Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04179 (MnSOD)
 2,777 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prolonged exposure to hyperoxia induces pulmonary epithelial cell death and acute lung injury. Although both apoptotic and nonapoptotic morphologies are observed in hyperoxic animal lungs, nonapoptotic cell death had only been recorded in transformed lung epithelium cultured in hyperoxia. To test whether the nonapoptotic characteristics in hyperoxic animal lungs are direct effects of hyperoxia, the mode of cell death was determined both morphologically and biochemically in human primary lung epithelium exposed to 95% O(2). In contrast to characteristics observed in apoptotic cells, hyperoxia induced swelling of nuclei and an increase in cell size, with no evidence for any augmentation in the levels of either caspase-3 activity or annexin V incorporation. These data suggest that hyperoxia can directly induce nonapoptotic cell death in primary lung epithelium. Although hyperoxia-induced nonapoptotic cell death was associated with NF-kappaB activation, it is unknown whether NF-kappaB activation plays any causal role in nonapoptotic cell death. This study shows that inhibition of NF-kappaB activation can accelerate hyperoxia-induced epithelial cell death in both primary and transformed lung epithelium. Corresponding to the reduced cell survival in hyperoxia, the levels of MnSOD were also low in NF-kappaB-deficient cells. These results demonstrate that NF-kappaB protects lung epithelial cells from hyperoxia-induced nonapoptotic cell death.
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PMID:NF-kappaB protects lung epithelium against hyperoxia-induced nonapoptotic cell death-oncosis. 1547 18

During atresia of bovine follicles, granulosa cells are lost through the controlled form of cell death, apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to characterize the regulation of apoptotic death of granulosa cells in dominant bovine follicles during the first wave of follicular development. Dominant follicles were collected from Holstein heifers on days 4, 6 or 8 of the first follicular wave (n = 5/day). Regulation of apoptosis in granulosa cells was examined by annexin V and propidium iodide staining; measurement of relative levels of mRNA encoding Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bax; and activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9. Steady-state levels of mRNA encoding four oxidative stress-response proteins were determined. Compared with day 4, the incidence of apoptotic and nonviable granulosa cells tended to increase on day 6, and numbers of nonviable cells were higher on day 8. The ratios of relative levels of mRNA encoding Bcl-2 to Bax and Bcl-xL to Bax were higher on day 6 than days 4 and 8. Activity of caspases-3 and -9 in granulosa cells did not change among the 3 days, while caspase-8 activity decreased on day 8 compared with days 4 and 6. Amounts of GSHPx, MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD mRNA in granulosa cells were higher on day 8 than day 6. In theca interna, amounts of Cu/ZnSOD mRNA decreased between days 4 and 6. From the decreased production of estradiol and increased numbers of apoptotic and nonviable granulosa cells, we conclude that atresia of the dominant follicle is initiated between days 4 and 6 of the first follicular wave. However, apoptosis of granulosa cells does not appear to be initiated by changes in expression of oxidative stress-response proteins.
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PMID:Regulation of apoptosis in the atresia of dominant bovine follicles of the first follicular wave following ovulation. 1598 33

T-2 toxin is one of the type A trichothecene mycotoxins that is considered to be the most toxic of the trichothecenes. T-2 toxin has been shown to exert various toxic effects in farm animals and humans, as it induces lesions in the brain and in lymphoid, hematopoietic, and gastrointestinal tissues. HT-2 toxin is the major metabolite of T-2 toxin. There is little information regarding the effects of HT-2 toxin on the female reproductive system, particularly oocyte maturation. Thus, in this study, we investigated the toxic effects of HT-2 on mouse oocyte maturation and its possible mechanisms of action. HT-2 toxin exposure disrupted oocyte maturation, reduced actin expression in both the oocyte cortex and cytoplasm, and disrupted meiotic spindle morphology by reducing p-MAPK protein level. HT-2 toxin exposure also induced oxidative stress and resulted in oocyte apoptosis, as shown by ROS accumulation, increased SOD mRNA level, and the expression of the early apoptosis marker Annexin V and increased caspase-3 and bax mRNA levels. Additionally, HT-2 toxin exposure increased LC3 and ATG12 protein levels and lc3 and atg14 mRNA levels, which indicated that HT-2 toxin induced autophagy in mouse oocytes. We also examined for possible epigenetic modifications. Fluorescence intensity analysis showed that 5mC level increased after HT-2 toxin exposure, whereas H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 levels decreased after HT-2 toxin exposure, which indicated that DNA and histone methylations were altered. Thus, our results indicated that HT-2 toxin exposure reduced mouse oocyte maturation capability by affecting cytoskeletal dynamics, apoptosis/autophagy, oxidative stress, and epigenetic modifications.
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PMID:Toxic effects of HT-2 toxin on mouse oocytes and its possible mechanisms. 2613 83