Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04626 (erbB-2)
 5,251 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and seventy patients received breast-conserving therapy in the Second Department of Surgery, Gunma University School of Medicine. Six (3.5%) out of the 170 patients showed breast recurrence. We investigated the breast recurrent cases clinicopathologically. The age at the initial operation ranged from 38 to 78 (mean 57) years. One patient was clinical stage I and the others were clinical stage II. Surgical margin at the initial operation was negative in two patients and positive in four. Histological type was invasive ductal cancer in all cases. Three patients had lymph node involvement. The interval from the initial operation to breast recurrence ranged from 19 to 68 months. Five cases were nodular type and one was diffuse type of breast recurrence. Histological type of breast recurrence was the same as the initial one. We performed salvage surgery for all breast recurrent patients, mastectomy for four patients and local resection for two. One patient who showed diffuse type of recurrence could not be controlled with any surgical treatment, and later died of breast cancer. We investigated the expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, pS2, c-erbB-2 and p53 on both initial and recurrent specimens of the six patients. The expression of each protein on the recurrent specimens was the same as the initial one. We conclude that breast recurrence after breast-conserving therapy has its origin in the residue of cancer cells at the initial operation, even if surgical margins are histopathologically negative.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study on primary and recurrent tumors in patients with local recurrence in the conserved breast. 1067 74

The aggressiveness of invasive micropapillary carcinomas of the breast (MPCa) is still controversially discussed. Therefore, we investigated a total of 68 cases and studied the evolution of 54. MPCa were frequently well-differentiated cancers with the following positivities for immunohistochemistry: 74.5% estrogen receptor (ER+), 46.3% progesterone receptor (PR+), 66% Bcl2+, and 36.4% C-erbB-2+. However, in 90.5% of the cases lymph nodes were involved at diagnosis, and 70.6% of T1 tumors showed wide metastatic spread. After a mean follow-up of 52.6 months, 55.6% of the patients were disease free (DF), 7.4% had disseminated disease and 37% had died. Univariate analysis showed significant differences. Thus, the DF group of patients included 90% of those having tumors with an associated colloid pattern, 73.3% of the ER positive tumors, none of the C-erbB-2 positive tumors, and 100% of the tumors with no axillary metastasis, 77.8% of those with metastasis to up to 3 nodes, and 47.2% of those metastasizing to 4 or more nodes. However, using Cox's regression model for survival analysis, ER was the only factor associated with duration of survival (p = 0.0175). In conclusion, although long-term survival in MPCa is determined by involvement of lymph nodes, as is the case in any other breast cancer type, their short-term evolution is influenced by other factors, mostly by estrogen receptors.
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PMID:Importance of estrogen receptors for the behavior of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast. Review of 68 cases with follow-up of 54. 1067 70

The prognostic factors in 180 axillary node-negative breast cancer patients with more than 5 year follow-up were searched for with multiple regression. Based on the regression results, the cases with treatment failure in 5 year and the cases with 5 year disease free survival were matched at 1:2 ratio. Then the c-erbB-2 protein, p53 Protein, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and the S-phase fraction (SPF) were measured in paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue. The results were analysed with log-rank test and Cox-Model. Among the biobehaviour factors measured, the SPF was the strongest prognosis predictor for ANN. The 5 year disease free survival rate of ANN with SPF < 10% or > 10% was 94% and 52% respectively (P < 0.001). The treatment failure relative risk of patients with SPF > 10% ANN was 11.31. The relative risk of other four factors was respectively, PR 3.58 (P < 0.002), ER 2.93 (P < 0.05), p53 1.44 (P > 0.3), c-erbB-2 1.38 (P > 0.5). The combination of PR or EP with SPF could make the relative risk even higher.
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PMID:[Prognosis prediction of S-phase fraction and p53, c-erbB-2, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor in axillary node-negative breast cancer]. 1067 68

To determine the risk factors associated with the recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer after lumpectomy with postoperative radiation therapy, 112 cases were studied who had been treated during a period of 11 years at the University of Florida Health Science Center/Jacksonville. The patients were evaluated for their age, race, and clinical stage, as well as the tumor grade, stage, histological type, and node involvement. Among these cases, four (4%) recurred locally within a year of treatment; 10 (9%) cases presented with distant metastasis within three years. No obvious clinical risk factors were identified for local recurrence; however, positive-node status seemed to be associated with distant metastasis. The primary tumors of these cases were then studied using immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the potential prognostic value of tumor markers such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), tumor suppressor gene p53, HER-2/neu oncogene, and multi-drug resistance gene (MDR). The expression of p53 was associated with all local recurrence cases as well as 50% of those who had metastasis. The expression of MDR was observed in 80% of the distant metastatic cases. This preliminary result may warrant further studies on larger number of cases to assess the predictive value of p53 and MDR in the outcome of breast cancers in patients treated with postoperative radiation therapy.
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PMID:Molecular predictive factors for local recurrence and distant metastasis of breast cancer after lumpectomy with postoperative radiation therapy. 1067 81

