV), for the first time, we probed to verify if laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinoma could be due to an HPV infection by using polymerase chain reaction amplification (PCR) of tumoural DNA. On immunohistochemical analysis, the lesion characteristically revealed both neuroendocrine and epithelial differentiation with diffuse staining for chromogranin A, synaptophysin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and overexpression of p53 protein. PCR of NEC DNA did not show any signal for HPV DNA. Thus, this neoplasm is not due to an HPV infection, but a mutation of p53 gene which could cause immunohistochemical overexpression of p53 protein.
Auris Nasus Larynx 2009 Apr
PMID:Primary moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (atypical carcinoid) of the larynx: A case report with immunohistochemical and molecular study. 1861 41

Intracellular mucin-producing adenocarcinomas, so called signet ring cell adenocarcinomas (SRCAs), are most commonly found in the stomach or lower GI-tract. They occur far less frequently at other locations such as prostate, pancreas, mammarian gland or within the oropharyngeal cavity. We present the case of a patient who suffered from indolent cervical nodular tumour. Biopsy and histopathological workup showed parts of a poorly differentiated SRCA with p53 overexpression and mutations. Immunostaining gave no further hints for the origin of the malignancy. Thorough staging revealed an extended tumour of the oropharynx as primary origin. The definitive surgical therapy consisted of a transoral tumour resection with CO(2)-laser and bilateral neck dissection. Final classification was pN2c cM0 G3 R0 L1 V0. Adjuvant fractioned radiotherapy with 66 Gy was applied because of bilateral lymph node metastases and extracapsular spread. So far only few cases of oropharyngeal SRCAs have been published. These tumours turned out to be either metastases from gastric or lower gastrointestinal primaries, or had the small salivary glands as origin. In all published cases, as well as in our case, radical surgical resection was the first step of a curative therapy trial. Adjuvant targeted therapy with drugs like, e.g. herceptin or imatinib was not possible because of genetic and immunhistochemical findings. Because of the small numbers of published cases, an evaluation long-term outcomes and significance of different adjuvant therapy regimes is barely possible at this time.
Auris Nasus Larynx 2009 Dec
PMID:Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the oropharynx: presentation of a rare case and review of the literature. 1944 73

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a kind of rare head and neck cancer in Japan. However, NPC has some unique features. It is one of the most popular cancers in southern China, Southeast Asia, the Arctic, and the middle East/north Africa. This distinctive racial, ethnical, and geographic predisposition to NPC implies that both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors contribute to the development of this tumor. NPC is an Epstein-Barr virus - associated tumor. Consistent elevation of EBV antibody titers is a well-established risk factor of development of NPC. Not only pathophysiological relationship, but also molecular mechanism of EBV-mediated carcinogenesis has been enthusiastically investigated. LMP1, an EBV primary oncogene, upregulates each step of metastasis, and contribute to highly metastatic feature of NPC. A tumor suppressor gene p53 is mostly intact and overexpressed in NPC whereas expression of p16, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory protein, is downregulated in 2/3 of NPC. Intention modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is now getting prevalent for the treatment of NPC because of complicated structure and location of nasopharynx. A good therapeutic result can be achieved by distributing a high dose to the tumor while keeping down normal tissue complications by reducing radiation dose to normal tissues. Chemotherapy is important to control distant metastasis of chemoradiosensitive NPC, and thus, should play an important role. However, most effective combination of anti-tumor drugs, protocol of chemoradiotherapy has not well-established. Finally, molecular targeting therapy, including targeting EBV gene product, has been developing and on the way to the clinical use.
Auris Nasus Larynx 2012 Apr
PMID:Current understanding and management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 2159 2