Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04179 (MnSOD)
 2,777 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of growing pea plants with 50 microM CdCl2 on the activated oxygen metabolism was studied at subcellular level in peroxisomes isolated from pea leaves. Cadmium treatment produced proliferation of peroxisomes as well as an increase in the content of H2O2 in peroxisomes from pea leaves, but in peroxisomal membranes no significant effect on the NADH-dependent O2*- production was observed. The rate of lipid peroxidation of membranes was slightly decreased in peroxisomes from Cd-treated plants. This could be due to the Cd-induced increase in the activity of some antioxidative enzymes involved in H2O2 removal, mainly ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, as well as the NADP-dependent dehydrogenases present in these organelles. The activity of xanthine oxidase did not experiment changes by Cd treatment and this suggests that O2*- production in the peroxisomal matrix is not involved in Cd toxicity. This was supported by the absence of changes in plants treated with Cd in the Mn-SOD activity, responsible for O2*- removal in the peroxisomal matrix. Results obtained indicate that toxic Cd levels induce imbalances in the activated oxygen metabolism of pea leaf peroxisomes, but its main effect is an enhancement of the H2O2 concentration of these organelles. Peroxisomes respond to Cd toxicity by increasing the activity of antioxidative enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and the NADP-dependent dehydrogenases located in these organelles.
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PMID:Cadmium toxicity and oxidative metabolism of pea leaf peroxisomes. 1069 37

In order to investigate the existence of genetic variability in antioxidant enzyme defenses in sunflower, twelve inbred lines, six cytoplasmic male-sterile and six restorer lines, commonly used in breeding programs have been compared with respect to (a) their levels of constitutive superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) and guaiacol-dependent peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.7), and (b) their isoenzyme polymorphism in SOD, CAT, and GPX activities. Constitutive levels of antioxidant enzymes in the 2nd leaf pair of 15-20-day-old sunflower plants showed significant differences between lines. The ranges of variation in enzyme activities of the different lines were equivalent to 34.3% (CAT), 38.2% (SOD), 59.5% (APX), 60.0% (GR), and 62.9% (GPX) of the respective maximal values. Isoenzyme profiles of CAT, GPX and SOD revealed the existence in sunflower of at least three, six and four isoforms of these enzymes, respectively. Further characterization of SOD isoenzymes revealed that no isoenzyme corresponded to a Mn-SOD, the faster moving isoform being a Cu/Zn-SOD and the remainder three Fe-SODs. Among the twelve inbred sunflower lines studied there were ample qualitative, and sometimes quantitative too, differences in isoenzyme dotation of CAT, GPX and Fe-SOD.
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PMID:Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) variability in antioxidant enzyme defenses. 1069 64

The distribution of antioxidants between bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of maize leaves was analysed in plants grown at 20 degrees C, 18 degrees C and 15 degrees C. The purity of the isolated bundle sheath and mesophyll fractions was determined using compartment-specific marker enzymes. In plants grown at 15 degrees C, ascorbate peroxidase, CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities were increased in the bundle sheath cells, and glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities were enhanced in the mesophyll cells. SOD was absent from the mesophyll of plants grown at 20 degrees C but an Fe-SOD activity was found in the mesophyll of plants grown at 15 degrees C. Foliar Mn-SOD activities were decreased at 15 degrees C compared to 20 degrees C. Catalase was undetectable in the mesophyll extracts of plants grown at 15 degrees C. Ascorbate and glutathione contents were considerably higher in the mesophyll than the bundle sheath fractions of plants grown at 20 degrees C. The ratios of reduced to oxidized forms of these antioxidants were significantly decreased in the bundle sheath, but increased in the mesophyll of leaves grown at 15 degrees C. Foliar H2O2 accumulated at 15 degrees C compared to 20 degrees C. Most of the foliar H2O2 was localized in the mesophyll tissues at all growth temperatures. The differential distribution of antioxidants between leaf bundle sheath and mesophyll tissues, observed at 20 degrees C, is even more pronounced when plants are grown at 15 degrees C and may contribute to the extreme sensitivity of maize to low temperatures.
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PMID:Low temperature-induced changes in the distribution of H2O2 and antioxidants between the bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of maize leaves. 1093 1

