Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P04155 (pS2)
 1,234 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The oestrogen induced pS2 protein was measured in the cytosol of 446 breast cancer samples by an immunoradiometric assay. The relationships between pS2 and several clinical and biological parameters were evaluated. pS2 was not correlated to age, pT and nodal status, while it was higher in pre- than in peri- and post-menopausal women. A statistically significant positive association was found between pS2 and ER, PgR and cathepsin D. However, the frequency of pS2 negative values in ER+ (25.6%), PgR+ (21.7%) and cathepsin D-(19.0%) cases suggests that pS2 provides information independent of the above parameters in a fairly high percentage of patients. The prognostic role of pS2 was evaluated in 267 cases (follow up time 24-102 months). pS2+ showed longer RFS (P = 0.016) and OS (P = 0.004) than pS2-. pS2+ cases were significantly associated with a better prognosis in N+ but not in N- cases. Multivariate analysis showed that pS2 is an independent prognostic factor being the second most effective indicator for OS after nodal status and the third for RFS after nodal status and cathepsin D. From the present findings, we conclude that pS2 probably provides additional biological information to steroid receptor status and cathepsin D in patients with primary breast cancer.
 ...
PMID:PS2 in breast cancer--alternative or complementary tool to steroid receptor status? Evaluation of 446 cases. 834 94

Using a new immunoradiometric assay, a total of 100 cytosols obtained from primary breast tumors were examined for content of pS2, an estrogen-regulated protein. In our series, the median pS2 value was 5 ng/mg protein cytosol which was used as the cut-off. pS2 content was not correlated with menopausal status, tumor size, nodal involvement or tumor proliferative activity expressed as labeling index (tritiated thymidine LI). A positive correlation was found between pS2 and estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) hormone receptors. pS2 in association with ER and PgR seems to identify tumor subgroups with diverse hormone responsiveness. Moreover, in favorable and unfavorable prognostic subgroups, LI and pS2 further emphasize this prognostic diversity.
 ...
PMID:Cytosolic levels of estrogen-regulated pS2 protein in breast cancer: correlation with tumor proliferative activity. 849 48

The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of pS2 expression in gastric carcinoma and to determine its prognostic significance. We analysed pS2 protein expression in 50 gastric carcinomas and respective adjacent mucosas by immunohistochemistry and immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). pS2 was consistently expressed in superficial and foveolar epithelium of non-neoplastic mucosa and in 66.0% of the carcinomas. pS2 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in diffuse than in intestinal carcinomas, and in those cases with nodal metastases than in those without. No correlation was found between pS2 immunostaining and gender, age, staging, depth of wall penetration, venous invasion, ploidy and S-phase fraction. The mean levels of pS2 (IRMA) were significantly lower in gastric carcinomas than in non-neoplastic mucosas, and were not correlated with any of the aforementioned clinicopathological features. The survival of patients with pS2-positive tumours was not significantly different from that of patients with pS2-negative tumours. We conclude that pS2 expression, which can be used as a marker of gastric-type differentiation, is associated with gastric carcinoma of diffuse type. The lack of correlation between pS2 expression and most features of tumor aggressiveness and patients' survival precludes its use as a prognostic tool in gastric carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:pS2 protein expression in gastric carcinoma. An immunohistochemical and immunoradiometric study. 891 Nov 22

The recent highlighted points in prognostic factors after breast cancer operation include: 1) the emergence of many genetic and biochemical markers, including c-erbB-2, int-2, EGFR, p53, nm23, LOH, E cadherin, s-phase fraction. The prognostic value of these factors is related to their role in cell cycle regulation, invasion/metastasis mechanisms, etc. The agents related to therapeutic effectiveness, namely p-glycoprotein, pS2, and bcl-2 may become important stratification factors when conducting clinical trials. Pathologic factors, like nodal status, however, are the most useful prognostic factors at the moment. Many newly developed prognostic factors should be examined by multivariate analysis and validated prospectively before clinical use.
 ...
PMID:[Recent prognostic factors for breast cancer]. 912 98

