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Query: UNIPROT:P04637 (p53)
 77,613 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Within the past few years, the measurement of serum and tissue markers has had an increasing influence on clinical decisions about initial treatment and follow-up. Lung cancer illustrates the types and importance of these various markers. This review presents data concerning the most studied and interesting markers in non-small cell (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). CEA, TPA, SCC-Ag, CYFRA 21-1, ferritin, CA19-9, CA50, CA242, H-K-N-ras mutations and p53 mutation seem to be the most prolific in NSCLC, while NSE, BN/GRP, CK-BB, NCAM, IL-2R, IGF-I, transferrin, ANP, mAb (cluster 5), Le-y and c-N-L-myc mutation are markers in SCLC patients. Some of these serum markers might be useful adjuncts for monitoring response to therapy, including early detection of tumour reactivation to allow curative therapy and rapid detection of treatment failure to allow change of the regimen. The study of these markers also may lead to a better understanding of the biological characteristics of lung cancer. The information derived from these biological studies represents the most promising avenue towards new treatment strategies, as well as attempts at secondary prevention.
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PMID:Clinical tumour markers in lung cancer. 753 17

The issue of whether multifocal breast cancer represents intramammary spread from a single primary tumor or multiple synchronous tumors remains unresolved. We have used a series of immunocytochemical markers, B72.3, DF3, c-erbB-2, SP-1, CEA, and p53, to attempt to answer this question. Of 24 cases with separate discrete synchronous tumors in the same breast, 10 were histologically and immunocytochemically identical, five were histologically similar but immunocytochemically different, two were histologically different but immunocytochemically identical, and in seven cases the tumors were different both histologically and immunocytochemically. In seven of the 24 cases lymph nodes containing metastatic tumor were also available; in each instance, the immunoreactivity of the metastasis was similar to one or other of the tumors in the breast. This study indicates that multifocal breast cancer may result from either intramammary spread from a single primary tumor or multiple synchronous primary tumors.
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PMID:Mechanisms of multifocal breast cancer: an immunocytochemical study. 767 96

Both carcinoid tumor (carcinoid) and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) are composed of neuroendocrine cells which are positive for chromogranin. The former is a low grade malignancy but NEC is a highly aggressive malignancy. We compared histological differences of those tumors using antibodies to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens HLA-DR, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Leu7 (CD57), CEA and P53. Most characteristic differences between those tumors were in the expression of HLA-DR and PCNA. HLA-DR positive capillary endothelial cells were abundant in carcinoid as well as in non-tumorous endocrine organs but sparse in NEC. On the contrary, cells positive for PCNA were 92% in NEC, but 27% in carcinoid. We concluded that carcinoid imitates an endocrine organ in both morphology and function, but NEC deviates far from it.
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PMID:A comparative study of neuroendocrine carcinoma and carcinoid tumor with special reference to expression of HLA-DR antigen and PCNA. 769 Feb 46

The expression of cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, Leu-M1, B72.3, carcinoembryonic antigen, human placental lactogen, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, p53, and ovarian carcinoma-associated antigen OC-125 was evaluated in inclusion cysts in contralateral ovaries of patients with unilateral ovarian carcinoma. The findings were compared with the findings in inclusion cysts in ovaries of patients without ovarian carcinoma. Although there was more frequent expression of tumour markers B72.3 and CEA in patients with ovarian carcinoma, these differences did not reach statistical significance.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical profile of ovarian inclusion cysts in patients with and without ovarian carcinoma. 777 95

Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) of endometrioid type which may have arisen in the isthmus are presented. Hysterectomy specimens from two women, one 39 years of age and the other 64 years of age, showed the presence of endometrioid-type adenocarcinoma with minimal atypia and without back-to-back arrangement of the glands, which was consistent with a histological diagnosis of endometrioid MDA. However, the tumorous glands were most abundant in the isthmus, and extensively infiltrated into the cervical stroma, vagina, parametrium, and corpus in one case, and the tumor was confined to the isthmus in the other. Immunohistochemically, the tumorous glands were CEA-positive and vimentin-negative in both cases. p53 protein expression was found in one case. Histogenetic origin of MDA of endometrioid type is discussed.
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PMID:Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of endometrioid type may arise in the isthmus: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of two cases. 778 82