To investigate the antioxidant defense system, chilling stress-induced changes of antioxidant enzymes were examined in the leaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Chilling stress preferentially enhanced the activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and peroxidase specific to guaiacol, whereas it induced the decrease of catalase activity. In order to analyze the changes of antioxidant enzyme isoforms against chilling stress, foliar extracts were subjected to native PAGE. Leaves of cucumber had four isoforms of Mn-SOD and two isoforms of Cu/Zn-SOD. Fe-SOD isoform was not observed in this plant. Expression of Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD was preferentially enhanced by chilling stress. Expression of Mn-SOD-2 and -4 was enhanced after 48 h of the poststress period. Five APX isoforms were presented in the leaves of cucumber. The intensities of APX-4 and -5 were enhanced by chilling stress, whereas that of APX-3 was significantly increased in the poststress periods after chilling stress. Gel stained for GR activity revealed six isoforms in the plant. Activation levels for most of GR isoforms were higher in the stressed-plants than the control and poststressed-plants, but that of GR-1 isoform was significantly higher in the poststressed-plants than chilling stressed-plants. These results collectively suggest that chilling stress activates the enzymes of an SOD/ascorbate-glutathione cycle under catalase deactivation in the leaves of cucumber, but the response timing of enzyme isoforms against various environmental stresses is not the same for all isoforms of antioxidant enzymes.
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PMID:Chilling stress-induced changes of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of cucumber: in gel enzyme activity assays. 1101 Oct 95

We reported previously that feeding zinc-deficient diets for 14 d altered the oxidant defense system in the testes of young male rats and increased levels of lipid, protein and DNA oxidation in this tissue. In this study, we investigated the early involvement of oxidative stress in zinc deficiency-induced testicular pathology. Weanling male rats (17 d old) were given free access to a control (25 microg Zn/g) or a zinc-deficient (0.5 microg Zn/g) diet, or restricted access to the control diet at a level of intake similar to that of rats fed the 0.5 microg Zn/g diet (restricted group) for 7 d. Rats fed the low zinc diet were characterized by low testes zinc and alkaline phosphatase activity compared with ad libitum and restricted controls. Testes protein and lipid oxidation variables did not differ among the groups. Higher than normal (P < 0.05) activities of CuZn (CuZnSOD) and Mn (MnSOD) superoxide dismutases were observed in the low zinc group. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities did not differ among the groups. Total glutathione concentrations were lower in the low zinc and restricted groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). The testes nuclear binding activities of two transcription factors sensitive to oxidants [nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and AP-1] were assessed. AP-1 nuclear binding activity did not differ among the groups, but NF-kappaB nuclear binding activity was lower in the low zinc group than in the control groups (P < 0.05). We suggest that the reduction in NF-kappaB binding reflects an early response to zinc deficiency-induced oxidative stress.
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PMID:Short-term zinc deficiency affects nuclear factor-kappab nuclear binding activity in rat testes. 1120 33

The protective role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) against ionizing radiation, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) harmful to cellular function, was investigated in the wild-type and in mutant yeast strains lacking cytosolic CuZnSOD (sod1Delta), mitochondrial MnSOD (sod2Delta), or both SODs (sod1Deltasod2Delta). Upon exposure to ionizing radiation, there was a distinct difference between these strains in regard to viability and the level of protein carbonyl content, which is the indicative marker of oxidative damage to protein, intracellular H2O2 level, as well as lipid peroxidation. When the oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin was used to examine the hydroperoxide production in yeast cells, the SOD mutants showed a higher degree of increase in fluorescence upon exposure to ionizing radiation as compared to wild-type cells. These results indicated that mutants deleted for SOD genes were more sensitive to ionizing radiation than isogenic wild-type cells. Induction and inactivation of other antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glutathione reductase, were observed after their exposure to ionizing radiation both in wild-type and in mutant cells. However, wild-type cells maintained significantly higher activities of antioxidant enzymes than did mutant cells. These results suggest that both CuZnSOD and MnSOD may play a central role in protecting cells against ionizing radiation through the removal of ROS, as well as in the protection of antioxidant enzymes.
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PMID:Protective role of superoxide dismutases against ionizing radiation in yeast. 1132 41

