Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04155 (pS2)
 1,234 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Determination of steroid receptors and several oestrogen-regulated proteins in mammary carcinomas is useful in the prediction of their evolution and of the likely success of endocrine therapy. Cathepsin D (Cat D), pS2 peptide and heat shock protein 27 (Hsp 27) were detected immunohistochemically in 63 infiltrating ductal (NOS) breast carcinomas, and our results were qualitatively correlated with several clinicopathological indicators and patients' overall survival. Cat D immunostaining of tumour cells was strongly associated with axillary nodal involvement (Pf = 0.0005) and so, it is directly connected with the metastatic capacity of malignant cells. pS2 immunoreactivity was correlated with oestrogen and progesterone receptor positivity (Pf = 0.0009 and Pf = 0.05 respectively) and, nonsignificantly, with good differentiation of the tumours (Pf = 0.06). Neoplastic cells expressing this protein are therefore characterised by a highly organised state of cellular physiology. Hsp 27 was expressed predominantly in tumours with one to four infiltrated lymph nodes (Pt = 0.05), and Hsp 27-positive patients were inclined to rather short survival, possibly due to chemotherapy resistance. In future, prognostic estimation of each one of the examined markers should be performed in specific large subgroups of patients. The findings of this study contribute to the establishment of criteria by which these subgroups should be formed.
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PMID:Prognostic evaluation of oestrogen-regulated protein immunoreactivity in ductal invasive (NOS) breast cancer. 755 43

Using high-resolution isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis (IEF), two tamoxifen binding sites (TBS) with isoelectric point (pI) values of 4.5 and 4.3 were identified, with different affinities for tamoxifen. The form at pI 4.3 (HTBS) displayed high affinity for the ligand (kD approximately 5 nM), while the protein at pI 4.5 (LTBS) had lower affinity (kD approximately 50 nM). LTBS was found in the microsomal fraction and HTBS in the cytosol. Of a total of 319 tumours studied, 257 were oestrogen receptor (ER) positive and 106 HTBS positive. In this combined group, thus able to bind tamoxifen either through the presence of ER or HTBS (or both), ER and PR were both negatively correlated with HTBS (P < 0.0001). The oestrogen-induced protein pS2 was assayed in 92 of the 319 tumours, and was also negatively (P < 0.0001) correlated with HTBS. The levels of HTBS were similar between infiltrating ductal carcinomas without special features (NOS) and non-NOS forms. However, HTBS concentrations were significantly higher in poorly differentiated grade 3 carcinomas than grade 2 (P < 0.05) and grade 1 (P < 0.01) forms. Conversely, ER concentration was lower in grade 3 than grade 1 forms (P < 0.05). Both the relationship between high affinity TBS and ER and the high concentration of HTBS in ER-poor grade 3 carcinomas may have a bearing on the known variability of tumour response to endocrine therapy and prognosis.
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PMID:Relationships between tamoxifen binding proteins in primary breast cancer biopsies. 783 46

Previous studies have shown that pS2 and cathepsin D are linked in lymph node positive (N+) tumours, but not in tumours from lymph node negative (N-) patients. The purpose of this study was to understand whether or not size would effect the relationship between pS2 and cathepsin D. Findings were further extended to some subgroups of tumours obtained stratifying for T and N and particularly to the small (TI) but aggressive (N+) cancers (T1/N+) and to those of size greater than 2 cm (T2 and T3) but yet node negative (T2+T3/N-). Oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, pS2 and cathepsin D concentrations were therefore assayed in 355 primary breast cancers. ER, PR, pS2 and cathepsin D did not correlate to nodal status and size of the tumours; no significant differences in the expression of these four biological factors between infiltrating ductal carcinomas without special features (NOS) and non-NOS carcinomas were found. Multivariate analysis performed among cathepsin D, ER, PR and pS2 indicated that, in T1 tumours, pS2 was the most important variable and the best predictor in cathepsin D determination, while such association was absent in T2 and T3 tumours. pS2 and cathepsin D significantly associated also in tumours obtained from N+ patients, and such correlation was highest in T1 tumours with positive axillary nodes (N+/T1). pS2 and cathepsin D did not associate in tumours taken from N- patients. Considering the NOS carcinomas, correlation between pS2 and cathepsin D in the N+, T1 and N+/T1 subgroups was higher in the poorly differentiated grade 3 with respect to grade 1 and grade 2 cancers. The data suggest that pS2 could have a role in cathepsin D expression and we hypothesise that such control could be an early biological event occurring in the development and progression of particularly aggressive (N+/grade 3), small (T1) breast cancers.
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PMID:Effect of tumor size on the association between ps2 and cathepsin-d in primary breast-cancer. 2155 3