Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04179 (MnSOD)
 2,777 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) from anaerobically maintained Porphyromonas gingivalis (anaero-SOD) has the characteristic of Fe-SOD, whereas SOD from aerated cells (aero-SOD) has that of Mn-SOD. However, both types of apoSOD can bind either Fe or Mn. To elucidate the structure relationship between anaero- and aero-SOD, we examined the amino acid sequence of aero-SOD by direct protein analysis. The amino acid sequence of aero-SOD was shown to be identical with that of anaero-SOD determined previously. Our findings support the hypothesis that cambialistic SOD is formed from a single apoprotein in bacterial cells.
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PMID:Identity of amino acid sequences of superoxide dismutase purified from both anaerobically maintained and aerated Porphyromonas gingivalis. 133 4

Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Fe-SOD were isolated from Methylomonas J, an aerobic methylotrophic bacterium, grown in methylamine media containing either manganese (Mn-rich medium) or iron (Fe-rich medium), respectively. The specific activity of the Mn-SOD was 2250 units mg-1 (mol of Mn)-1 (mol of dimer)-1, and the metal content of the enzyme was 0.98 mol of Mn and 0.12 mol of Fe per mole of dimer, while those of Fe-SOD were 88.5 units mg-1 (mol of Fe)-1 (mol of dimer)-1 and 1.04 mol of Fe and 0.02 mol of Mn. The electrophoretic mobilities in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, with or without urea, and the chromatographic behavior on an HPLC column using an octadodecyl silicated column and a gel permeation column were identical. Amino acid compositions were practically indistinguishable in both SODs. The enzyme activity was restored by dialysis of an apoprotein obtained from the Mn-enzyme with either manganese sulfate or ferrous ammonium sulfate up to an activity level similar to that for the native Mn-SOD and the native Fe-SOD, respectively. The same result has been reported with the reconstitution using an apoprotein obtained from the Fe-enzyme [Yamakura, F., Matsumoto, T., & Terauchi, K. (1990) Free Radical Res. Commun. (in press)]. These results suggest the possibility that both types of SODs are composed of a single apoprotein synthesized in cells grown in either the Fe-rich medium or the Mn-rich medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Iron- and manganese-containing superoxide dismutases from Methylomonas J: identity of the protein moiety and amino acid sequence. 184 99

Cultures of Methylomonas J, an aerobic methylotrophic bacterium, were grown both in Mn-rich and Fe-rich media. Crude extracts of the cultures from the Mn-rich and Fe-rich medium showed a specific activity of 12.2 and 0.6 units/mg by a cytochrome c-xanthine oxidase method and 19.4 and 1.3 units/mg by an ESR method, respectively. We isolated Mn-SOD and Fe-SOD from the bacteria grown in the Mn-rich and Fe-rich mediums, respectively. Specific activity and metal contents of the Mn-enzyme were 2,250 units/mg/g-atom Mn and Mn = 0.98 and Fe = 0.12 (g-atoms/mol dimer), while those of the Fe-enzyme were 61 units/mg/g-atom Fe and Mn = 0.02 and Fe = 1.08. No difference of physicochemical properties of the Fe- and Mn-enzymes were detected. Furthermore, enzyme activity was restored by dialysis of an apoprotein obtained from the Fe-enzyme with either manganese sulfate or ferrous ammonium sulfate.
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PMID:Isolation of Mn-SOD and low active Fe-SOD from Methylomonas J; consisting of identical proteins. 190 19

Several strains of Bacteroides gingivalis had strong activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and were markedly tolerant in the presence of oxygen in 13 strains of black-pigmented Bacteroides species tested. Thus, the strains were maintained and incubated in the either anaerobic or aerobic system. It was found that the SOD activity was significantly induced by oxygen, especially in B. gingivalis 381. The SODs, anaero-SOD and aero-SOD from the extracts of B. gingivalis 381 cells, each was purified by hydrophobic chromatography followed by anion exchange chromatography, and then by gel filtration, respectively. Both the purified enzymes having molecular weight of about 46,000 consisted of two subunits of equal sizes. Spectral analysis revealed that anaero-SOD had the characteristic A350 of Fe-SOD, but aero-SOD exhibited A475 of Mn-SOD. Both samples contained three isozymes with identical isoelectric points of 5.25, 5.10 and 5.00. On the basis of inactivation of SOD by H2O2, it was shown that aero-SOD consisted of one Mn-SOD and a small quantity of two Fe-SODs, whereas anaero-SOD contained only Fe-SOD. To ascertain whether or not the apoprotein of aero-SOD is the same as that of anaero-SOD, each apoprotein was prepared by dialysis in guanidinium chloride plus 8-hydroxyquinoline. Only one protein band with the same isoelectric point of 5.30 on an isoelectric focusing gel was obtained in each purified SOD sample. Subsequent reconstitution of both apoenzymes with either Fe (NH4)2 (SO4)2 or MnCl2 significantly restored their activity. These reconstituted SODs showed only one protein band with SOD activity on Native-PAGE. The complete amino acid sequence of anaero-SOD was determined by automated Edman degradation of the protein, Achrombacter protease I, endoproteinase Asp-N and tryptic digestion. The sequence consisted of 191 residues corresponding to a molecular weight of 21,500 per subunit. Furthermore, the first 36 amino acid sequence of aero-SOD was determined following N-terminal analysis. The two enzymes had similar amino acid compositions, and their amino-terminal sequences were identical through the first 36 amino acids in which methionine residue was present at N-terminal. These results suggest the three isozymes of either anaero-SOD or aero-SOD in B. gingivalis 381 may be formed from the same apoprotein.
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PMID:[Purification, characterization and induction by oxygen of superoxide dismutase from Bacteroides gingivalis 381]. 196 94

