Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04155 (pS2)
 1,234 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A partial physical map of the human chromosome 21 including 26 genes and anonymous sequences was established by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of restriction fragments obtained from lymphocyte and fibroblast DNAs. The sizes of the restriction fragments obtained by total digestion with eight different enzymes were compared in these two tissues. Differences resulting from the variations in the methylation state of the restriction sites were frequently observed. These differences and partial digestions were used to estimate the order and the distances between genes and sequences. Six linkage groups were defined: D21S13-D21S16, D21S1-D21S11, D21S65-D21S17, (D21S55,ERG)-ETS2, BCEI-D21S19-D21S42-D21S113-CBS-CRYA1, and COL6A2-S100B. For six intergenic distances the resolution of previous maps was significantly increased.
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PMID:Partial physical map of human chromosome 21 from fibroblast and lymphocyte DNA. 847 8

The major changes in hormone levels that occur through the menstrual cycle have been postulated to affect the expression of hormone-regulated and proliferation-associated genes (PAGs) in premenopausal ER+ breast cancer. Whilst previous studies have demonstrated differences in gene expression, here, we investigated if there are within patient changes in the expression of oestrogen- and progesterone-regulated genes (ERGs and PRGs) and PAGs in ER+ breast cancer during the menstrual cycle. Samples from 96 patients in two independent prospective studies of the effect of menstrual cycle on ER+ breast cancer were used. Plasma hormone measurements were used to assign tumours to one of three pre-defined menstrual cycle windows: W1 (days 27-35 and 1-6; low oestradiol and low progesterone), W2 (days 7-16; high oestradiol and low progesterone) and W3 (days 17-26; intermediate oestradiol and high progesterone). RNA expression of 50 genes, including 27 ERGs, 11 putative PRGs and seven PAGs was measured. The AvERG (geomean of PGR, GREB1, TFF1 and PDZK1) was used as a composite measure of ERG expression and showed significant changes between the three windows of the menstrual cycle increasing over 2.2-fold between W1 and W2 and decreasing between W2 and W3 and between W3 and W1. Proliferation gene expression also varied significantly, following the same pattern of changes as ERG expression, but the changes were of lower magnitude (1.4-fold increase between W1 and W2). Significant changes in the expression of eight individual ERGs, including GREB1, PGR and TFF1, and two PAGs were observed between W1 and either W2 or W3 with all genes showing higher levels in W2 or W3 (1.3-2.4-fold; FDR 0.016-0.05). The AvProg, a composite measure of PRG expression, increased significantly (1.5-fold) in W3 compared to W1 or W2 but no significant changes were observed for individual PRGs. In conclusion, we observed significant changes in ERG, PRG and PAG expression in ER+ breast tumours during the menstrual cycle that may affect the assessment and interpretation of prominent biomarkers (e.g. PgR) and commonly used multigene prognostic signatures in premenopausal ER+ breast cancer.
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PMID:Menstrual cycle associated changes in hormone-related gene expression in oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer. 3175 27