Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04637 (p53)
 77,613 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Breast tumors are thought to originate, grow, and metastasize in an environment which includes steroid hormone receptors, their cognate steroid ligands, and many gene products which are regulated by steroid hormone receptor-ligand complexes. In this paper we describe highly sensitive and quantitative immunofluorometric procedures for measuring three proteins that are candidate prognostic indicators in breast cancer, namely, the p53 tumor suppressor gene product, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and prostate specific antigen (PSA). These proteins were quantified in over 950 cytosolic tumor extracts along with estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR). Association analysis between all five biochemical parameters revealed strong negative associations between p53 and receptors and strong positive associations between CEA and receptors. Negative associations between p53 and CEA and between CEA and PSA were also found. These associations, not quantitatively studied in previous reports, are related to each other using a hypothetical model. The observed associations may further contribute to the understanding of the biology of breast tumors.
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PMID:Quantitative analysis of mutant p53 protein in breast tumor cytosols and study of its association with other biochemical prognostic indicators in breast cancer. 752 72

The expression of cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, Leu-M1, B72.3, carcinoembryonic antigen, human placental lactogen, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, p53, and ovarian carcinoma-associated antigen OC-125 was evaluated in inclusion cysts in contralateral ovaries of patients with unilateral ovarian carcinoma. The findings were compared with the findings in inclusion cysts in ovaries of patients without ovarian carcinoma. Although there was more frequent expression of tumour markers B72.3 and CEA in patients with ovarian carcinoma, these differences did not reach statistical significance.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical profile of ovarian inclusion cysts in patients with and without ovarian carcinoma. 777 95

One case of undifferentiated carcinoma of the gallbladder was studied using an extensive immunohistochemical panel of antibodies. The biphasic differentiation of the tumor was highlighted by different immunoreactivity to antibodies against cytokeratins, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen of the adenocarcinomatous and mesenchymallike components, although the latter showed a faint positivity for CAM5.2 antibody, probably indicating an epithelial origin. Furthermore, the higher levels of expression of p53 protein and the faster growth rate in the pseudosarcomatous component suggest its more malignant phenotype. The relationship with "true" carcinosarcomas of the gallbladder and the histogenetic theories concerning these tumors are also discussed.
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PMID:Undifferentiated carcinoma of the gallbladder. Report of a case with immunohistochemical findings. 788 85

Immunohistochemical characteristics of undifferentiated carcinomas of the ovary were examined using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues with an avidin-biotin staining approach. Eight cases were collected from the pathology files of our Institute from a total of 214 recorded malignant ovarian tumors. For immunostaining, antibodies reacting with epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), pankeratin, vimentin, CA 125, CA 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AT), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-erbB-2, bcl-2 and p53 proteins were used. All the cases examined were positive for EMA and pankeratin, specific markers for epithelial tumors, negative for the non-epithelial tumor marker, vimentin, and also positive for EGFR. Interestingly, only one case was positive for CA 125, despite it being one of the commonest reported indicators of ovarian cancer. CA 19-9 was positive in 7 cases, CEA in 5, AFP in 2, AT in 6 and c-erbB-2 protein in 4. Two cases were positive for p53 protein, and in 1 of these positive staining for bcl-2 was also observed. These results indicate that the epithelial nature is well preserved in undifferentiated ovarian carcinomas, although consistently positive reactions were not observed within the cases for some antigens. They further clearly show that a negative signal for CA 125 can not be considered to exclude the possibility of a primary ovarian tumor.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical characterization of undifferentiated carcinomas of the ovary. 796 44

Multiple carcinomas of the pancreatico-biliary tree are rare. A 53 year old Japanese man was diagnosed as having an adenocarcinoma in the papilla of Vater. During the operation, he was also found to have a polypoid mass in the common bile duct. While cutting the operative specimen into stepwise sections, a small tumor was also detected incidentally in the main pancreatic duct of the pancreatic head. Histologically, all three tumors proved to be papillary adenocarcinomas and were restricted to the mucosa. Immunohistochemically, all three tumors were positive for carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, chromogranin A and serotonin, while they were negative for somatostatin. Immunoreactivity to the tumor suppressor gene p53 protein (PAb 1801) was found in all three tumors. A flow cytometric analysis of the cellular DNA content revealed all three tumors to be aneuploid. The above results suggested that these three tumors from different sites all had the same histological, immunohistochemical and flow cytometrical characteristics.
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PMID:Three synchronous carcinomas of the papilla of Vater, common bile duct and pancreas. 804

Eleven primary spindle cell carcinomas (SpCCs) of the gallbladder are reported. They occurred in eight women and three men ranging in age from 59 to 80 years (mean age, 66.5 years). Histologically, the tumors showed interlacing bundles of atypical spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, oval to elongated nuclei, and conspicuous nucleoli. Eight SpCCs contained tiny foci of neoplastic glands similar to those seen in adenocarcinoma, and two of these cases also had small foci of neoplastic squamous epithelium. A gradual transition between the squamous cell carcinoma and the spindle cell component was observed in one tumor. Immunohistochemically, all SpCCs were positive for at least one of the epithelial markers (epithelial membrane antigen, nine cases; AE1/AE3, nine cases; carcinoembryonic antigen, three cases; and EAB 903, one case), and the tumor cells also were immunoreactive to mesenchymal marker (vimentin, eight cases), muscle markers (alpha-smooth muscle actin, one case; desmin, one case), and histiocytic marker (HAM 56, one case). Abnormalities in tumor suppressor gene p53 expression also were found in two of the 11 SpCC cases using monoclonal antibody PAb 1801. In six cases for which data were available flow cytometry revealed aneuploidy in three SpCCs (50%). The survival curve of the SpCC cases (mean survival, 9 months) was less favorable than that of 224 cases of adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder (mean survival, 81 months) (P = .0011). These results indicate that SpCC of the gallbladder is an epithelial tumor with sarcomatoid components and its prognosis is unfavorable.
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PMID:Undifferentiated spindle cell carcinoma of the gallbladder: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric study of 11 cases. 827 77

