Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04179 (MnSOD)
 2,777 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The iron-containing superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD) of Ralstonia metallidurans CH34 was purified and characterised as a homodimer of 2 x 21500 Da containing one iron atom per monomer and exhibiting all the characteristics of the prokaryotic Fe-SODs except for a higher isoelectric point. The protein was 2-fold overexpressed in the presence of selenite, zinc or paraquat. R. metallidurans CH34 was suggested to contain a gene encoding for a manganese-containing SOD located in the inducible chromate resistance operon. Whatever the culture conditions used in this study, including the presence of chromate, only a Fe-SOD, genetically distinct from the putative Mn-SOD, was detected. This Fe-SOD seems to be the only active superoxide dismutase expressed in R. metallidurans CH34.
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PMID:The iron-containing superoxide dismutase of Ralstonia metallidurans CH34. 1202 89

The stable Cr(VI)-tolerant chr1-66T mutant of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which carries one simple gene mutation responsible for Cr(VI) tolerance, accumulated and reduced the chromate anion (CrO(4)(2-)) significantly more slowly than did its parental strain 6chr(+). The mutant chr1-66T proved to be sensitive to oxidative stressors such as H(2)O(2), menadione, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and Cd(2+). Both the Cr(VI) tolerance and the oxidative stress sensitivity were attributed to a decreased specific glutathione reductase activity. These effects were also enhanced with a decrease in the specific mitochondrial Mn-SOD activity.
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PMID:Chromate tolerance caused by reduced hydroxyl radical production and decreased glutathione reductase activity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 1274 51

Intestinal mucosal damage in the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) involves reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs). ROMs are neutralized by endogenous antioxidant enzymes in a carefully balanced two-step pathway. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) convert superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), which is subsequently neutralized to water by catalase (CAT) or glutathione peroxidase (GPO). Remarkably changed expression levels of the three isoforms of SOD in paired non-inflamed and inflamed mucosae from CD and UC patients have been previously reported in comparison to normal control mucosa. Most notable was the strong up-regulation of Mn-SOD in inflamed epithelium. It was hypothesized that in order to provide optimal protection against ROM-mediated damage, these changes should be coordinately counterbalanced by an increased H(2)O(2)-neutralizing capacity. Therefore, the same tissue samples were used to assess the levels, activities, and/or localization of the most prominent mucosal H(2)O(2)-related antioxidants CAT, GPO, glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and metallothionein (MT). Quantitative measurements showed that in both CD and UC patients, intestinal inflammation was associated with increased activities of CAT, GPO, and MPO, whereas the mucosal GSH content was unaffected and the concentration of MT was decreased. Despite this overall increase in mucosal H(2)O(2)-metabolizing enzyme capacity, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a differentially disturbed antioxidant balance in IBD epithelium and lamina propria. In the lamina propria, the risk of direct H(2)O(2)-mediated damage seemed to be restrained by the increasing numbers of CAT- and MPO-positive monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils that infiltrated the inflamed areas. On the other hand, MPO overexpression might increase the lamina propria levels of hypochlorous acid, a stable ROM with multiple pro-inflammatory effects. In the epithelium, the number of cells that expressed CAT remained unchanged during inflammation and GPO was found in only a very low and constant number of epithelial cells. In addition, the inflamed epithelium displayed decreased expression of the hydroxyl radical (OH(*)) scavenger MT. In view of the high epithelial SOD levels in inflamed IBD epithelium, it is speculated that the efficient removal of excess H(2)O(2) is hampered in these cells, thereby increasing not only the risk of detrimental effects of H(2)O(2) directly, but also those of its extremely reactive derivatives such as OH(*). Taken together, the results suggest an imbalanced and inefficient endogenous antioxidant response in the intestinal mucosa of IBD patients, which may contribute to both the pathogenesis and the perpetuation of the inflammatory processes.
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PMID:Imbalanced secondary mucosal antioxidant response in inflammatory bowel disease. 1295 13

The proximate cause of cancer cell death by radiation therapy and a number of therapeutic agents is through generation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in DNA damage as well as mitochondrial membrane disruption, triggering the apoptotic cascade. Because mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase catalyzes conversion of superoxide radicals to H(2)O(2), with catalase neutralizing H(2)O(2) and myeloperoxidase converting H(2)O(2) to highly reactive hypochlorous acid, we hypothesized that gene variants could impact the efficacy of treatment for breast cancer and improve survival. Women who were treated with radiation and/or chemotherapy for incident breast cancer at the Arkansas Cancer Research Center from 1985 to 1996 were identified. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded normal tissue (n = 279), and MnSOD, CAT, and MPO genotypes were determined using mass spectrometry. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age, race, stage with node status, and estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status. Women who were homozygous for MPO G alleles, associated with increased transcription, had better survival (hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.95; P = 0.03) than those with common alleles. Both CAT TT and MnSOD CC genotypes were associated with nonsignificant reduced hazard of death. When we combined genotypes associated with higher levels of reactive oxygen species for MnSOD and MPO, women with MnSOD CC and MPO GG genotypes had a 3-fold decrease in hazard of death (hazard ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.80; P = 0.01). These data indicate that gene variants that impact oxidative stress modify prognosis after treatment for breast cancer.
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PMID:Polymorphisms in genes related to oxidative stress (MPO, MnSOD, CAT) and survival after treatment for breast cancer. 1570 13