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Query: UNIPROT:P04626 (erbB-2)
 5,251 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Surgical specimens from six benign and 16 malignant human gliomas were investigated immunohistochemically to correlate the degree of malignancy, the distribution of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, and the potential for cell proliferation using monoclonal antibodies to TGF-alpha, EGF receptor, and Ki-67. Fourteen (88%) of the malignant gliomas and one (17%) of the benign gliomas were found to be positive for TGF-alpha, and 14 (88%) of the malignant gliomas and two (33%) of the benign gliomas expressed EGF receptor. The proliferation index with Ki-67 was 18.8% +/- 8.1% (mean +/- standard deviation) in malignant gliomas and 1.9% +/- 1.8% in benign gliomas. In general, cells positive for EGF receptor and Ki-67 were randomly distributed throughout the tumor tissue, and cells positive for TGF-alpha tended to be clustered without obvious relationship to areas of necrosis or blood vessels. In some tumors, cells positive for TGF-alpha, EGF receptor, and Ki-67 were associated in a focal distribution. The more frequent expression of TGF-alpha and EGF receptor in the highly proliferative malignant gliomas is compatible with a role for TGF-alpha and EGF receptor in the induction or stimulation of malignant gliomas.
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PMID:Transforming growth factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor receptor, and proliferating potential in benign and malignant gliomas. 204 27

Recently cervical cancer is defined as a sexually-transmitted disease, and human papillomavirus (HPV) has been focused as one of its etiologic agents. It is known that cervical cancer is extraordinarily rare in non-human mammals that have the estrous cycle. In contrast, cervical cancer is frequent in human beings which have lost the estrous cycle, and subsequently evolved a sexual behavior irrespective of the menstrual phase. Therefore, upon the hypothesis that the estrous cycle is a period protected from a sexually transmitted disease, we studied the status of local defence mechanism and growth/differentiation of normal cervical epithelium during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Then, the influence of HPV-infection on the growth and differentiation of cervical epithelium was analyzed. As a local immune system of the cervix, both IgA and IgG are secreted in the cervical mucus, and the levels in the follicular phase were significantly higher than those during the luteal phase and pregnancy. An existence of local defence mechanism in the follicular phase is suggested. Analysis of a cell proliferation antigen Ki-67 in normal cervix revealed that parabasal cells enter the cell cycle more frequently in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase. Basal and reserve cells are usually resting, but a few cells enter the cell cycle during the luteal phase and during pregnancy. Since cycling cells are more susceptible to viral infection, the basal and/or reserve cells during the luteal phase and pregnancy are suggested to be under the risk for HPV infection. As factors regulating growth and differentiation of cervical squamous epithelium, immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-erbB-2 protein, adult T-cell leukemia-derived factor (ADF), and HPV DNA was examined. In normal cervix, basal cells were usually ER-positive and PR-negative. Parabasal cells were ER-positive and PR-negative in the follicular phase, while they were ER-negative and PR-positive during the luteal phase and pregnancy. Considering the results of Ki-67 expression, the ER-negative and PR-positive status is possibly related to the proliferation of the cervical squamous epithelium. In cervical condylomas, basal cells infected by HPV6/11 were ER-positive, but HPV16/18-infected cells were ER-negative. Neoplastic cells of CINs and invasive squamous carcinomas containing HPV DNA 16/18 were ER-negative, while those containing HPV DNA 31/33/35 were weakly ER-positive. PR was positive in 2 of 2 condylomas, 18 of 26 CINs, and 13 of 22 invasive carcinomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies on pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma based on the analysis of growth and differentiation mechanism of cervical epithelium]. 217 18

In view of the limitations of conventional prognostic factors such as differentiation degree, metastatic lymph nodes, hormonal receptors and others, especially when early lesions are found, additional new markers have been studied, such as gene amplification and cell proliferation index, in order to choose the appropriate treatment. Primary breast carcinoma tumors from 97 patients were examined for differentiation degree, metastatic lymph nodes, hormonal receptors, c-erbB-2 amplification and cell proliferation index (Ki-67). A negative relationship with hormonal receptors and c-erbB-2 amplification, Ki-67 and differentiation degree was found, whereas the relationship between c-erbB-2, Ki-67 and differentiation degree was positive. No relationship was found between these factors and metastatic lymph nodes. The concurrence of high cell proliferation index, c-erbB-2 amplification and negative hormonal receptor presence would indicate a subpopulation with a high risk of recurrence. But a larger survival study is necessary to correlate these factors with clinical outcome.
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PMID:Hormonal receptors, cell proliferation fraction (Ki-67) and c-erbB-2 amplification in breast cancer. Relationship between differentiation degree and axillary lymph node metastases. 752 10