VLA2 is thought to be involved in the metastatic process in malignant tumours, in particular in carcinomatous cell adhesion to vessel basement membrane. VLA2 expression was immunohistochemically investigated in 204 breast carcinomas. Frozen tissue sections were probed with monoclonal anti-VLA2 using automated (Ventana ES 320 System) and quantitative (SAMBA 2005 image processor) immunoperoxidase. A positive anti-VLA2 immunoreaction was observed in 48 tumours (23.5%), within epithelial carcinomatous cells. The VLA2-positive surface in tumours varied from 3% to 20% (mean 8.75, S.D. 7.17) and was correlated with histoprognostic indicators and tumour expression of various antigens detected using the same method as that for VLA2. The results show that VLA2 immunoexpression was independent of the tumour size, grade, type and aneuploidy, and of the nodal status. VLA2 significantly correlated with ELAM, VCAM, VLA3 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) (P < 0.01) and inversely correlated with cathepsin D (P < 0.001), but was independent of Ki67/MIB1, p53, bcl-2, c-erbB-2, E cadherin, CD44v, CD31, oestrogen and progesterone receptors' (ER, PR) antigenic sites and pS2. The exact role, if any, of VLA2 in tumour cell dissemination remains to be elucidated and the clinical relevance of VLA2 immunodetection in breast carcinomas requires further investigation of the correlation between VLA2 immunocytochemical expression and patients' outcome and response to chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:VLA2 integrin expression in breast carcinomas evaluated by automated and quantitative immunohistochemistry. 964 45

Expression of vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAM) in tumors is associated with endothelial cell activation and may facilitate adherence of carcinomatous cells to the vessel wall, promoting bloodborne metastases. Expression of VCAM was investigated in 202 breast carcinomas using automated (Ventana System) and quantitative (SAMBA image analyzer) immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections. Positive VCAM immunoreactivity was observed in 83 tumors (41%) (mean immunostained surface, 12.4%; SD, 10.5). The mean area of immunostaining was correlated with clinical and pathologic prognostic indicators and with the immunohistochemical expression in tissue sections of various indicators of cell proliferation, metastatic potential, and drug resistance or sensitivity, evaluated according to the same method. There was no correlation of VCAM immunoreactivity with tumor size, type, or grade or with nodal status. Also, no significant correlation was observed between VCAM and MIB1/Ki67, p53, Bcl-2, E cadherin, CD44v, cathepsin D, CD31, P-gp, ER, PR, or pS2. However, VCAM immunoreactivity was significantly correlated with ELAM and VLA2 (P = .001) and VLAs (P = .008) expression. The results suggest that VCAM expression in breast carcinoma tissue sections is likely not a prognostic indicator. Its practical clinical relevance, if any, must be established by correlation with patients' outcomes and tumor sensitivity to drugs.
 ...
PMID:VCAM (IGSF) adhesion molecule expression in breast carcinomas detected by automated and quantitative immunocytochemical assays. 974 2

To evaluate the prognostic relevance of Ki-67 and topoisomerase IIalpha expression in relation to tumor stage, grade, and hormone receptor content, 942 ductal infiltrating carcinomas of the breast were examined by means of the monoclonal antibodies Ki-S11 (Ki-67) and Ki-S4 (topoisomerase IIalpha). pS2, c-erbB2, and p53 were additionally considered as prognostic variables. The median follow-up time was 149 months. Eight-hundred-and-sixty-three tumors reacted with Ki-S11 and Ki-S4; the labeling indices of the two antigens were closely associated (r = 0.93). Both correlated positively with the tumor size, c-erbB2, and p53 expression, and negatively with patient age, hormone receptor content, and pS2 immunostaining. In the univariate analysis, Ki-S11 and Ki-S4 scores, nodal status, tumor size, tumor grade, and progesterone receptor content strongly predicted both overall and metastasis-free survival (p < 0.00001). Estrogen receptor status, p53, and c-erbB2 were of minor significance. Concerning overall survival, multivariate Cox regression analysis selected a Ki-S4 score >25% (p < 0.00001) next to the nodal status, and before tumor size, progesterone receptor content, and patient age. Independent predictors of the occurrence of distant metastases were nodal status, Ki-S4, tumor size, grade 1, and progesterone receptor negativity, in that order. The Ki-S11 score was of independent prognostic significance only if examined as a continuous variable. We conclude that topoisomerase IIalpha expression as assessed by monoclonal antibody Ki-S4 may add valuable information to current prognostic models for breast cancer. Its predictive value appears to be essentially related to the proliferative activity of tumor cells.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic significance of Ki-67 and topoisomerase IIalpha expression in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. A multivariate analysis of 863 cases. 1047 80

