Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04626 (erbB-2)
 5,251 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To clarify whether p53 protein expression is involved in multistep carcinogenesis or the progression of mammary ductal carcinoma, we investigated p53 protein expression in 83 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC), 10 IDC with a predominant intraductal component, 13 non-invasive ductal carcinoma (NIDC), 16 atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and 39 benign epithelial hyperplasia (EH), using immunohistochemistry. Expression of p53 protein was detected in 24 (28.9%) cases of IDC, 5 (50%) cases of IDC with a predominant intraductal component and 1 (7.6%) case of NIDC. No expression was observed in either ADH or EH. In IDC, including cases with a predominant intraductal component, p53 protein expression was associated with a higher histological grade (P < 0.0001) or mitotic index (P < 0.0005). Although overexpression of c-erbB-2 protein has also shown a similar association with these prognostic indicators, expression of p53 protein correlated regardless of the status of c-erbB-2 overexpression. Completely coordinated expression of p53 protein was seen in both intraductal and invasive components. The intraductal component in IDC including cases with a predominant intraductal component which expresses p53 protein had significantly higher histological grade (P < 0.0005) or more comedo-subtypes (P < 0.0001). These results suggested that p53 protein expression occurs at a stage of NIDC with high histological grade or in comedo-subtypes. Its expression is maintained throughout invasion.
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PMID:Expression of p53 protein in benign epithelial hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, non-invasive and invasive mammary carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study. 791 68

The expression of both the nuclear protein p53 tumor suppressor gene product and the transmembrane C-erbB-2 protein oncogene product (p185) correlates to risk factors and outcomes in different tumor types. Their value as prognosticators in endometrial adenocarcinoma of endometrioid type (EC) has not been determined. Paraffin sections were examined immunohistochemically to study the expression of p53 protein and p185 in 112 patients with EC. p53 protein was overaccumulated in 34% and p185 in 13% of the tumors. p53 protein correlated with mitotic count and nuclear grade. Both p53 protein and p185 correlated significantly with outcome. However, they did not correlate with each other or with architectural grade or stage (which defines a high risk group), indicating a role as adjuvant prognosticators in EC. Stage and outcome did correlate, however. Both p53 protein and p185 antibodies work well on routine, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and are easily used in routine diagnostic procedures.
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PMID:p53 protein and c-erbB-2 protein (p185) expression in endometrial adenocarcinoma of endometrioid type. An immunohistochemical examination on paraffin sections. 791 77

The use of chemotherapy as a form of primary treatment for breast cancer is increasing and, as a result, more resection specimens contain tumours which have been exposed to cytotoxic drugs. We have studied the effects of chemotherapy on the tumour morphology and various biological features of breast carcinoma in a group of 35 patients. These were a group who responded to treatment in a clinical study of the use of primary chemotherapy designed to reduce tumour bulk prior to surgery. Characteristic morphological changes, temporally related to the administration of cytotoxic agents, are seen. The malignant cells become enlarged with vacuolated cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei containing prominent nuclei; occasionally the nuclei were angular and hyperchromatic. These features are interpreted as degenerative in nature. In 15 cases sufficient material was present in the pretreatment biopsies to compare the grade of the tumours before and after chemotherapy: changes were found in six tumours. Cytotoxic drugs do not induce a consistent pattern of change in the proliferation and apoptotic indices of individual tumours, but there is a tendency to reduce proliferative activity over all the tumours as a group. It was also found that chemotherapy is capable of modifying the expression of the oncoproteins c-erbB-2 and p53 in a minority of cases of breast cancer, usually resulting in an acquisition of immunoreactive oncoprotein. It is important to be aware of these effects when studying breast carcinomas removed after chemotherapy.
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PMID:The effects of chemotherapy on morphology, cellular proliferation, apoptosis and oncoprotein expression in primary breast carcinoma. 791 26

In this paper the predictive value of molecular prognostic parameters for bladder cancer is discussed. DNA ploidy has additional prognostic value for grade 2 tumors, irrespective of stage, with aneuploid tumors having a poor prognosis. Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) can be used as a prognostic factor for the group of superficial tumors. Both abnormal E-cadherin and retinoblastoma (RB) expression have additional prognostic value for invasive tumors. The exact predictive value for the superficial tumors needs further study. The results with respect to p53 are conflicting and its exact role especially in the progression of pT1g3 tumors has to be clarified. In view of the discordance concerning its prognostic value, c-erbB-2 overexpression also needs further study. It appears that at this moment only a few molecular markers seem to have potential prognostic value, but their precise clinical relevance has to be studied more extensively. In particular the value of progression markers in the superficial TCC needs more attention.
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PMID:Molecular prognostic factors in bladder cancer. 791 39