Bacteroides fragilis, an obligate anaerobe, synthesizes an azide-inhibitable iron-containing superoxide dismutase when grown in complex medium. Cells grown anaerobically in complex media containing desferrioxamine (Desferal, Ciba-Geigy) and graded concentrations of Mn synthesize the azide-resistant manganese-containing SOD. The fraction of MnSOD activity in dialyzed cell extracts increased progressively as the Mn concentration in the medium increased. The fraction of MnSOD activity also increased in extracts of cells grown in the medium with 1 mM Mn but with graded concentrations of desferrioxamine (0-10 micromolar). The SOD activity in the cells grown under the various conditions varied but not in a causal relationship with either Mn or desferrioxamine concentration. Electrophoresis revealed that the SOD activity in cells grown in the absence or presence of 1 mM Mn migrated with the same relative mobility and exhibited identical activity patterns when examined separately or as a mixture. These data are consistent with substitution of Mn for Fe in the B. fragilis apoprotein under anaerobic conditions and support the model of a single protein binding either Fe or Mn.
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PMID:In vivo metal substitution in Bacteroides fragilis superoxide dismutase. 207 Oct 36

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) were purified from extracts of either anaerobically maintained or aerated Bacteroides gingivalis. Each purified enzyme (molecular weight, 46,000) was a dimer composed of two subunits of equal sizes. SOD from anaerobically maintained cells (anaero-SOD) contained 1.79 g-atom of Fe and 0.28 g-atom of Mn, and SOD from aerated cells (aero-SOD) contained 1.08 g-atom of Mn and 0.36 g-atom of Fe. Spectral analysis showed that anaero-SOD had the characteristic of Fe-SOD and that aero-SOD had that of Mn-SOD. Both enzyme preparations contained three isozymes with identical isoelectric points. On the basis of inactivation of SOD by H2O2, it was found that aero-SOD consisted of one Mn-SOD and a small quantity of two Fe-SODs, whereas anaero-SOD contained only Fe-SOD. However, each apoprotein from anaero-SOD and aero-SOD, prepared by dialysis in guanidinium chloride plus 8-hydroxyquinoline, showed only one protein band each with the same isoelectric point on an isoelectric focusing gel. Subsequent dialysis of both apoenzymes with either MnCl2 or Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 restored the activity. These reconstituted SODs showed only one protein band with SOD activity on native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the two enzymes had similar amino acid compositions, and their amino-terminal sequences were identical through the first 12 amino acids. These results suggest that the three isozymes of anaero-SOD and aero-SOD in B. gingivalis are formed from a single apoprotein.
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PMID:Characterization of superoxide dismutases purified from either anaerobically maintained or aerated Bacteroides gingivalis. 230 56

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) from extracts of anaerobically maintained Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was a dimer of equally sized 23,000-molecular-weight monomers joined noncovalently. A preparation with a specific activity of 1,200 U/mg contained 1.1 g-atom of Fe, 0.6 g-atom of Zn, and less than 0.05 g-atom of Mn per mol of dimer. The apoprotein, prepared by dialysis of iron-SOD in 5 M guanidinium chloride-20 mM 8-hydroxyquinoline, had no superoxide-scavenging activity when renatured without exogenous metal. Enzymatic activity was restored to the denatured apoprotein by dialysis against either 1 mM Fe(NH4)2 or 1 mM MnCl2 in 20 mM Tris (pH 7.0). The Fe-reconstituted enzyme and the native enzyme were inhibited approximately 50% by 0.2 mM NaN3, whereas the Mn-reconstituted enzyme was inhibited 60% by 10 mM NaN3. Aeration of the anaerobic cells resulted in a fourfold induction of an azide-resistant SOD. The enzyme (43,000 molecular weight) isolated from aerated cells was a dimer of equally sized subunits. The metal content was 1.0 g-atom of Mn, 0.55 g-atom of Fe, and 0.3 g-atom of Zn per mol of dimer. Enzymatic activity of the denatured apoprotein from this enzyme was also restored on addition of either iron or manganese. The constitutive Fe-SOD and the O2-induced Mn-SOD, tested alone and in combination, migrated identically on acrylamide gels, had similar amino acid compositions, and had alanine as the sole N-terminal amino acid. These data are consistent with the synthesis of a single apoprotein in either anaerobically maintained or oxygenated cells. We have observed a similar phenomenon with SOD from Bacteroides fragilis (E. M. Gregory, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 238:83-89, 1985).
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PMID:Isolation and reconstitution of iron- and manganese-containing superoxide dismutases from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. 370 Mar 36