Spodoptera frugiperda Sf-9 (Sf-9) and Trichoplusia ni BTI-Tn-5B1-4 (Tn-5B1-4) insect cell lines were found to contain unique assemblages of antioxidant enzymes. Specifically, the Sf-9 insect cell line contained Manganese and Copper-Zinc superoxide dismutase (MnSOD and CuZnSOD) for reducing the superoxide radical (O(2)(*-)) to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) for reducing the resulting H(2)O(2) to H(2)O. Approximately one third of the total SOD activity was found to be MnSOD. The Tn-5B1-4 cells were also found to contain MnSOD (approximately two thirds of the total SOD activity), CuZnSOD and APOX activities. However, the Tn-5B1-4 cell line, in contrast to the Sf-9 cell line, contained catalase (CAT) activity for reducing H(2)O(2) to H(2)O. Both the Sf-9 and Tn-5B1-4 cell lines contained glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbic acid reductase activities for regenerating the reduced forms of glutathione and ascorbic acid, respectively. In addition, both cell lines contained glutathione S-transferase peroxidase activity towards hydroperoxides other than H(2)O(2). Finally, neither cell line contains the glutathione peroxidase activity that is ubiquitous in mammalian cells.
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PMID:Antioxidant defense systems of two lipidopteran insect cell lines. 1136 23

Activities of protective antioxidant enzymes, the rate of superoxide formation (v) in microsomal membranes and submitochondrial particles (SMP), and the concentrations of reduced and oxidized glutathione in cytosol were studied in the liver of AKR mice during the development of spontaneous leucosis. It was found that in the latent period of leucosis (mice of 3-6 months of age) the glutathione reductase (GR) activity in cytosol and mitochondria decreased and v in SMP increased. The increase in v in SMP did not result in the induction of Mn-SOD. In this stage of leucosis, the activities of Cu,Zn-SOD, GSH-Px, and G-6-PDH in cytosol were unchanged; at the same time, the GR activity and the concentration of reduced glutathione smoothly decreased. In the stage of developed leucosis (mice of 7-9 months of age), non-synchronous changes in the antioxidant system resulting in the shift of metabolism towards the prooxidant state were found. Comparison of our findings and the literature data demonstrates that the observed decrease in the SOD/GSH-Px ratio, the decrease in GR activity, and the increase in the v/Mn-SOD activity ratio are typical for pre-neoplastic changes in cell metabolism.
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PMID:Imbalance in the enzymatic system of production and consumption of active oxygen species in liver of AKR mice with spontaneous leucosis. 1156 51

Previously, we demonstrated apoptotic cell death in the chorion laeve trophoblast layer of human fetal membrane tissues during the late stages of pregnancy, the progression of apoptosis during incubation in vitro, and its suppression by a low concentration of glucocorticoid hormones. We now report examination of mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha] and antioxidative enzyme genes [heme oxygenase 1, catalase, Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu/Zn-SOD, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase] and apoptosis-related genes during in vitro progression of apoptosis with or without glucocorticoid by a reverse transcription/PCR method. It was shown that the mRNA levels increased in chorion laeve tissue for each cytokine examined and for catalase, heme oxygenase 1 and Mn-SOD in direct correlation with the in vitro incubation period. By Western blotting the existence of Mn-SOD protein, and its slight increase with incubation time, was also shown. The investigation of the influence of antioxidative reagents [pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)] on DNA fragmentation showed that DNA fragmentation in chorion laeve tissues was inhibited by approximately 50% in the presence of 1 mm PDTC, 30 mm NAC and 1 mm NDGA. These results suggest that apoptotic cell death of the trophoblast layer of chorion tissues may be induced through intracellular oxidative stress at the stage of parturition.
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PMID:Progressive apoptosis in chorion laeve trophoblast cells of human fetal membrane tissues during in vitro incubation is suppressed by antioxidative reagents. 1173 13

Significant decrease in the level of lipid antioxidants (measured from the kinetics of the induced chemiluminescence in brain homogenate) and of the hydrophilic antioxidant carnosine as well was observed in the brain of 14-16-month-old mice of SAMP1 line, which is characterized by accelerated accumulation of senile features, in comparison with the control line SAMR1. In the brain of SAMP1 animals the activity of cytosolic Cu/Zn-containing superoxide dismutase (SOD) was reduced, while the activity of membrane-bound Mn-SOD was at an extremely low level. The activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase) did not differ in the brain of SAMP1 and SAMR1 animals, and catalase activity was similarly low in both cases. At the same time, excess concentration of excitotoxic compounds, significantly exceeding that for the control line, was determined in the brain and blood of SAMP1 animals. The activity of glutathione enzymes in liver and heart as well as the activity of cytosolic Cu/Zn-SOD in liver did not differ in the two studied lines, while the activity of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase was slightly increased, and the activity of liver catalase and erythrocyte Cu/Zn-SOD was significantly decreased for SAMP1 compared with SAMR1. The results demonstrate that the accelerated ageing of SAMP1 animals is connected to a significant extent with the decreased efficiency of the systems utilizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissues.
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PMID:Antioxidant systems in tissues of senescence accelerated mice. 1173 37


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