Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04155 (pS2)
 1,234 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

pS2 is a 60 amino acid secretory polypeptide which belongs to a newly described family of trefoil-shaped growth factors. It is widely distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, particularly adjacent to damaged mucosa, and is also expressed by some epithelial tumours such as breast carcinoma. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of pS2 in pancreatic cancer. The presence of pS2 was analysed immunohistochemically using two antibodies, a polyclonal (pNR-2) and a monoclonal (pS2TM) in 42 cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 10 cases of ampullary carcinoma. The findings were compared with chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreas. No immunostaining was seen in normal pancreas, with the exception of one area of ductular proliferation, and although 8/10 cases of chronic pancreatitis expressed pS2, it was focal and confined to the occasional duct. In contrast, a significant proportion of malignant cells in 23/42 (55%) of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 8/10 (80%) of ampullary tumours expressed immunoreactive pS2. The finding of pS2 expression in more than 50% of pancreatic and ampullary carcinomas in contrast to the findings seen in chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreas suggests that pS2 may play an important role in the growth of these highly malignant tumours.
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PMID:Immunolocalization of pS2, a putative growth factor, in pancreatic carcinoma. 852 4

Multiple sections of 40 consecutive cases with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, all of which bad wide intraductal cancerous extension, were examined by immunohistochemical analysis for evaluation of hormone dependency in several areas of breast cancer tissues. In this study, we examined the expression of pS2 protein in the central invasive area (CIV), central intraductal cancerous area (CDC) and forefront intraductal cancerous area (FDC). pS2 staining was positive in 52.5% (21/40) of CIV and a significant correlation was found between pS2 expression in CIV and the estrogen receptor status (ER). pS2 staining was positive in 77.5% of CDC and 85.0% of FDC, respectively. A majority (68.4%) of the cases that were negative pS2 in CIV were positive for pS2 in FDC. Moreover, the cases with noncomedo intraductal carcinoma in premenopausal status showed a higher positivity of pS2 expression in FDC than the cases with comedo-carcinoma, though the number of cases of comedo-carcinoma was limited. These findings suggest that endocrine therapy may be useful after breast conserving treatment regardless of the ER status of the primary tumor.
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PMID:High positive rate of pS2 expression in forefront intraductal cancerous area in breast cancer. 856 93

The high frequency of gallbladder cancer in women suggests a role for estrogens in its development. The aim of this study was to study the immunohistochemical expression of p29 estrogen receptor associated protein and pS2 estrogen induced protein in 111 pathological samples of gallbladder carcinoma, coming from 88 women and 23 men, 30 metastases of gallbladder cancer, coming from 25 women and 5 men and in 25 non-tumoral gallbladders. In the latter, p29 protein was positive in 12 samples (48%) and pS2 in 15 cases (60%). p29 was positive in 40% and pS2 in 32% of tumors. p29 expressed with higher frequency in metastases than in primary tumors (57 and 31% respectively, p < 0.02). Early tumors had a significantly lower expression of p29 than advanced tumors or than metastases. Both proteins expressed in 18% of samples (synchronic expression) whereas one of both proteins did so in 60% of cases (asynchronic expression). We conclude that most gallbladder cancer samples express proteins associated to estrogen receptor or induced by estrogens.
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PMID:[Gallbladder cancer: immunohistochemical expression of the protein related to estrogen receptor (p29) and of the protein induced by estrogen (pS2)]. 873 75

We examined the expression of ErbB-2 and pS2 proteins in 59 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, either pure DCIS or DCIS associated with invasive carcinoma, using immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded sections. Positive staining for ErbB-2 and pS2 proteins was noted in 32% (19/59) and 46% (27/59) of DCIS, respectively. An inverse relationship between ErbB-2 and pS2 status in DCIS was observed (p < 0.01). From the viewpoint of histological subtype, the prevalence of ErbB-2 protein expression was significantly higher in the comedo subtype than the cribriform-micropapillary subtype. The prevalence of immunoreactivity for ErbB-2 in solid subtype was intermediate between those of the other two groups. In contrast, the prevalence of pS2 expression was significantly lower in the comedo subtype than in the cribriform-micropapillary subtype. Again, the prevalence of pS2 protein expression in the solid subtype was intermediate between those of the other two subtypes. Our results suggest that DCIS is biologically heterogeneous with regard to such marker substances. This has possible implications for management of these lesions.
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PMID:Differential distribution of ErbB-2 and pS2 proteins in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. 875 May 31