Immunocytochemical methods are important tools for identifying antigens in tissue sections and cell smears. Some antigens were retrieved in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues by means of a microwave technique. This method also increased the sensitivity of the immunohistochemical detection of several other antigens. Altogether, microwave boiling of the tissue sections in citrate buffer clearly improved the immunoreactivity for cytokeratin 18, oestrogen receptor, Ki-67 protein, PCNA, p53 protein, retinoblastoma gene protein and c-erbB-2 protein. This new technique, which can be applied in every pathology laboratory, will facilitate the application of immunohistochemical methods for research and diagnostic work.
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PMID:[Microwave oven in immunohistochemistry. An important tool for determination of antigens in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue]. 752 43

Although over-expression of the C-erbB-2 oncogene product can be detected on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from tumours of the human breast, fixation results in a considerable loss of immunostaining for this protein. In this study, C-erbB-2 expression was studied immunohistochemically on frozen sections in 63 infiltrating carcinomas, 3 phyllodes tumours, 15 fibroadenomas and 16 cases of fibrocystic disease. The value of C-erbB-2 expression as a prognostic indicator in ductal carcinomas was examined by seeking an association with known prognostic indicators. C-erbB-2 over-expression was confined to ductal carcinomas of the breast and was positively correlated with tumour size, grade, oestrogen receptor status and the presence of metastatic deposits in axillary lymph nodes. Only the association with lymph node and oestrogen receptor status were statistically significant. No evidence of a correlation between C-erbB-2 expression and growth fraction (as assessed with the Ki-67 antibody) was demonstrated in the cases studied. Formalin fixation was associated with the loss of immunoreactivity in all cases studied. 75% of cases which were positive on frozen sections were negative in paraffin sections. These results highlight the significance of the method of fixation used in studying C-erbB-2 expression. They confirm the association between C-erbB-2 expression and known prognostic indicators.
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PMID:C-erbB-2 oncogene product expression depends on tumour type and is related to oestrogen receptor and lymph node status in human breast carcinoma. 768 54

A series of 160 impalpable breast carcinomas was collected from 1979 to 1991. Mammographs showed microcalcifications (64%), or opaque images (36%). Surgical specimens were X-rayed during the intervention in order (i) to ascertain that the lesions detected on mammographs were removed, and (ii) to guide the pathologist in sampling tissue fragment for an appropriate microscopic evaluation of the lesions. During the intervention, the peroperation histological diagnosis was correct in 63% of the cases, whereas malignancies were underscored in 37%. No false positive diagnosis was recorded. A large majority (92%) of false diagnoses stated during surgery were in situ carcinomas diagnosed as epitheliosis and invasive carcinomas diagnosed as in situ carcinomas. In 63% of the cases the axillary lymph node could be removed during the first intervention. In 91% of the cases "in sano" margins of resection were evaluated as such during the intervention. The size of tumors ranged from 1 to 60 mm (m = 10 mm - SD = 8.45), 70% measuring less than 10 mm. Carcinomas were in situ (23.75%), microinvasive (13.75%) and invasive (62.5%). Carcinomas were ductal (78.1%), lobular (18.7%) and of other types (14.2%). A majority of intraductal carcinoma (68%) were comedocarcinomas. Invasive carcinomas accounted for grade I in 37% of the cases, grade II in 56%, grade III in 7%, ductal carcinomas and for tubular carcinomas in 15%. Immunodetection could be performed on frozen sections in 78 cases. Tumors were receptor positive in 58% of the cases. The greater growth fraction (Ki-67) and higher detection of HER-2/neu oncogene product were observed in comedocarcinomas. Diploid tumors accounted for 52% of those evaluated (n = 48).
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PMID:Non palpable breast carcinomas. Histological and immunohistochemical studies of 160 cases. 768 55

Thirty-one salivary gland epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas from 26 patients were studied by DNA flow cytometry, and immunostaining for Ki-67 and HER-2/neu oncogene product. The results were correlated with clinicopathologic factors and patient outcome. The tumor most commonly involved the parotid gland, and mainly affected patients in their 6th to 8th decades. The clinical course was characterized by a high incidence of local recurrence (50%) and not infrequent distant metastasis (25%). None of the patients in this cohort died of disease. DNA content analysis revealed 21 neoplasms with DNA diploidy and 5 tumors with DNA aneuploidy; all aneuploid cases were near-diploid (hyperdiploidy) and showed low proliferative activity. All aneuploid and 60% of the diploid neoplasms developed recurrences and/or metastases. Immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67 proliferation markers also showed low overall growth fractions. Interestingly, Ki-67 immunoreactivity was largely restricted to myoepithelial cells, suggesting a central role for this cell in the development of these tumors. HER-2/neu oncogene analysis failed to demonstrate overexpression in any of the tumors examined. This study indicates that epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma is a low grade malignant neoplasm with a high propensity for recurrence. HER-2/neu oncogene and Ki-67 offer no additional advantages over current factors in the biologic evaluation of these neoplasms. DNA aneuploidy may allow for the identification of a subset of tumors that is more prone to recurrence and metastasis, but further studies with extended follow-up are needed.
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PMID:Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of salivary glands. A clinicopathologic, DNA flow cytometric, and immunohistochemical study of Ki-67 and HER-2/neu oncogene. 772 39

