Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P04155 (pS2)
 1,234 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene often occur in a variety of human malignant tumors and are frequently associated with overexpression of p53 protein. This study was designed to examine indirectly the frequency of p53 protein in primary endometrial carcinoma and to correlate the overexpression with steroid hormone receptor status including pS2 protein status. The study was performed on 79 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of endometrial carcinoma. P53 protein overexpression was detected by means of immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody NCL-p53-DO7. Estrogen and progesterone receptor status was determined by immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibodies NCL-ER-LH(2) and NCL-PGR, respectively, and the pS2 protein using polyclonal antibody NCL-pS2. Overexpression of p53 protein was found in 27 (34%) of the 79 endometrial carcinomas. A strong positive relationship was demonstrated between histologic grade and p53 protein overexpression. There was a significant correlation between p53 protein overexpression and negative estrogen receptor status (49%) negative progesterone receptor status (49%) as well as a negative pS2 protein (45%). The results suggest that overexpression of p53 is associated with high malignant potential. However, p53 overexpression itself does not appear to be an independent prognostic factor in endometrial carcinomas. Int J Surg Pathol 8(3):213-222, 2000
 ...
PMID:p53 Overexpression and Steroid Hormone Receptor Status in Endometrial Carcinoma. 1149 92

Correlation of standard pathomorphological prognostic parameters, primary tumor size and axillary nodal status with new prognostic factor in breast carcinoma: tumor suppressor gene p53 was analyzed. The studied sample included 65 women who underwent surgery for breast carcinoma at the Surgical Clinic of Clinical Center Banja Luka, from January 1st 1997 till January 1st 1999. Statistical data analysis was performed and correlation of prognostic factors was determined. The majority of authors in this field agree that the primary tumor size and axillary nodal status are the two most important prognostic factors. These factors are the best predictors of prognosis and survival of women who had the tumor and were operated on. Tumor markers were immunohistochemically determined in the last ten years and, according to the majority of authors, are still considered the additional or relative prognostic factors in breast carcinoma. Their prognostic value and significance increase almost daily. Most frequently determined tumor markers are bcl-2, pS2, Ki-67 and p53. There was a positive, directly proportional relationship between primary tumor size and tumor suppressor gene p53, but there was no positive correlation between the axillary nodal status and tumor suppressor gene p53. Significance of determination of new tumor markers as the prognostic factors was emphasized. These markers represent a powerful tool in the early detection and prevention of breast carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:[Correlation of size of the primary tumor and axillary node status with the p53 tumor suppressor gene in carcinoma of the breast]. 1192 86

The adhesive glycophosphoprotein (OPN) is capable of inducing metastasis in rodent models ofbreast cancer. We now show that a monoclonal antibody to rat OPN recognizes specifically human OPN using Western blotting techniques andused it to assess the prognostic significance of OPN in primary tumors of a group of 333 patients treated between 1976 and 1982 for operable stage I and stage II breast cancer. The antibody stains immunocytochemically normal breast tissue weakly but pregnant/lactating tissue and 66% of the carcinomas strongly, leaving the remaining 34% as negatively stained. In addition to the carcinoma cells, some host reactive stromal cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and blood vessels are also stained, but these have been excluded in the following analyses. There is a significant association of staining of carcinomas for OPN with some tumor variables reported previously to be associated with patient outcome: high histological grade (P = 0.024), staining for c-erbB-3 (P < 0.001), p53 (P = 0.014), pS2 (P = 0.025), and borderline significance for progesterone receptor (P = 0.089). The association of staining for OPN with survival times of the patients has been evaluated using life tables over 14-20 years of follow-up (mean 16 years) and analyzed using generalized Wilcoxon statistics. Of the patients who have been classified as OPN-negative, 94% are alive, but only 26% of those classified as OPN-positive are alive after 19 years of follow-up. This association is highly significant (P < 0.0001); the former have a median survival of >228 months and the latter 68 months. When the patients are divided into separate classes based on the percentage of carcinoma cells staining for OPN, the five classes show a progressive decrease in survival with increasing percentage of stained carcinoma cells, and this association is also highly significant (P < 0.0001). Other tumor variables that show a significant association with patient survival times in this group of patients include nodal status, tumor size, histological grade, staining for c-erbB-2, estrogen receptor alpha, or p53. Analysis of the association of patients with carcinomas staining for OPN and their survival in subgroups defined by these tumor variables shows that positive staining for OPN in each subgroup is associated with poorer survival. There is little difference in patient survival times in the OPN-negative group of patients with or without any of the other tumor variables examined. Multivariate regression analysis for 202 patients shows that staining for OPN is most highly correlated with patients' deaths (P < 0.0001), but involved lymph nodes (P = 0.0007), fixed tumors (P = 0.0008), and staining for estrogen receptor alpha (P = 0.008) are also significant independent prognostic variables with that for c-erbB-2 being of borderline significance (P = 0.060). These results suggest that in this group of patients, the presence of the metastasis-associated protein OPN is tightly correlated with patient demise.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic significance of the metastasis-associated protein osteopontin in human breast cancer. 1206 84

