Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P04179 (MnSOD)
 2,777 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Superoxide dismutases are an ubiquitous family of enzymes that function to efficiently catalyze the dismutation of superoxide anions. Two unique and highly compartmentalized bay scallop Argopecten irradians superoxide dismutases: MnSOD and ecCuZnSOD, have been molecularly characterized in our previous study. To complete characterize the SOD family in A. irradians, a novel intracellular copper/zinc SOD from the A. irradians (Ai-icCuZnSOD) was obtained and characterized. The full-length cDNA of Ai-icCuZnSOD was 1047 bp with a 459 bp open reading frame encoding 152 amino acids. The genomic length of the Ai-icCuZnSOD gene was about 4279 bp containing 4 exons and 3 introns. The promoter region containing many putative transcription factor binding sites were analyzed. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that the highest expression of the Ai-icCuZnSOD was detected in gill and the expression profiles in hemocytes of bay scallops challenged with bacteria Vibrio anguillarum and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were different. The result presented an increased expression after injection with LPS whereas no significant changes were observed after V. anguillarum injection. A fusion protein containing Ai-icCuZnSOD was produced in vitro. The rAi-icCuZnSOD is a stable enzyme, retaining more than 80% of its activity between 10 and 60 degrees C and keeping above 88% of its activity at pH values between 5.8 and 9. Ai-icCuZnSOD is more stable under alkaline than acidic conditions.
 ...
PMID:Intracellular copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from bay scallop Argopecten irradians: its gene structure, mRNA expression and recombinant protein. 1942 8

Abacavir (ABC) is a guanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with potent antiretroviral activity. Since NRTIs exhibit tissue-specific inhibition of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) synthesis, the ability of ABC to inhibit mtDNA synthesis in vivo was evaluated. Inbred wild-type (WT) and transgenic mice (TG) treated with ABC (3.125 mg/d p. o., 35 days) were used to define mitochondrial oxidative stress and cardiac function. Chosen TGs exhibited overexpression of HIV-1 viral proteins (NL4-3Deltagag/pol, non-replication competent), hemizygous depletion or overexpression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2(+/-) knock-out (KO) or MnSOD OX, respectively), overexpression of mitochondrially targeted catalase (MCAT), or double "knockout" deletion of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH2 KO). Impact on mtDNA synthesis was assessed by comparing changes in mtDNA abundance between ABC-treated and vehicle-treated WTs and TGs. No changes in mtDNA abundance occurred from ABC treatment in any mice, suggesting no inhibition of mtDNA synthesis. Left ventricle (LV) mass and LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) were defined echocardiographically and remained unchanged as well. These results indicate that treatment with ABC has no visible cardiotoxicity in these adult mice exposed for 5 weeks compared to findings with other antiretroviral NRTI studies and support some claims for its relative safety.
 ...
PMID:Absence of mitochondrial toxicity in hearts of transgenic mice treated with abacavir. 2037 2

Mitochondrial functions are potential targets of abiotic stresses that are major environmental factors limiting plant development and productivity. To evaluate mitochondrial responses to abiotic stresses we studied mitochondrial transcriptome profiles at the early stages of wheat development after imbibition under normal and induced stress conditions. Three stresses given were low temperature (4 degrees C), high salinity (0.2 M NaCl) and high osmotic potential (0.3 M mannitol). All these stresses greatly reduced growth but dramatically increased respiration both via the cytochrome and alternative pathways. Macroarray analysis of the mitochondrial transcriptome revealed that most of the changes in transcript levels were stress specific but groups of genes responded commonly to different stresses. Under 3-days continuous stresses, 13 genes showed low temperature specific responses with either up- or down-regulation, while 14 and 23 genes showed responses specific to high salinity and high osmotic potential, respectively. On the other hand, 13 genes showed common responses, among which cob and ccmFn increased their transcript levels while transcripts of the other genes including nad6, atp4 and atp9 decreased. The differential profiles of mitochondrial transcriptome revealed by the macroarray analysis were verified by the quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR analysis. Taken together, three among five nuclear-encoded mitochondria-targeted genes included in the array showed decreases under the stresses, while MnSOD and AOX increased their transcript amounts. Our results indicated the existence of common and different regulatory mechanisms that can sense different abiotic stresses and modulate both nuclear and mitochondrial gene expression in germinating wheat embryos and seedlings.
 ...
PMID:Profiling of mitochondrial transcriptome in germinating wheat embryos and seedlings subjected to cold, salinity and osmotic stresses. 2041 Jun 63