The DiFi human colorectal cancer cell line was recently established from a familial adenomatous polyposis patient with extracolonic features characteristic of the Gardner syndrome. These cells have now been propagated for 150 passages in standard culture media and vessels without feeder layers or collagen coatings. They retain features of colonic epithelial cells such as surface microvilli, secretory vesicles, and desmosomes. Cytosol of DiFi cells contains a high level (502 U/mg protein) of the mucin CA 19-9. In addition, DiFi cells produce carcinoembryonic antigen, and induce tumors in athymic mice. Cytoskeleton analysis of DiFi cells by fluorescence microscopy showed a pronounced disorganization of actin cable structure. The isozyme genetic signature of DiFi cells is unique (0.01 probability of finding the same genetic signature in a different cell line), differs from that of HeLa cells, and has expressional features seen in other colorectal cell lines. The DiFi cell karyotype is tetraploid, contains many marker chromosomes, and shows numerous episomal particles. Two copies of chromosome 18 were absent, and only a single normal chromosome 17 was found. This parallels detection of allelic losses from DiFi cell DNA at loci on chromosomes 17p and 18 using molecular (cDNA) probes. DiFi cells clearly express transcripts for the c-myc proto-oncogene, the c-myb proto-oncogene, and the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Transforming growth factor beta inhibits DiFi cell growth in soft agar and suppresses c-myc expression in these cells. The value of this cell line in the study of genetic alterations in colorectal cancer is discussed.
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PMID:Characterization of the DiFi rectal carcinoma cell line derived from a familial adenomatous polyposis patient. 838 96

A human cervical cancer cell line, CX, was established from a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The CX cells were epithelial in morphology with relatively large vesicular nuclei, and prominent nucleoli. Cytoplasmic organelles were generally sparse but tonofilaments were relatively abundant. The cells grew as a compact sheet with close membrane approximation interconnected by desmosome-like junctions. CX cells contained cytokeratin, but not vimentin. Elevated levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen were detected in the cell supernatants. Population doubling time was estimated to be about 20 h. CX cells were not able to grow in soft agar and not tumorigenic in nude mice. Chromosome analysis revealed that CX cells were heterogeneous and mainly had a female diploid karyotype. Unlike cervical cancer cell lines published previously, CX cells were demonstrated to be human papillomavirus-negative, p53 mutation-negative. Based on the distinct characteristics, CX cell line may prove to be a useful tool for the study of human cervical carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a human-papillomavirus negative, p53-mutation negative human cervical cancer cell line. 860 67

Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) of the lung is a putative precursor of bronchoalveolar carcinoma (BAC). To define the steps in its development and to clarify at which stage critical cellular events occur, we studied 65 lesions of AAH, early BAC, and overt BAC by morphometric analysis and immunohistochemical evaluation of expression of p53 protein and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Both the nuclear area and lesion size increased from AAH to early BAC and to overt BAC; the standardized variation of nuclear area was smallest in overt BAC. Discriminant analysis using these morphometric parameters revealed high accuracy rates for the respective categories. Analysis of distribution of lung lesions in terms of nuclear area and lesion size yielded effective, potentially diagnostic cutoff values for distinction between AAH and early BAC. Both p53 and CEA expression tended to increase with the advance of atypia grade. In particular, high-level p53 expression was strongly correlated with overt BAC. These findings indicate that our classification of lung lesions is reproducible and thus useful for analyzing the development of BAC. Furthermore, some kinds of p53 gene abnormalities that are correlated with high-level p53 expression likely play an important role in the progression of early to overt BAC.
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PMID:Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and bronchoalveolar lung carcinoma. Analysis by morphometry and the expressions of p53 and carcinoembryonic antigen. 923 46

The detection and elimination of minimal systemic disease in patients with solid tumors is one of the main current topics in clinical oncology. The present review focuses, therefore, on new diagnostic approaches to identify minimal disease in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes of patients with epithelial cancer as the major type of solid tumors in Western industrialized countries. These approaches may be used to improve tumor staging and monitoring of adjuvant therapies, as well as to detect tumor cell contamination in autologous stem cell grafts. Most investigators have developed either immunocytochemical assays with monoclonal antibodies to a variety of epithelial-specific cytoskeleton and membrane antigens or molecular methods based on the extensive amplification of a specific (c)DNA sequence by the polymerase-chain reaction (PCR). In immunocytochemical assays, antibodies to cytokeratins can be regarded as the most specific and sensitive probes to detect isolated epithelial tumor cells in bone marrow and blood. Molecular methods are based on the detection of either mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (e.g., ki-ras and p53 genes) or the mRNA expression of tissue-specific and tumor-associated genes. mRNA species targeted in these assays encode cytokeratins, prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, and polymorphic-epithelial mucin. To introduce the available methods into clinical practice, standardized protocols need to be developed and validated in multi-center studies.
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PMID:Detection of minimal disease in patients with solid tumors. 887 11


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