In order to obtain prognostic clinicopathological information, 49 cases of pure ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS), were evaluated for the immunohistochemical expression of potential predictor markers including c-erbB-2 oncogene product, p53 protein, oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, oestrogen-regulated proteins pS2 and cathepsin-D (cath-D), CD44 protein and 67-kDa laminin receptor (MLuC5). Immunohistochemical findings were compared with conventional pathological parameters, clinical findings, and the clinical outcome of the patients. When markers were matched to each other, statistical analyses provided a significant positive correlation between c-erbB-2 overexpression and p53 positivity (P < 0.01) and between ER and PR (P < 0.01), ER, PR and pS2 (P < 0.01), pS2 and MLuC5 (P < 0.05). Significant negative correlations between c-erbB-2 overexpression and ER (P < 0.05), PR (P < 0.01) and pS2 (P < 0.01) positivity was also observed. Data on the relationship between marker status and pathological findings revealed a significant positive trend between c-erbB-2, p53, and increased grade values (P < 0.05) and opposite results with PR receptor expression (P < 0.01). c-erbB-2 overexpression was further significantly associated with comedotype carcinoma (P < 0.05) and distribution of disease in confluent neoplastic ducts (P < 0.01). Although no statistically significant correlation among biological markers expression, clinical findings and outcome was demonstrated, overall this study indicates that tumour cells from a subset of DCIS, which includes comedotype carcinoma, express significantly unfavourable prognostic factors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical evaluation of multiple biological markers in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. 875 45

Tamoxifen as sole initial therapy is gaining importance in the management of post-menopausal breast cancer patients. Age oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor status are accurately considered to select patients for hormonal treatment. However, additional markers are needed. By immunohistochemistry (IHC), we studied tumour expression of ER, PR, pS2, c-erbB-2 and glutathione S-transferase pi (GST pi) on initial core biopsies of 208 post-menopausal patients with a non-metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma, treated by neoadjuvant tamoxifen therapy. A good response to tamoxifen was defined as tumoral regression > or = 50% (110 patients). Relationship between response and age, tumour size, T, N, histological grade, ER and PR contents evaluated by radioimmunoassay, ER, PR, pS2, c-erbB-2 and GST pi expression evaluated by IHC were studied. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that tumoral regression was linked only to pS2 (P = 0.004) and ER (P = 0.018) IHC expression. According to the immunohistochemical profile, three groups could be defined: pS2- and ER-positive tumours, pS2- or ER-positive tumours and pS2- and ER-negative tumours with response rates of 60%, 45% and 8% respectively. Although prospective studies are needed to confirm these results, we conclude that pS2 and ER immunohistochemical status are useful tools for predicting tumour regression with neoadjuvant tamoxifen in post-menopausal breast carcinoma patients.
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PMID:pS2 protein: a marker improving prediction of response to neoadjuvant tamoxifen in post-menopausal breast cancer patients. 885 85

The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of pS2 expression in gastric carcinoma and to determine its prognostic significance. We analysed pS2 protein expression in 50 gastric carcinomas and respective adjacent mucosas by immunohistochemistry and immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). pS2 was consistently expressed in superficial and foveolar epithelium of non-neoplastic mucosa and in 66.0% of the carcinomas. pS2 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in diffuse than in intestinal carcinomas, and in those cases with nodal metastases than in those without. No correlation was found between pS2 immunostaining and gender, age, staging, depth of wall penetration, venous invasion, ploidy and S-phase fraction. The mean levels of pS2 (IRMA) were significantly lower in gastric carcinomas than in non-neoplastic mucosas, and were not correlated with any of the aforementioned clinicopathological features. The survival of patients with pS2-positive tumours was not significantly different from that of patients with pS2-negative tumours. We conclude that pS2 expression, which can be used as a marker of gastric-type differentiation, is associated with gastric carcinoma of diffuse type. The lack of correlation between pS2 expression and most features of tumor aggressiveness and patients' survival precludes its use as a prognostic tool in gastric carcinoma.
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PMID:pS2 protein expression in gastric carcinoma. An immunohistochemical and immunoradiometric study. 891 Nov 22