Abnormal expression of p53, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and c-erbB-2 occurs in a variety of cancers and in some cases is associated with poor prognosis. Immunoperoxidase staining using these markers in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded endometrial carcinoma tissue was performed to determine whether immunoreactivity correlates with survival and known prognostic variables. Cases included 84 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, five adenoacanthomas, 12 adenosquamous carcinomas, 11 serous carcinomas, 15 clear cell carcinomas, and one carcinosarcoma for a total of 128 cases. Frequencies of immunoreactivity were as follows: p53, 37 of 128 (29%); TGF alpha, strong (2+) 23 of 128 (18%) and intermediate (1+) 26 of 128 (20%); EGFR, strong (3+) 21 of 128 (16%) and intermediate (2+ or 1+) 83 of 128 (65%); and c-erbB-2, strong (2+) four of 128 (2%) and intermediate (1+) three of 128 (1%). p53 and TGF alpha staining showed statistically significant correlations with decreased length of survival (P < .0017 and P < .0013, respectively, generalized Savage [Mantel Cox]). p53 immunoreactivity correlated with tumor types, grade, and stage. Transforming growth factor alpha staining correlated with increased depth of invasion and presence of vascular invasion. Epidermal growth factor receptor staining did not correlate with length of survival or known prognostic variables. c-erbB-2 staining correlated with tumor type. In the multivariate analysis p53 and TGF alpha staining were not independent predictors of survival when other variables were taken into account, including grade, stage, tumor type, presence of vascular invasion, and depth of invasion. Grade and stage were the only independent predictors of survival when used in combination in a Cox proportional hazards model.
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PMID:Expression of p53, transforming growth factor alpha, epidermal growth factor receptor, and c-erbB-2 in endometrial carcinoma and correlation with survival and known predictors of survival. 792 13

The clinicopathological and immunocytochemical features of nine cases of salivary duct carcinoma are described. This relatively rare tumour, which only recently has been widely recognized as a separate entity, is highly malignant and caused the death in eight of the patients. The tumour cells are arranged in cribriform and solid growth patterns, where the solid tumour nests frequently have comedo necrosis, and a fibrous, often sclerotic, stroma is present. The infiltrating desmoplasmic component and the diffuse invasive growth into adjacent adipose parotid tissue have similarities to ductal breast carcinoma. Immunocytochemical investigation of salivary duct carcinoma showed constant overexpression of c-erbB-2 as detected by membrane accentuation, and high proliferative activity as detected by nuclear positivity for MIB 1 (Ki-67). Changes in the expression of p53 and retinoblastoma gene product do not constitute a constant event in salivary duct carcinoma. A few of the tumours showed scattered cells with distinct nuclear positivity for both progesterone and oestrogen receptors. We emphasize that this highly malignant salivary gland tumour has a characteristic morphology, may not be as rare as previously considered, and that prompt and aggressive therapy is needed.
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PMID:Salivary duct carcinoma--a highly aggressive salivary gland tumour with overexpression of c-erbB-2. 793 25

Low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast is a variant of metaplastic mammary carcinoma characterized by a locally invasive growth pattern and a low risk for metastases. In this study none of the carcinomas exhibited greater than 5 percent nuclear immunoreactivity for estrogen or progesterone receptors, and as a result they were classified as negative for these receptors. Reactivity for cathepsin D was found in 39 percent of the tumors, largely limited to areas of epidermoid differentiation. Membrane immunoreactivity for HER-2/neu oncogenes was present in glandular components of 46 percent of the carcinomas. Immunoreactivity for p53 (greater than 10 percent of nuclei) was present in 13 percent of the tumors, also in glandular elements. Six different patterns of coexpression of p53, HER-2/neu and cathepsin D were found, the most frequent being the following: HER-2/neu(+), p53(-), cathepsin D(-) (9 cases, 39%); cathepsin D(+), p53(-), HER-2/neu(-) (5 cases, 22%); and the three markers negative (5 cases, 22 percent). Coexpression of the two oncogenes was found in only one tumor which was also positive for cathepsin D. These results indicate that the expression of various immunohistochemical prognostic markers may be heterogeneous and that there may not be a specific pattern of marker coexpression within a carefully defined histologic subtype of mammary carcinoma. Furthermore, characteristics reported to be associated with an unfavorable prognosis (negative hormone receptors, presence of cathepsin D, and expression of oncogenes such as HER-2/neu) may be found in a substantial proportion of tumors that comprise this clinically and histologically low-grade variant of mammary carcinoma. This disassociation between expected prognosis based on expression of current prognostic markers and observed prognosis occurs in other forms of mammary carcinoma. Medullary carcinoma, when diagnosed on the basis of rigorously defined criteria, has an excellent prognosis despite the fact that these tumors are characterized by absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors and a high proliferative rate. The histological classification of mammary carcinomas is itself an important prognostic variable that may take precedence over selected biochemical markers.
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PMID:The pathology of low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast. An immunohistochemical study. 793 47