To explore the hypothesis that aging not only increases breast cancer incidence but also alters breast cancer biology, we correlated patient age and diagnosis with tumor histology, stage and biomarkers independently determined from two different tumor archives: an American collection of approximately 800 paraffin-embedded and immunohistochemically analyzed primary breast cancers, and an European collection of approximately 3000 cryobanked primary breast cancers analyzed by ligand-binding and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The prognostic biomarkers chosen for comparison represented surrogate measures of tumor: (i). proliferation, growth and genetic instability (mitotic and apoptotic indices, Ki-67/MIB-1-positivity, nuclear grade, p53-positivity), (ii). endocrine-dependence (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), pS2, Bcl2), (iii). growth factor receptor-dependence (ErbB2, EGFR/ErbB1), and (iv). angiogenic, invasive and proteolytic potential (uPA, PAI-1, Cathepsin D, VEGF). No biomarker reflecting tumor angiogenic, invasive or proteolytic potential showed a significant correlation with patient age at diagnosis. In contrast, significant inverse correlations (|r|>0.1; P< or =0.05) were observed for all measures of tumor growth and genetic instability as well as growth factor receptor overexpression (ErbB2 or EGFR positivity). Only one marker of endocrine-dependence, ER expression, showed a significant positive correlation with patient age at diagnosis. In summary, these findings support the hypothesis that breast cancer biology is significantly affected by patient age. In particular, breast tumors arising in older patients have slower growth rates, are more likely to be ER-positive, and are less likely to be p53-positive, EGFR-positive or ErbB2-positive.
 ...
PMID:Age-associated biomarker profiles of human breast cancer. 1220 28

The trefoil factors (TFFs) are pleiotropic factors involved in organization and homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract, estrogen responsiveness, inflammatory disorders, and carcinogenesis. In an earlier study using cDNA array technologies to identify new genes expressed in irradiated cell survivors, we isolated a cDNA clone corresponding to the reported human TFF1 gene (E. K. Balcer-Kubiczek et al., Int. J. Radiat. Biol., 75: 529-541, 1999). To determine whether expression of other TFFs is altered by ionizing radiation, we quantified changes in expression of TFF3 as well as TFF1 in RNA samples obtained from irradiated and control human tumor breast, colon, and gastric tumor cells and examined expression kinetics up to 2 weeks after irradiation. X-ray-induced TFF1 and TFF3 expression profiles were compared with those induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or 17beta-estradiol (ES). The results revealed that TFF1 and TFF3 mRNA are coinduced by X-irradiation in a subset of the lines, but substantial heterogeneity in their responses was observed in cells derived from a single cell type. TFF1 and TFF3 transcriptional response to X-irradiation differed from that to H2O2 or ES in the timing of their induction as well as tissue-type dependence, i.e., their induction pattern after X-irradiation was late and sustained, whereas their induction by H2O2 or ES was early and transient. TFF1 mRNA, protein production in the cytoplasm, and secretion in the culture supernatant were coordinately regulated after X-irradiation. There was no requirement for TP53 in this induction. These results demonstrate the existence of a novel class of radiation-responsive genes that might be involved in bystander effects.
 ...
PMID:Coordinate late expression of trefoil peptide genes (pS2/TFF1 and ITF/TFF3) in human breast, colon, and gastric tumor cells exposed to X-rays. 1247 53

The aim of this study is to justify an individual therapeutical attitude in breast cancer, related to diversity of breast tumors, aggressiveness grade and metastatic potential. Between January 2000--December 2001, 150 patients were admitted with breast cancer (stage II and III) and underwent surgery in our department. We selected 75 cases in our study. In 51 (68%) cases the first therapeutical method was surgery, in 15 (20%) cases surgery was performed after chemotherapy, in 2 (2.66%) cases after radiotherapy and after chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 7 (9.33%) cases. We evaluated several classical factors and new immunohistochemical markers with an important value for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy: oestrogen and progesterone receptors, c-erb B2, pS2 and p53 proteins, von Willebrand factor. Several factors had a predictive role regarding the response to chemotherapy. These predictive factors will improve the histopathological diagnosis. The oncoproteins and hormonal receptors also will evaluate with more accuracy the metastatic risk and will assure a better therapy decision.
 ...
PMID:[Could biological aggressivity markers of breast cancer alter the therapeutic course? Preliminary results]. 1263 86