Primary chemotherapy in operable breast invasive carcinoma enables tumour reduction and conservative surgery. In order to search for one or more biological factors capable of predicting tumour behaviour under primary chemotherapy, and subsequent patient survival, an immunohistochemical study was performed with specific antibodies to p53, c-erbB-2 (Her-2/neu), Mib1 (antiKi-67), pS2, GST pi, oestrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs). Core biopsies, obtained before primary chemotherapy, were available from a series of 128 breast invasive carcinomas treated between January 1985 and April 1989, with a median follow-up of 93.3 months. Univariate statistical analysis showed that negative ER detection by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was highly correlated with chemosensitivity (P = 0.001). A high percentage of Mib1-positive tumour cells (> 40%), as well as initial tumour size less than 4 cm, were also correlated with tumour responsiveness to chemotherapy (P = 0.009 and P = 0.03). By multivariate analysis IHC-ER, Mib1 and initial tumour size were independent predictors, the last parameter being the most important. Concerning subsequent patient survival, c-erbB-2 overexpression, as detected by IHC, was significant with respect to overall survival (OS) (P = 0.0006), disease-free interval (DFI) (P = 0.03) and metastasis-free interval (MFI) (P = 0.008) by univariate analysis. Furthermore, c-erbB-2 was the major independent prognostic factor for OS and MFI by multivariate analysis.
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PMID:Primary chemotherapy in breast invasive carcinoma: predictive value of the immunohistochemical detection of hormonal receptors, p53, c-erbB-2, MiB1, pS2 and GST pi. 891 45

The estrogen regulated pS2 protein and the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) have been reported as important tumor parameters both in breast and in ovarian cancer. We analysed the cytosolic concentrations of pS2 in 111 ovarian carcinoma and the cytosolic concentrations of PAI-1 in 104 ovarian cancers by RIA and ELISA. Using a cut-off level of 2 ng/mg protein we found 27% pS2+ tumors. We observed 42% PAI-1+ tumors using a out-off level of 1 ng/mg. We found a statistically significant decline in the pS2 status corresponding with an increase in the PAI-1 status from well to poor differentiation grade. The highest levels of pS2 and the lowest levels of PAI-1 were measured in borderline carcinoma. Significantly higher concentrations of pS2 were measured in mucinous over serous carcinoma. We found no significant correlation between PAI-1 and histologic subtypes, or between pS2 or PAI-1 and estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, age and tumor stage. To conclude, we found pS2 and PAI-1 concentrations to be correlated with the grade of differentiation. A correlation between protein status and histologic subtypes could be observed for pS2 but not for PAI-1.
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PMID:pS2 and PAI-1 in ovarian cancer: correlation to pathohistological parameters. 906 1

The aromatase cytochrome P450 complex is responsible for the in vivo conversion of androgens to estrogens. Although breast cancer epithelial cells have been reported to have appreciable aromatase activity, its biologic significance remains uncertain. To address this, the effect of androgens on the expression of the estrogen-regulated gene pS2 in hormone-dependent human breast carcinoma cells in vitro was examined. Steroid-deprived MCF-7 cells were exposed to varying concentrations (1 nM, 10 nM, and 100 nM of androstenedione or testosterone for 2,4, and 6 days. Baseline aromatase activity was 4.9 (+/-3.1) fmol 3H2O/hour/microgram DNA [34.3 (+/-21.3) fmol/hr/10(6) cells] and was not influenced by the androgens. As an indication of estrogen biosynthesis, northern analysis was performed to quantitate pS2 mRNA expression. Although no significant pS2 induction was observed at 2 days, both 4 and 6 day exposure to 100 nM testosterone resulted in a 3-fold increase in pS2 mRNA expression. 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT) failed to elicit a similar pS2 response. This testosterone-induced response was inhibited with the aromatase inhibitor 7 alpha (4'-amino) phenylthio-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (7 alpha-APTADD) and with 10 microM tamoxifen. MCF-7 breast cancer cells possess endogenous aromatase activity at high enough levels to convert androgens to estrogens and elicit an estrogen-induced response. The expression of aromatase may offer a potential advantage to hormone-responsive cells, providing an additional autocrine growth pathway which may be exploited.
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PMID:Androgens influence estrogen-induced responses in human breast carcinoma cells through cytochrome P450 aromatase. 916 78


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