Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04141 (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
 6,790 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum tumor markers may be helpful in early diagnosis of cancer, in the initial assessment of the extent of the disease, and in monitoring the tumor growth or tumor volume reduction once cancer has been diagnosed and treatment started. Recent studies have focused on a new family of markers -hematopoietic growth factors, especially on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). A number of investigations have shown autologous production of GM-CSF in various human cell lines derived from melanoma, gastric or ovarian cancer, and in certain tumors of nonhematopoietic origin. In this study serum level of GM-CSF was measured using a sensitive sandwich ELISA system in 34 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before and 10, 30, 90, 180 and 270 days after surgical operation. Additionally common accepted tumor markers such as CEA and CYFRA 21.1 were also assayed. Preoperative level of GM-CSF was significantly increased in cancer patients relative to the normal sera (p < 0.02). Concentration of GM-CSF and CYFRA 21.1 were decreased on 10th day, but CEA on 30th day after surgical treatment, although upon comparison of pre- and postoperative tumor markers serum levels significant difference was observed for CYFRA 21.1 (p < 0.05). Levels of GM-CSF were increased in 85%, CEA in 62% and CYFRA 21.1 in 51%. The diagnostic sensitivity and serum levels of GM-CSF were related to the stage of the disease and the combined use of two markers increased the sensitivity compared with the use of only one. These results suggest that GM-CSF, especially in the combination with CYFRA 21.1., may be useful in the diagnostic and monitoring of patients with NSCLC.
Pol Arch Med Wewn 1998 Mar
PMID:[Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in diagnosis and monitoring of non-small cell lung cancer]. 976 Aug 5

CD14(+) interstitial cells reside beneath the epidermis of skin and mucosal tissue and may therefore play an important role in viral infections and the shaping of an antiviral immune response. However, in contrast to dendritic cells (DC) or blood monocytes, these antigen-presenting cells (APC) have not been well studied. We have previously described long-lived CD14(+) cells generated from CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitors, which may represent model cells for interstitial CD14(+) APC. Here, we show that these cells carry DC-SIGN and differentiate into immature DC in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. We have compared the CD14(+) cells and the DC derived from these cells with respect to dengue virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Both cell types are permissive to dengue virus infection, but the CD14(+) cells secrete the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 and no tumor necrosis factor alpha. Regarding HIV, the CD14(+) cells are permissive to HIV-1, release higher p24 levels than the derived DC, and more efficiently activate HIV Pol-specific CD8(+) memory T cells. The CD14(+) DC precursors infected with either virus retain their DC differentiation potential. The results suggest that interstitial CD14(+) APC may contribute to HIV-1 and dengue virus infection and the shaping of an antiviral immune response.
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PMID:Dendritic cell precursors are permissive to dengue virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection. 1591 83

Viral particles preferentially incorporate extra- and intracellular constituents of host cell lipid rafts, a phenomenon central to pseudotyping. Based on this mechanism, we have developed a system for the predictable decoration of enveloped viruses with functionally active cytokines that circumvents the need to modify viral proteins themselves. Human interleukin-2 (hIL-2), hIL-4, human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF), and murine IL-2 (mIL-2) were used as model cytokines and fused at their C terminus to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) acceptor sequence of human Fcgamma receptor III (CD16b). We show here that genetically modified cytokines are all well expressed on 293 producer cells. However, only molecules equipped with GPI anchors but not those linked to transmembrane/intracellular regions of type I membrane proteins are efficiently targeted to lipid rafts and consequently to virus-like particles (VLP) induced by Moloney murine leukemia virus Gag-Pol. hIL-4::GPI and hGM-CSF::GPI coexpressed on VLP were found to differentiate monocytes towards dendritic cells. Apart from myeloid-committed cell types, VLP-bound cytokines also act efficiently on lymphocytes. hIL-2::GPI strongly costimulated T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 dependent T-cell activation in vitro and mIL-2::GPI-coactivated antigen-specific T cells in vivo. On a molar basis, the functional activity of VLP-bound hIL-2::GPI was found to be comparable to that of soluble hIL-2. VLP decorated with hIL-2::GPI and coexpressing a TCR/CD3 ligand have an IL-2-specific activity of 5 x 10(4) units/mg protein. Virus particles decorated with lipid-modified cytokines might help to improve viral strains for vaccination purposes, the propagation of factor-dependent cell types, as well as gene transfer by viral systems in the future.
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PMID:General strategy for decoration of enveloped viruses with functionally active lipid-modified cytokines. 1753 46

In the search for a therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine, we describe herein the development of a monocyte-derived dendritic cell (DC) vaccine loaded with a mixture of HIV-1-antigen lipopeptides (ANRS HIV-LIPO-5 Vaccine). LIPO-5 is comprised of five HIV-1-antigen peptides (Gag(17-35), Gag(253-284), Nef(66-97), Nef(116-145), and Pol(325-355)), each covalently linked to a palmitoyl-lysylamide moiety. Monocytes enriched from HIV-1-infected highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated patients were cultured for three days with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and alpha-interferon. At day 2, the DCs were loaded with ANRS HIV-LIPO-5 vaccine, activated with lipopolysaccharide, harvested at day 3 and frozen. Flow cytometry analysis of thawed DC vaccines showed expression of DC differentiation markers: CD1b/c, CD14, HLA-DR, CD11c, co-stimulatory molecule CD80 and DC maturation marker CD83. DCs were capable of eliciting an HIV-1-antigen-specific response, as measured by expansion of autologous CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells. The expanded T-cells secreted gamma-IFN and interleukin (IL)-13, but not IL-10. The safety and immunogenicity of this DC vaccine are being evaluated in a Phase I/II clinical trial in chronically HIV-1-infected patients on HAART (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00796770).
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PMID:Development of a HIV-1 lipopeptide antigen pulsed therapeutic dendritic cell vaccine. 2109 48

Here, we report on GEO-D03, a DNA vaccine that co-expresses non-infectious HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) and the human cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The virus-like particles display the native gp160 form of the HIV-1 Envelope glycoprotein (Env) and are designed to elicit antibody against the natural form of Env on virus and virus-infected cells. The DNA-expressed HIV Gag, Pol and Env proteins also have the potential to elicit virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. The purpose of the co-expressed GM-CSF is to target a cytokine that recruits, expands and differentiates macrophages and dendritic cells to the site of VLP expression. The GEO-D03 DNA vaccine is currently entered into human trials as a prime for a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) boost. In preclinical studies in macaques using an SIV prototype vaccine, this vaccination regimen elicited both anti-viral T cells and antibody, and provided 70% protection against acquisition during 12 weekly rectal exposures with a heterologous SIV. Higher avidity of the Env-specific Ab for the native form of the Env in the challenge virus correlated with lower likelihood of SIV infection.
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PMID:Co-expression of HIV-1 virus-like particles and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor by GEO-D03 DNA vaccine. 2311 Nov 69