We examined the effects of clofibric acid, a peroxisome proliferator, on the production of superoxide radicals, on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and on the expression of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in the human HepG2 hepatoma cell line. To this end, HepG2 cells were treated for 1 or 5 days with 0.25, 0.50, or 0.75 mM clofibric acid. The production of superoxide radicals was only enhanced in HepG2 cells exposed for 5 days to the different clofibric acid concentrations. However, this overproduction of superoxide radicals was not accompanied by increased rates of lipid peroxidation, as the MDA and 4-HNE levels did not change significantly. Manganese (Mn) SOD activity was increased when HepG2 cells were treated for 1 day with 0.50 or 0.75 mM clofibric acid. For this duration of treatment, no change was observed in total SOD and copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) SOD activities. For a 5-day treatment, total SOD and MnSOD activities as well as the enzyme apoprotein and MnSOD mRNA levels increased whatever the clofibric acid concentration used. This transcriptional induction of the MnSOD gene was correlated with an activation of the activator protein-1 transcription factor for 1 and 5 days of treatment, but was independent of nuclear factor-kappa B and of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. On the other hand, the PP exerted very little effect if any on Cu,ZnSOD expression. In contrast to rodent data, PP treatment of human hepatoma cells induces MnSOD expression.
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PMID:Effects of the peroxisome proliferator clofibric acid on superoxide dismutase expression in the human HepG2 hepatoma cell line. 1050 55

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum (a facultative aerobe) has been cloned and expressed in a mesophilic host (Escherichia coli) as a soluble tetrameric apoprotein. The purified apoprotein can be reconstituted with either Mn or Fe by heating the protein with the appropriate metal salt at an elevated temperature (95 degrees C). Both Mn- and Fe-reconstituted P. aerophilum SOD exhibit superoxide dismutase activity, with the Mn-containing enzyme having the higher activity. P. aerophilum SOD is extremely thermostable and the reconstitution with Mn(II) can be performed in an autoclave (122 degrees C, 18 psi). The Mn(III) optical absorption spectrum of Mn-reconstituted P. aerophilum SOD is distinct from that of most other MnSODs and is unchanged upon addition of NaN3. The optical absorption spectrum of Fe-reconstituted P. aerophilum SOD is typical of Fe-substituted MnSODs and authentic FeSOD and exhibits a pH-dependent transition with an effective pKa value higher than that found for Fe-substituted MnSOD from either E. coli or Thermus spp. Amino acid sequence analysis shows that the P. aerophilum SOD is closely related to SODs from other hyperthermophilic archaea (Aeropyrum pernix and Sulfolobus spp.), forming a family of enzymes distinct from the hyperthermophilic bacterial SOD from Aquifex pyrophilus and from mesophilic SODs.
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PMID:Recombinant superoxide dismutase from a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrobaculum aerophilium. 1090 51

The markers of the bioavailability of NO (endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine and cyclic GMP content) in the thoracic aorta of apolipoprotein-E-deficient (ApoE KO) mice, 20 weeks old with enriched cholesterol diet or 35 weeks old on regular chow, are not decreased, in contrast with other models of atherosclerosis. However, severe hypercholesterolemia, the presence of atherosclerotic lesions and increased NADPH oxidase activity have been reported as early as at 20 weeks of age. The present experiments were designed to test if an increased capacity of NO production in these mice explains this paradox. The expressions of the 3 isoforms of NO synthase (NOS) were compared in ApoE KO and C57Bl/6J mice using Western blot and localized by immunohistochemistry. No adaptive increase in the expression of NOS was detected in ApoE KO mice. NO bioavailability could also be preserved by upregulation of enzymes involved in redox status such as CuZn or Mn superoxide dismutase and catalase. However, these enzymes were less expressed in ApoE KO mice than in control mice. These results highlight that ApoE KO mice represent an atypical model of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Persistence of the nitric oxide pathway in the aorta of hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. 1280 44


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