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant disease, predisposing to the development of colorectal cancer and other tumor types such as endometrial, small bowel, stomach, ovary and urinary tract carcinoma, while most investigators find no association between HNPCC and cancer of the breast. We have identified hMLH1 mutations in 2 Amsterdam-criteria HNPCC families where both male and female gene carriers were affected with breast cancer. To investigate whether these breast cancers were caused by other genetic factors, we analyzed the 2 breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. In one family we did not find any mutation in the breast cancer genes, while in the other, a BRCA1 mutation segregated in the breast cancer cases. Hereditary breast cancer, and in particular BRCA1 tumors, display discrete histo-pathological and immunohistological characteristics. The tumor from a woman with both hMLH1 mutations and a BRCA1 mutation exhibited typical BRCA1 histology, e.g., grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma with dense lymphocytic infiltration, and immunohistology, estrogen receptor (ER) negative, progesterone receptor (PgR) negative, strongly p53 positive, c-erbB-2 negative and highly Ki67 positive (>50% stained cells). The histology of the breast tumor from the man with both one hMLH1 mutation and a BRCA1 mutation was a grade 2 invasive ductal carcinoma without any special BRCA1 features. Immunohistology was also different. This might merely reflect a true difference in male breast tumor progression vs. female. We cannot exclude that the combined effect of BRCA1 and hMLH1 dysfunction has a bearing on tumor progression.
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PMID:Germline BRCA1 and HMLH1 mutations in a family with male and female breast carcinoma. 1070 98

Our aim was to compare the occurrence and prognostic significance over 14-20 years of immunocytochemically detected S100A4 and other tumour variables in primary tumours from 349 patients with operable breast cancer. For a cut-off of 1% staining of the malignant cells, the antibody to S100A4 stains positively 56% of the carcinomas. There was a significant association of staining for S100A4 with tumours fixed to the chest wall, staining for c-erbB-2, c-erbB-3, pS2, cathepsin D and, inversely, at borderline levels with staining for estrogen receptor. Using Wilcoxon statistics in univariate analyses, staining for S100A4, nodal status, tumour class, histological grade and staining for c-erbB-2, p53 were associated negatively and staining for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor were associated positively with patient survival times. The survival times of patients with S100A4-negative carcinomas with or without one of the other tumour variables showed no significant differences, whilst those of patients with S100A4-positive carcinomas showed significant differences in a negative or a positive way. Multivariate regression analysis for 137 patients showed that staining for S100A4 is most highly correlated with patient deaths, but involved lymph nodes, fixed tumours, high histological grade and staining for progesterone receptor were also significant independent prognostic variables. Our results suggest that in this set of patients, the tumour variable most tightly correlated with patient death is S100A4.
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PMID:Comparison of the metastasis-inducing protein S100A4 (p9ka) with other prognostic markers in human breast cancer. 1075

Primary mucinous carcinomas of the skin are very rare. To date, 120 cases have been described in the literature. This tumor is a histologic subtype of sweat gland carcinoma. Because of the histopathologic appearance, primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin can be mistaken for metastasis from extracutaneous sites. We report on the cases of two elderly women with mucinous carcinomas arising in the scalp. Immunohistochemical staining of both tumors was positive for low-molecular-weight cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen. Carcinoembryonic antigen was positive in Case 2. Neuroendocrine features represented by neuron-enolase-specific positivity were also observed in both cases, and Grimelius and chromogranin A positivity were observed in Case 2. In both cases, there was strong positivity for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. Image analysis cytometry showed a diploid DNA content with a low rate of proliferative cells and negativity for p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins in agreement with the low aggressiveness of these neoplasms.
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PMID:Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin. 1077 Apr 39