The expression of p53 protein and overexpression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was examined immunohistochemically and compared on frozen tissue sections and cyst fluid cells in patients with epithelial malignant and benign ovarian neoplasms. p53 was detected in 52.6% of carcinomas and c-erbB-2 expression was identified in 47.3% of cases. The relationship between p53 and c-erbB-2 overexpression in tissue sections and detached cyst fluid cells was evident. Moreover, a significant association between the presence of p53 and overexpression of c-erbB-2 proteins in tumor tissue sections and loose cyst fluid cells in individual patients was demonstrated. In tissue sections and loose cyst fluid cells of benign ovarian tumors no overexpression of p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins was found.
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PMID:Relationship between p53 and c-erbB-2 overexpression in tissue sections and cyst fluid cells of patients with ovarian cancer. 793 71

The bad prognosis of exocrine pancreas carcinoma manifests itself by a high incidence of recidivation, early metastasis formation and a low 5-year survival rate of 1-2% on an average has not essentially been improved in recent times although progress is evident in diagnosis as well as in surgical, radiological and cytostatic therapy. The unfavourable course of illnesses is due to the symptomless early phase rather than the existing diagnostic potential. Thus, a recording, standardization and definition of pancreatic duct atypias is a necessity for optimizing the pattern of examinations. Topographically, the structure of pancreatic parenchyma may be classified by 1) interlobular ducts; 2) intralobular ducts; 3) intercalated ducts; 4) centroacinar cells, and 5) acinar cells. Based on this matrix, entities of varying diagnostic relevance may be derived, i.e. 1) orthological histiomorphological tissue formations; 2) hyperplastic epithelial changes; 3) metaplastic epithelial formations; and 4) atypical hyperplasias. Beyond this, there are numerous indications of a redifferentiation of numerous pancreatic cell types, primarily of acinar cells. The close relationships between ductal and acinar cells may be subsumed as a terminal ductulo-acinar intercalated duct complex. Against the background of chronic pancreatitis and corresponding length of history (< 6.5 years), cancer may develop in up to 16% of cases. On the molecularbiological level, point mutations of the K-ras gene, a mutation or deletion of the p53 suppressor gene and an excess production of the c-erbB-2 protooncogene are found in a great number of pancreatic carcinomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Lesions of the pancreatic duct epithelium and histogenesis of exocrine pancreatic carcinomas]. 794 29

Immunohistochemical characteristics of undifferentiated carcinomas of the ovary were examined using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues with an avidin-biotin staining approach. Eight cases were collected from the pathology files of our Institute from a total of 214 recorded malignant ovarian tumors. For immunostaining, antibodies reacting with epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), pankeratin, vimentin, CA 125, CA 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AT), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-erbB-2, bcl-2 and p53 proteins were used. All the cases examined were positive for EMA and pankeratin, specific markers for epithelial tumors, negative for the non-epithelial tumor marker, vimentin, and also positive for EGFR. Interestingly, only one case was positive for CA 125, despite it being one of the commonest reported indicators of ovarian cancer. CA 19-9 was positive in 7 cases, CEA in 5, AFP in 2, AT in 6 and c-erbB-2 protein in 4. Two cases were positive for p53 protein, and in 1 of these positive staining for bcl-2 was also observed. These results indicate that the epithelial nature is well preserved in undifferentiated ovarian carcinomas, although consistently positive reactions were not observed within the cases for some antigens. They further clearly show that a negative signal for CA 125 can not be considered to exclude the possibility of a primary ovarian tumor.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical characterization of undifferentiated carcinomas of the ovary. 796 44


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