Expression of the hormone-related proteins hsp27, pS2, and also of cathepsin D (CD) and metallothionein (MT) was studied by immunohistochemistry and analyzed against clinical data in breast cancer. Archived material of paraffin-embedded breast carcinoma tissues from a cohort of 134 patients with primary invasive breast cancer was used. Hsp27 and pS2 (>10% of tumor cells stained) were found to be expressed in 63.6% and 37.6% of cases, respectively, and were correlated negatively with grading (P=0.006 and 0.01) and positively with estrogen receptors (ER) (P=0.04 and 0.04). pS2 expression was correlated with lymph node status (P=0.02), tumor size (P=0.01), progesterone receptor (PR) content (P=0.02), hsp27 (P=0.015) and bcl-2 protein (P=0.001). An inverse relationship between pS2 expression and the expression of p53 protein (P=0.005) and proliferation-associated index MIB1 (P<0.0001) was noted. Stromal cathepsin D was positively correlated with tumor grade (P=0.01), PCNA (P=0.007), MIB1 (P=0.001) and p53 (P=0.01), and negatively with ER (P=0.04) and bcl-2 (P<0.0001). MT was correlated positively with stromal CD (P=0.007) and inversely with PgR (P=0.04). Univariate analysis showed CD expression to be a positive prognostic factor for survival (P=0.035), with borderline significance, while MT was more strongly positive (P=0.01). However, none of the proteins studied was found to be related to disease outcome in univariate analysis. Our data show that hsp27, pS2 and stromal CD expression may reflect tumor differentiation and the functional status of ER in breast cancer, but stromal CD and tumor MT expression were the only factors found that may be of limited prognostic value.
 ...
PMID:Clinicopathological study of the expression of hsp27, pS2, cathepsin D and metallothionein in primary invasive breast cancer. 1465 40

We conducted an analysis on 41 cases of male breast cancer (median age 54 y; range 25-82 y) in Kuwait. Most (51%) were stage II cancers with 65% arising in the left breast. There were 5 (12%) T1 tumours, 23 (56%) T2 tumours and 13 (32%) T3/T4 tumours. They were mostly (95%) infiltrating ductal carcinomas; 97% were grade 2 or 3. Axillary lymph node involvement was found in 69%. Estimated 5-year survival rates were 67% and 58% for overall and relapse free survival respectively. Favourable prognosis was associated with age below 50y, clinical stage I and II, small tumour size (T1, T2), low tumour grade and absence of nodal involvement or distant metastases; nodal status and grade were independent factors for relapse free survival in multivariate analysis. In 18 cases, an immunohistochemical study showed some degree of tumour antigen reaction for ER in 89% of cases, PR in 61%, pS2 in 44%, CathD in 72%, p53 in 56%, c-erbB-2 in 50%, Ki67 and PCNA in 100% and bcl-2 in 78%. There were significant associations between several of these factors but none influenced survival. Despite the high incidence of staining of ER, our data do not support the concept of an endocrine pathway that could be usefully antagonized with antioestrogens for therapeutic benefit, as in women.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of prognostic factors in male breast cancer. 1496 80

p53 status is an important predictive factor in breast cancer, but the results of many studies are ambiguous. We tested p53 by functional analysis of separated alleles in yeast (FASAY) as well as by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and evaluated correlations with main prognostic factors, proliferation, and Bcl-2. Thirty-two tumors were tested with antibodies BP53-12, DO1, DO11, DO12, and by FASAY. Spearman rank correlations were tested separately with age, tumor type, pT, grade, pN, NPI, Ki-67, S-phase, proliferation index, Bcl-2, and steroid receptor status determined by ER, PR, and pS2. FASAY showed significant correlations with ductal type, grade and proliferation, and an inverse correlation with functional estrogen receptor and Bcl-2. FASAY provided better correlations compared to p53 IHC. We conclude that FASAY shows significant correlations with main prognostic/predictive factors and provides more reliable biological information compared to p53 IHC. Apoptosis is positively linked to proliferation and is not under the control of p53, which is frequently mutated in highly proliferating carcinomas. FASAY seems to be very important in assessing the predictive significance of p53 for a specific therapy of breast cancer.
 ...
PMID:Correlations of breast carcinoma biomarkers and p53 tested by FASAY and immunohistochemistry. 1498 91

Results presented in this study demonstrate that treatment of MCF-7 cells with taxol resulted in induction of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha) gene transcription with a subsequent increase in ER alpha mRNA; this effect was promoter specific since taxol did not affect total transcription in MCF-7 cells and lacked an effect on transcription of the human acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein protein PO, progesterone receptor, and pS2 genes. In contrast to the increase in transcription of the ER alpha gene, taxol inhibited translation of the ER alpha mRNA. This effect is also transcript specific since taxol did not alter total protein synthesis and did not affect the concentration of progesterone receptor protein in the cell. The overall result of taxol treatment was to decrease the concentration of ER alpha protein in the MCF-7 cells. Evidence is presented that the effects of taxol on ER alpha gene transcription may be mediated through the induction of p53.
 ...
PMID:Regulation of estrogen receptor-alpha expression in MCF-7 cells by taxol. 1501 3


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>