We examined a 34-year-old premenopausal woman who had noticed a left-breast lump a month previously. She had no past history of malignancies but had a family history of breast and ovarian cancers. Her mother had suffered from ovarian cancer when aged 47 years and had died of the disease at age 52. The younger two of the patient's four aunts had developed breast cancer when they were 37 and 48 years old. A physical examination showed an ill-defined mass, 1.5 cm in diameter, located in the upper outer quadrant of the patient's left breast. Mammography revealed diffuse microcalcification in both breasts but ultrasonography revealed an irregular tumorous lesion only in the left breast. Aspiration breast cytology revealed adenocarcinoma of the left breast. Modified radical mastectomy of the left breast and excision of a biopsy specimen from the right breast were carried out simultaneously. Histopathologically the left-breast tumor was an atypical medullary carcinoma with cartilaginous metaplasia, of histological grade 3, and the right-breast specimen showed fibrocystic changes with atypical ductal hyperplasia. Estrogen receptors were positive, but progesterone receptor was not detected on the tumor cells, which were immunopositive for nuclear p53 although c-erbB-2 overexpression was not observed. A nonsense germline mutation of the BRCA1 gene (exon5) was detected. The patient has been well since the operation (10 months). These findings may provide useful information about the carcinogenesis and biological behavior of BRCA1-associated breast cancers.
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PMID:Atypical medullary carcinoma of the breast with cartilaginous metaplasia in a patient with a BRCA1 germline mutation. 1077 May 66

17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17 beta-HSDs) are involved in the interconversion of biologically active and inactive sex steroids and are considered to play important roles in the in situ metabolism of estrogen in various estrogen dependent tissues. 17 beta-HSD type 1 catalyzes primarily the reduction of estrone (E1) to estradiol (E2), whereas 17 beta-HSD type 2 catalyzes primarily the oxidation of E2 to E1. However, the possible biological roles of these estrogen metabolizing isozymes in human breast cancer, especially in carcinogenesis of the human breast, have not been examined in detail. Because of the potential roles of estrogens in the early stages of human breast carcinogenesis, we have examined the immunolocalization of 17 beta-HSD type 1 and type 2 isozymes and estrogen receptor alpha(ER alpha) in both normal human breast tissue and in breast cancers, including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), proliferative disease without atypia (PDWA) or fibrocystic disease and atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH). We also correlated these findings with clinicopathological findings, Ki67 antigen, progesterone receptor (PR), c-erbB-2, and p53. 17 beta-HSD type 2 immunoreactivity was sporadically detected in non-proliferative or Ki67 negative ductal epithelia of normal breast, but rarely in breast carcinoma cells. 17 beta-HSD type 1 immunoreactivity was detected in 12/22 (54.5%) PDWA cases, 8/26 (30.8%) ADH cases, and 25/40 (62.5%) DCIS cases, respectively. 17 beta-HSD type 1 immunoreactivity was not statistically correlated with the age of the patients, Ki67 labeling index (LI), and PR LI, p-53 and c-erbB-2 immunoreactivity. There was no significant correlation between ER alpha LI and 17 beta-HSD type 1 immunoreactivity. There was a positive correlation between ER alpha and Ki67 LI in PDWA, whereas a negative correlation was detected between ER alpha and Ki67 LI in DCIS. There was no correlation between ER alpha and Ki67 LI in ADH. These results suggest that in human breast epithelial cells, development of ADH and DCIS may be associated with the loss and/or deviation of oestrogen dependent regulation of cell proliferation.
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PMID:17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and type 2 in ductal carcinoma in situ and intraductal proliferative lesions of the human breast. 1081 Apr 3

The prognostic role of ploidy status, S phase fraction, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, and the expression of p53 and erbB-2 protein in male breast carcinoma (MBC) remains controversial. The primary objective of this study was to determine which of the common prognostic factors for female breast cancer predict prognosis in MBC. A secondary objective was to assess the impact of comorbid illnesses on survival. A retrospective review of demographic data, surgical treatment, pathological staging, adjuvant treatment and follow-up was completed for 16 patients with MBC (1 intraductal and 15 invasive). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was processed for ploidy, S phase fraction, and immunohistochemical detection of estrogen and progesterone receptors plus expression of p53 and erbB-2 protein. Six of 15 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma are currently alive without evidence of disease and a median survival of 61 months. Nine patients died after a median survival of 52 months, with 6 patients having no evidence of recurrent breast cancer. Two of 3 deaths secondary to advanced breast cancer occurred in patients who initially presented with T4 lesions and were staged IIIB. Two of 15 tumors were erbB-2 positive, whereas only 1 tested weakly positive for p53 protein. We observed that MBCs express erbB-2 and p53 proteins infrequently. Neither ploidy status, S phase fraction, nor erbB-2/p53 status provided any apparent improvement in establishing prognosis beyond routine pathological staging. Advanced TNM stage was associated with diminished survival. The majority of MBCs express estrogen and progesterone receptors. Survivals in MBC were reduced in association with comorbid medical conditions.
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PMID:Prognostic variables in male breast cancer. 1082 54


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