Microwave oven (mwo) is used to stimulate tissue fixation and to retrieve antigens damaged by fixation. Heavy metal salt solutions, water, and citric acid buffer (cab) have been suggested for this purpose. A serie of tumors treated with cab and phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) with mwo were studied immunohistochemically with 24 antibodies. Controls were treated in the same way, except for microwaving. The antibodies were directed against antigens of the following tumors: breast and prostate carcinoma, carcinoid, lymphoma and melanoma. The results showed that cab enhanced the immunoreactivity of the following antigens: estrogen receptors (AMAC), progesterone receptors (Novocastra), HMB45, vimentin, leukocyte common antigen, PCNA, p53, MIB-1 (Ki-67) and prostatic specific antigen. The antigens that did not improve their immunoreactivity, when compared with the control series were: factor VIII, keratin, Leu 22, L26, neuron-specific enolase, CEA, chromogranin, HBME-1, smooth muscle actin and EMA. Microwaving equally improved protein S100 and desmin either with cab or pbs. The only antigen that improved with pbs was actin. The results with B72.3 and NKI/C3 were poor and not reliable. In conclusion microwaving with cab enhances the immunoreactivity of the antibodies mentioned above leading to an increase in sensibility without loosing specificity.
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PMID:[Antigen retrieval by microwave oven with buffer of citric acid]. 799 28

A case of extramammary Paget's disease of the axilla in an 84-year-old patient is presented. No underlying carcinoma was found and the lesion was treated successfully by wide local excision. Immunohistochemical staining showed nuclear immunoreactivity for c-myc and cytoplasmic staining for CEA, EMA, CAM 5.2, EGRF, c-erbB-2 and pan-cytokeratin in all the Paget cells. No immunoreactivity of the lesion was observed for S-100 protein, pan-ras, H-ras, K-ras, and p53 oncoproteins. Further research is needed to establish whether oncoprotein overexpression plays a role in the pathogenesis of extramammary Paget's disease and can be used as a diagnostic or prognostic marker.
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PMID:Extramammary Paget's disease of the axilla. 807 May 99

Many antigenic and genetic markers have been proposed for breast cancer, with potential utility in identification, screening, prognosis, detection, or monitoring. Of the available markers, those with the greatest promise in 1993 include the yet-to-be-cloned BrCa1, the p53 tumor suppressor gene, tissue-associated prognostic factors such as HER-2/neu, cathepsin-D, and indicators of angiogenesis, and circulating tumor markers that provide an indication of clinical course, such as CA15-3 and CEA. However, the precise clinical utilities of all of these markers have yet to be determined. It is especially important that the relative independence of the markers in relation to other available markers to determined so as to avoid the unnecessary cost and expense of redundancy. Moreover, it is important that the clinician be aware of the limitations in both sensitivity and specificity of each marker so as not to sensitivity and specificity of each marker so as not to over- or under-interpret the predictive value of any test. With these caveats in mind, judicial application of germ-line, tissue, and soluble tumor markers can improve clinical care of patients at risk for and with breast cancer.
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PMID:Tumor markers for breast cancer. 811 99

Many factors have been identified for the prediction of prognosis in human breast cancer. In this overview the old and recent available prognostic factors are discussed. The prognostic markers widely used are clinical factors (tumor size, age of the patient, etc.), serum markers (CEA, CA 15-3, MSA, CA 125, TK, MCA), pathological factors (histologic differentiation grade, lymph node status) and steroid receptors. More recently molecular biological studies suggest that amplification and overexpression of some oncogenes may play a role in breast cancer prognosis, such as allele deletions of onco-suppressor genes (p53). DNA ploidy status and proliferation markers (S-phase fraction, Ki67 and TLI) may also be useful as prognostic markers.
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PMID:New and old in prognosis determination. 819 83

Twenty-eight undifferentiated carcinomas (UCs) were immunohistochemically investigated with antibodies against cytokeratins (CKs), vimentin, p53 protein, c-erbB-2 protein and CEA. The diagnoses were based on the findings of conventional histopathology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. CKs8, 18 and 19 were the CKs most frequently present in these tumors, in 61%, 61% and 82% of the cases, respectively. Nine of the 28 (32%) UCs were CKs5/6 positive. Expression of CK20 was found in three (11%) cases. Four UCs were sub-type Cks negative, but one of them was confirmed AE1/AE3 positive. P53 protein overexpression was found in nine (32%) cases. One of the patients with p53 protein positive tumors has been alive for 174 months. Nine (32%) UCs expressed vimentin, which included all of the three thyroid UCs. Comparing with our previous study of squamous cell carcinomas, we found that vimentin and CK18 are more frequently expressed in UCs. The overexpression of p53 protein is similar in the two groups of carcinomas and thus, p53 protein is not a differentiation marker in these tumors. Finally, we recommend the use of a CK "cocktail of antibodies" in the diagnosis of UCs.
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PMID:Undifferentiated carcinoma: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. 831 92


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