pS2 was measured by radioimmunometric assay in tumour extracts from 197 breast cancer patients. Values ranged from 0 to 50 ng/mg protein (mean 9.6 and median 3 ng/mg). We found no correlation with age, menopausal status, nodal metastases, disease stage or tumour histology. There was, however, a linear relationship with both ER (p < 0.0001) (particularly nuclear ER) and PR (p < 0.0001) expression determined by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), as well as a good correlation when high and low expressors were stratified on the basis of combined ER/PR expression using consensus cut-off points. Only 15% of ER - ve/PR - ve patients were classified as pS2 + ve compared with 83% of those who were ER + ve/PR + ve. pS2 was also directly correlated with high expression of tPA and inversely with uPA. Comparison with previous studies showed that the current ELISA method produced consistent results, in contrast to other methods, particularly those based on immunohistochemical detection. The close relationship between pS2 and both steroid receptors suggests that pS2 may be important in terms of defining hormone-responsive patients who are likely to benefit from endocrine therapy.
 ...
PMID:Immunoradiometric measurement of pS2 in breast cancer--correlation with steroid receptors and plasminogen activators. 1052 72

Our aim was to compare the occurrence and prognostic significance over 14-20 years of immunocytochemically detected S100A4 and other tumour variables in primary tumours from 349 patients with operable breast cancer. For a cut-off of 1% staining of the malignant cells, the antibody to S100A4 stains positively 56% of the carcinomas. There was a significant association of staining for S100A4 with tumours fixed to the chest wall, staining for c-erbB-2, c-erbB-3, pS2, cathepsin D and, inversely, at borderline levels with staining for estrogen receptor. Using Wilcoxon statistics in univariate analyses, staining for S100A4, nodal status, tumour class, histological grade and staining for c-erbB-2, p53 were associated negatively and staining for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor were associated positively with patient survival times. The survival times of patients with S100A4-negative carcinomas with or without one of the other tumour variables showed no significant differences, whilst those of patients with S100A4-positive carcinomas showed significant differences in a negative or a positive way. Multivariate regression analysis for 137 patients showed that staining for S100A4 is most highly correlated with patient deaths, but involved lymph nodes, fixed tumours, high histological grade and staining for progesterone receptor were also significant independent prognostic variables. Our results suggest that in this set of patients, the tumour variable most tightly correlated with patient death is S100A4.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of the metastasis-inducing protein S100A4 (p9ka) with other prognostic markers in human breast cancer. 1075

Correlation of standard pathomorphological prognostic parameters, primary tumor size and axillary nodal status with new prognostic factor in breast carcinoma: tumor suppressor gene p53 was analyzed. The studied sample included 65 women who underwent surgery for breast carcinoma at the Surgical Clinic of Clinical Center Banja Luka, from January 1st 1997 till January 1st 1999. Statistical data analysis was performed and correlation of prognostic factors was determined. The majority of authors in this field agree that the primary tumor size and axillary nodal status are the two most important prognostic factors. These factors are the best predictors of prognosis and survival of women who had the tumor and were operated on. Tumor markers were immunohistochemically determined in the last ten years and, according to the majority of authors, are still considered the additional or relative prognostic factors in breast carcinoma. Their prognostic value and significance increase almost daily. Most frequently determined tumor markers are bcl-2, pS2, Ki-67 and p53. There was a positive, directly proportional relationship between primary tumor size and tumor suppressor gene p53, but there was no positive correlation between the axillary nodal status and tumor suppressor gene p53. Significance of determination of new tumor markers as the prognostic factors was emphasized. These markers represent a powerful tool in the early detection and prevention of breast carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:[Correlation of size of the primary tumor and axillary node status with the p53 tumor suppressor gene in carcinoma of the breast]. 1192 86


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>