Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P04155 (pS2)
 1,234 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The estrogen receptor (ER) is a hormone-dependent transcription factor that belongs to the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Since the ER contributes to development and progression in human breast cancer, a number of studies have explored ways to inactivate this receptor. Previous studies have suggested that the 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) interacts with the ER, thus stabilizing the receptor in an inactive state. Here, we report that radicicol, an Hsp90-specific inhibitor, repressed estrogen-dependent transactivation of the ER as measured by pS2 gene transcription and a reporter gene encoding an estrogen-responsive element. Furthermore, we showed that radicicol induced rapid degradation of ERalpha, while the amount of ubiquitinated ERalpha was increased. A proteasome inhibitor, LLnL, almost completely abrogated the radicicol-induced decrease in expression level, as well as in transcriptional activity of ERalpha. These results suggest that radicicol disrupts the ER-Hsp90 heterodimeric complex, thereby generating ERalpha that is susceptible to ubiquitin/proteasome-induced degradation.
 ...
PMID:Radicicol represses the transcriptional function of the estrogen receptor by suppressing the stabilization of the receptor by heat shock protein 90. 1191 45

Inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) promotes estrogen-dependent growth of MCF7 breast cancer cells, although the mechanisms by which PKA regulates estrogen receptor (ER) function remain unclear. In this study elevation of cAMP by forskolin/3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (F/I) suppressed estradiol-dependent MCF7 and T47D breast cancer cell growth but not tamoxifen-resistant MCF7-LCC2 cells. Although F/I induced ligand independent activation of ERalpha, F/I also decreased estradiol-dependent reporter gene transcription. Overexpression of PKA or PKA inhibitor (PKI) demonstrated that F/I effects on repression of estradiol action occurred through the PKA pathway. 8CPT-2Me-cAMP, a selective inducer of non-PKA signaling, did not alter ER-dependent transcription. In contrast to F/I effects on reporter genes, F/I exhibited gene-specific effects on endogenous, ER-regulated genes. F/I enhanced estradiol induction of pS2 and cMyc but repressed estradiol induction of cyclin D1 mRNA and protein in MCF7 cells. To explore likely mechanisms by which F/I regulated ER, experiments examined estradiol binding, Hsp90 interaction, promoter recruitment, and ERalpha phosphorylation. F/I decreased estradiol binding and increased Hsp90 association with ERalpha. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that F/I recruited ERalpha to both pS2 and cMyc promoters at earlier times than estradiol, and F/I shifted estradiol recruitment of ERalpha to earlier time points. F/I induced a unique ERalpha phosphorylation profile (increase in serine 305 and decrease in serine 118 phosphorylation) that was distinct from estradiol and estradiol + F/I. Taken together, F/I signaling through PKA selectively regulates estradiol-dependent genes in breast cancer, which is associated with reduced ligand binding and changes in promoter interaction and ERalpha phosphorylation.
 ...
PMID:Protein kinase A exhibits selective modulation of estradiol-dependent transcription in breast cancer cells that is associated with decreased ligand binding, altered estrogen receptor alpha promoter interaction, and changes in receptor phosphorylation. 1706 99