Summary Adopting the sequencing of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of a sugarcane database derived from libraries induced and not induced by pathogens, we identified EST clusters homologous to genes corresponding to enzymes involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. The predicted amino acids of these enzymes are superoxide dismutases (SODs), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalases. Three MnSOD mitochondrial precursors and 10 CuZnSOD were identified in sugarcane: the MnSOD mitochondrial precursor is 96% similar to the maize MnSOD mitochondrial precursor and, of the 10 CuZnSOD identified, seven were 98% identical to maize cytosolic CuZnSOD4 and one was 67% identical to putative peroxisomal CuZnSOD from Arabidopsis. Three homologues to class Phi GST were 87-88% identical to GST III from maize. Five GPX homologues were identified: three were homologous to cytosolic GPX from barley, one was 88% identical to phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX) from rice, and the last was 71% identical to GPX from A. thaliana. Three enzymes similar to maize catalase were identified in sugarcane: two were similar to catalase isozyme 3 and catalase chain 3 from maize, which are mitochondrial, and one was similar to catalase isozyme 1 from maize, whose location is peroxisomal subcellular. All enzymes were induced in all sugarcane libraries (flower, seed, root, callus, leaves) and also in the pathogen-induced libraries, except for CuZnSOD whose cDNA was detected in none of the libraries induced by pathogens (Acetobacter diazotroficans and Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans). The expression of the enzymes SOD, GST, GPX, and catalases involved in the detoxification was examined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in cDNA from leaves of sugarcane under biotic stress conditions, inoculated with Puccinia melanocephala, the causal agent of sugarcane rust disease.
 ...
PMID:Mining the enzymes involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sugarcane. 2056 32

Antioxidants in the male reproductive tract are the main defence factors against oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species production, which compromises sperm function and male fertility. This study was designed to determine the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in the testicular and epididymidal tissues of adult male European bison (Bison bonasus). The reproductive tract tissues were subjected to real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis to quantify mRNA expression levels of five antioxidant enzymes: copper/zinc SOD (Cu/Zn SOD), secretory extracellular SOD (Ec-SOD), CAT, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) and GPx5. The corpus and cauda epididymidal tissues displayed greater (p < 0.05) SOD activity compared with the testicular tissue. It was found that CAT activity was lowest (p < 0.05) in the cauda epididymidis, whereas negligible GPx activity was detected in the reproductive tract tissues. There were no detectable differences in the mRNA expression level of Cu/Zn SOD among the different reproductive tract tissues. Small amounts of Ec-SOD mRNA were found in the reproductive tract, particularly in the epididymides. The caput and cauda epididymides exhibited greater (p < 0.05) level of CAT mRNA expression, whereas PHGPx mRNA was more (p < 0.05) expressed in the testis. Furthermore, extremely large amounts of GPx5 mRNA were detected in the caput epididymidal tissue compared with other tissues of the reproductive tract. It can be suggested that the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and the relative gene expression of the enzymes confirm the presence of tissue-specific antioxidant defence systems in the bison reproductive tract, which are required for spermatogenesis, epididymal maturation and storage of spermatozoa.
 ...
PMID:Antioxidant enzyme activity and mRNA expression in reproductive tract of adult male European Bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus 1758). 2245 32

The telomerase complex and Telosome regulate, maintenance and repair telomeres. The telomerase complex is formed by complex of protein (TERT, Dyskerin, GAR, NHP2, NOP10) and nucleic acid (TERC) that together work as a reverse transcriptase. The Telosoma comprises a network of protein (TRF2, TRF1, TIN2, RAP1, TPP1 and POT1). Furthermore, dyskeratosis congenita (DC) (ORPHA1775) is a rare disease with similar characteristics to premature aging. DC is a genetically heterogeneous disease caused by mutations in the genes that encoding for different subunits of the telomerase complex and Telosome. It is known that the telomeric DNA is susceptible to oxidative stress, and telomerase activity dependent cellular redox environment. Recently a correlation between telomerase activity and catalase activity was established, and it has suggested a role of antioxidant extranuclear telomerase. However, it is not yet clear whether there is any relationship or connection between molecular telomerase activity and cellular antioxidant defense. In this paper, by using the technology of RNA interference (siRNA) silencing DKC1, NOP10 genes of telomerase complex and TINF2 of Telosoma in HeLa cells, on cellular antioxidant capacity will be presented. It was intended to see if there is a cellular effect related to the production of oxidative stress or alteration of antioxidant systems after silencing these components involved in telomere maintenance. In this paper we have evaluated the levels of DKC1, NOP10, TINF2 levels of antioxidant enzymes (CuZnSOD, MnSOD, Catalase, Gpx1, Grx1 and Trx1) by RT- qPCR and Western blotting. We analyzed the production of reactive oxygen species by fluorimetry and also assessed the activity of the telomerase complex by Sybr Green RT- QTrap.
...
PMID:Characterization of the antioxidant systems in different complementation groups of Dyskeratosis Congenita. 2646 48


<< Previous 1 2