The pathological and biological features of a consecutive series of impalpable invasive breast carcinoma, detected by mammography in the prevalent round of the breast screening programme, have been compared with a clinically presenting group of carcinomas in age-matched patients. There was a significantly higher prevalence of tubular carcinomas as well-differentiated infiltrating ductal carcinomas in the mammographically detected group, and a lower prevalence of poorly differentiated infiltrating ductal carcinomas. Lymph node metastasis was found in 6.5% of the impalpable group compared with 53% of the clinical group. The prevalence of oestrogen receptor was much higher in the impalpable group (96%) than in the control group (67%), although there were no significant differences for progesterone receptor. The prevalence of pS2 was also much higher in the impalpable group, as was cathepsin D. This finding is surprising in view of the reported relationship between cathepsin D and poorer survival. p53 and c-erb-2 proteins were detectable in fewer impalpable carcinomas. The mean MIBI (Ki-67) index was lower in the impalpable group (11.6) than in the clinical group (15.25). Within the mammographically detected group there was a significant difference in the MIBI index between tubular carcinomas and the different grades of infiltrating ductal carcinomas, with a wide range in each category but no association with size. The impalpable carcinomas detected by mammography differ from clinically presenting carcinomas in many ways, raising the question of whether a proportion or all would progress (dedifferentiate) with time.
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PMID:Pathological and biological features of mammographically detected invasive breast carcinomas. 759 62

The new histologic classification proposed by Holland et al was applied to 127 cases of mammographically-detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The relationship between histologic types and tumor cell expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, p53 protein, c-erbB-2 oncoprotein, and proliferative activity markers was evaluated. There were 38 (30%) well differentiated, 39 (31%) intermediately differentiated and 50 (39%) poorly differentiated DCIS. Immunohistochemistry showed that 81% of the tumors were estrogen-receptor positive and 73% progesterone receptor positive. p53 protein and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression was identified in 40% and 57% of the cases, respectively. Growth-fraction determination with the Ki-67 antibody showed that 52% of the tumors had high proliferative activity. A highly significant association was found between the histologic types of DCIS and p53 protein, c-erB-b2 oncoprotein, and proliferative activity marker expression: these biological markers were more frequently overexpressed in less differentiated DCIS. No significant relationship with estrogen or progesterone receptor expression was noted. A strong relationship with the amount of tumor necrosis was also found. The clinical significance of these results should, however, be determined by long-term follow-up studies of patients with DCIS.
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PMID:Mammographically-detected ductal in situ carcinoma of the breast analyzed with a new classification. A study of 127 cases: correlation with estrogen and progesterone receptors, p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins, and proliferative activity. 783 32

A series of 200 breast carcinomas was investigated on frozen sections using PAb 1801 p53 monoclonal antibody and streptavidin biotin peroxidase complex. Densitometric analysis of the immunoprecipitates was assessed by processing digitized microscopic images. p53 was observed in the nucleus of 48% of the tumors. Some tumors (14 of 91) tested in parallel on paraffin sections were negative, although positive on frozen sections. Image analysis showed that the surfaces positive with anti-p53 and the staining intensity were decreased (P < .01) on paraffin sections. The p53 tumor expression was independent of patient age, tumor size, axillary lymph node status, HER-2/neu and cathepsin D expression, and nuclear morphometric parameters. However, p53 correlated with high histological grade (P < .01), lack of estrogen receptor (ER) (P = .0015) and progesterone (PR) (P = .0065) antigenic sites, pS2 detection (P = .03), high Ki-67 immunoreactivity (P = .018), large silver-stained nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) nuclear surface ratio (P < .02), and degree of hyperploidy (P < .03), and was more often observed in the comedocarcinomas. The results suggest that p53 expression in breast carcinomas is not a totally independent prognostic indicator and that the clinical relevance and prognostic significance of p53 expression in breast carcinomas can be reliably assessed provided that the procedures are standardized, particularly with regard to the use of frozen sections and image analysis processing of the immunodetection.
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PMID:p53 quantitative immunocytochemical analysis in breast carcinomas. 786 46


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